Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 39 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 39 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Xianliang Zeng
    • Sizeng Chen
    • Yanfeng Lin
    • Zhao Ke
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Technology and Engineering College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1387-1395
    |
    Published online on: January 12, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6213
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cancer cachexia is a life‑threatening syndrome associated with myofiber damage. Tumor factors impair muscle regeneration by promoting myoblast apoptosis. Ghrelin is a multifunctional hormone with an anti‑apoptotic effect, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated whether the coculturing of C2C12 myoblasts with CT26 colon carcinoma cells may induce myoblast apoptosis, and whether acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) may exert anti‑apoptotic effects. We found that the coculture induced myoblast apoptosis and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α concentrations in the culture medium. Moreover, the coculture increased c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) activity, suppressed Akt activity, increased the mitochondrial Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), increased the cytosolic cytochrome c levels, and activated the caspase‑3/poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) cascade in myoblasts. We also found that either AG or UnAG inhibited these changes. The present study describes a novel in vitro model that can be employed to investigate cancer‑induced myoblast apoptosis, and our findings suggest a possible use for AG and UnAG in treating cancer cachexia.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, et al: Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 12:489–495. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Donohoe CL, Ryan AM and Reynolds JV: Cancer cachexia: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011:6014342011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Glass DJ: Signaling pathways perturbing muscle mass. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 13:225–229. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Schiaffino S, Dyar KA, Ciciliot S, Blaauw B and Sandri M: Mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy. FEBS J. 280:4294–4314. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Busquets S, Figueras MT, Fuster G, Almendro V, Moore-Carrasco R, Ametller E, Argilés JM and López-Soriano FJ: Anticachectic effects of formoterol: A drug for potential treatment of muscle wasting. Cancer Res. 64:6725–6731. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ishiko O, Sumi T, Yoshida H, Hyun Y and Ogita S: Expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins in the skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rabbits compared with diet-restricted rabbits. Int J Mol Med. 8:279–283. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Belizário JE, Lorite MJ and Tisdale MJ: Cleavage of caspases-1, −3, −6, −8 and −9 substrates by proteases in skeletal muscles from mice undergoing cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer. 84:1135–1140. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

He WA, Berardi E, Cardillo VM, Acharyya S, Aulino P, Thomas-Ahner J, Wang J, Bloomston M, Muscarella P, Nau P, et al: NF-κB-mediated Pax7 dysregulation in the muscle microenvironment promotes cancer cachexia. J Clin Invest. 123:4821–4835. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Bossola M, Marzetti E, Rosa F and Pacelli F: Skeletal muscle regeneration in cancer cachexia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 43:522–527. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Chargé SB and Rudnicki MA: Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. Physiol Rev. 84:209–238. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Talbert EE and Guttridge DC: Impaired regeneration: A role for the muscle microenvironment in cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 54:82–91. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

He WA, Calore F, Londhe P, Canella A, Guttridge DC and Croce CM: Microvesicles containing miRNAs promote muscle cell death in cancer cachexia via TLR7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:pp. 4525–4529. 2014; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Hotchkiss RS, Strasser A, McDunn JE and Swanson PE: Cell death. N Engl J Med. 361:1570–1583. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Green DR: Apoptotic pathways: Ten minutes to dead. Cell. 121:671–674. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Moldoveanu T, Follis AV, Kriwacki RW and Green DR: Many players in BCL-2 family affairs. Trends Biochem Sci. 39:101–111. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Deng Y, Ren X, Yang L, Lin Y and Wu X: A JNK-dependent pathway is required for TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Cell. 115:61–70. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Gnanapavan S, Kola B, Bustin SA, Morris DG, McGee P, Fairclough P, Bhattacharya S, Carpenter R, Grossman AB and Korbonits M: The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 87:29882002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Molfino A, Gioia G and Muscaritoli M: The hunger hormone ghrelin in cachexia. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 13:465–468. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Chopin L, Walpole C, Seim I, Cunningham P, Murray R, Whiteside E, Josh P and Herington A: Ghrelin and cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 340:65–69. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Guillory B, Splenser A and Garcia J: The role of ghrelin in anorexia-cachexia syndromes. Vitam Horm. 92:61–106. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Filigheddu N, Gnocchi VF, Coscia M, Cappelli M, Porporato PE, Taulli R, Traini S, Baldanzi G, Chianale F, Cutrupi S, et al: Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin promote differentiation and fusion of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Mol Biol Cell. 18:986–994. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Baldanzi G, Filigheddu N, Cutrupi S, Catapano F, Bonissoni S, Fubini A, Malan D, Baj G, Granata R, Broglio F, et al: Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT. J Cell Biol. 159:1029–1037. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Chung H, Seo S, Moon M and Park S: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and ERK1/2 pathways mediate protective effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary rat cortical neuronal cells. J Endocrinol. 198:511–521. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Mao Y, Wang J, Yu F, Li Z, Li H, Guo C and Fan X: Ghrelin protects against palmitic acid or lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatocyte apoptosis through inhibition of MAPKs/iNOS and restoration of Akt/eNOS pathways. Biomed Pharmacother. 84:305–313. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Yu J, Xu H, Shen X and Jiang H: Ghrelin protects MES23.5 cells against rotenone via inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Neuropeptides. 56:69–74. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhang Q, Huang WD, Lv XY and Yang YM: Ghrelin protects H9c2 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis through NF-κB and mitochondria-mediated signaling. Eur J Pharmacol. 654:142–149. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Abrams JM, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, El-Deiry WS, Fulda S, et al: Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: Recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2012. Cell Death Differ. 19:107–120. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kroemer G, Galluzzi L and Brenner C: Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death. Physiol Rev. 87:99–163. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Li P, Nijhawan D, Budihardjo I, Srinivasula SM, Ahmad M, Alnemri ES and Wang X: Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade. Cell. 91:479–489. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Zou H, Henzel WJ, Liu X, Lutschg A and Wang X: Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3. Cell. 90:405–413. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Hsu YT, Wolter KG and Youle RJ: Cytosol-to-membrane redistribution of Bax and Bcl-XL during apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:pp. 3668–3672. 1997; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wolter KG, Hsu YT, Smith CL, Nechushtan A, Xi XG and Youle RJ: Movement of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria during apoptosis. J Cell Biol. 139:1281–1292. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Gross A, Jockel J, Wei MC and Korsmeyer SJ: Enforced dimerization of BAX results in its translocation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. EMBO J. 17:3878–3885. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Yamamoto K, Ichijo H and Korsmeyer SJ: BCL-2 is phosphorylated and inactivated by an ASK1/Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway normally activated at G2/M. Mol Cell Biol. 19:8469–8478. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Willimott S and Wagner SD: Post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of Bcl2. Biochem Soc Trans. 38:1571–1575. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Walensky LD: Direct BAKtivation. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 20:536–538. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

De Chiara G, Marcocci ME, Torcia M, Lucibello M, Rosini P, Bonini P, Higashimoto Y, Damonte G, Armirotti A, Amodei S, et al: Bcl-2 Phosphorylation by p38 MAPK: Identification of target sites and biologic consequences. J Biol Chem. 281:21353–21361. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kyriakis JM and Avruch J: Mammalian MAP004B signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation: A 10-year update. Physiol Rev. 92:689–737. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Yamaguchi H and Wang HG: The protein kinase PKB/Akt regulates cell survival and apoptosis by inhibiting Bax conformational change. Oncogene. 20:7779–7786. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Zhu Z, Dai J, Liao Y and Wang T: Sox9 protects against human lung fibroblast cell apoptosis induced by LPS through activation of the AKT/GSK3β pathway. Biochemistry. 82:606–612. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Li S, Chen JW, Xie X, Tian J, Deng C, Wang J, Gan HN and Li F: Autophagy inhibitor regulates apoptosis and proliferation of synovial fibroblasts through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway in collagen-induced arthritis rat model. Am J Transl Res. 9:2065–2076. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Fearon KC, Glass DJ and Guttridge DC: Cancer cachexia: Mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways. Cell Metab. 16:153–166. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Argiles JM, Busquets S, Stemmler B and López-Soriano FJ: Cancer cachexia: Understanding the molecular basis. Nat Rev Cancer. 14:754–762. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Granata R, Settanni F, Biancone L, Trovato L, Nano R, Bertuzzi F, Destefanis S, Annunziata M, Martinetti M, Catapano F, et al: Acylated and unacylated ghrelin promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells and human islets: Involvement of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase a, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and phosphatidyl inositol 3-Kinase/Akt signaling. Endocrinology. 148:512–529. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Tsubouchi H, Yanagi S, Miura A, Matsumoto N, Kangawa K and Nakazato M: Ghrelin relieves cancer cachexia associated with the development of lung adenocarcinoma in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 743:1–10. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Penna F, Costamagna D, Pin F, Camperi A, Fanzani A, Chiarpotto EM, Cavallini G, Bonelli G, Baccino FM and Costelli P: Autophagic degradation contributes to muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Am J Pathol. 182:1367–1378. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Wohlers LM, Powers BL, Chin ER and Spangenburg EE: Using a novel coculture model to dissect the role of intramuscular lipid load on skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness under reduced estrogen conditions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 304:E1199–E1212. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Voss JO, Loebel C, Bara JJ, Fussinger MA, Duttenhoefer F, Alini M and Stoddart MJ: Effect of short-term stimulation with interleukin-1β and differentiation medium on human mesenchymal stromal cell paracrine activity in coculture with osteoblasts. Biomed Res Int. 2015:7142302015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Sheriff S, Kadeer N, Joshi R, Friend LA, James JH and Balasubramaniam A: Des-acyl ghrelin exhibits pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic effects on C2C12 myotubes exposed to cytokines and reduces burn-induced muscle proteolysis in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 351:286–295. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Porporato PE, Filigheddu N, Reano S, Ferrara M, Angelino E, Gnocchi VF, Prodam F, Ronchi G, Fagoonee S, Fornaro M, et al: Acylated and unacylated ghrelin impair skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. J Clin Invest. 123:611–622. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zeng X, Chen S, Lin Y and Ke Z: Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 39: 1387-1395, 2018.
APA
Zeng, X., Chen, S., Lin, Y., & Ke, Z. (2018). Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells. Oncology Reports, 39, 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6213
MLA
Zeng, X., Chen, S., Lin, Y., Ke, Z."Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 39.3 (2018): 1387-1395.
Chicago
Zeng, X., Chen, S., Lin, Y., Ke, Z."Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 39, no. 3 (2018): 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6213
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zeng X, Chen S, Lin Y and Ke Z: Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 39: 1387-1395, 2018.
APA
Zeng, X., Chen, S., Lin, Y., & Ke, Z. (2018). Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells. Oncology Reports, 39, 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6213
MLA
Zeng, X., Chen, S., Lin, Y., Ke, Z."Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 39.3 (2018): 1387-1395.
Chicago
Zeng, X., Chen, S., Lin, Y., Ke, Z."Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit apoptosis in myoblasts cocultured with colon carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 39, no. 3 (2018): 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6213
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team