|
1
|
Key TJ and Pike MC: The dose-effect
relationship between ‘unopposed’ oestrogens and endometrial mitotic
rate: Its central role in explaining and predicting endometrial
cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 57:205–212. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Henderson BE, Ross RK, Pike MC and
Casagrande JT: Endogenous hormones as a major factor in human
cancer. Cancer Res. 42:3232–3239. 1982.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
Sjogren LL, Morch LS and Lokkegaard E:
Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of endometrial cancer: A
systematic review. Maturitas. 91:25–35. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4
|
Mu N, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhang H and Xue F:
Insulin resistance: A significant risk factor of endometrial
cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 125:751–757. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Berstein LM, Kvatchevskaya JO, Poroshina
TE, Kovalenko IG, Tsyrlina EV, Zimarina TS, Ourmantcheeva AF,
Ashrafian L and Thijssen JH: Insulin resistance, its consequences
for the clinical course of the disease, and possibilities of
correction in endometrial cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol.
130:687–693. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Wang Y, Hua S, Tian W, Zhang L, Zhao J,
Zhang H, Zhang W and Xue F: Mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of
insulin in endometrial cancer are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt
dependent. Gynecol Oncol. 125:734–741. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Wang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Tian W, Hua S,
Zhao J, Zhang H and Xue F: Insulin promotes proliferation,
survival, and invasion in endometrial carcinoma by activating the
MEK/ERK pathway. Cancer Lett. 322:223–231. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Shao Y, Cheng S, Hou J, Zuo Y, Zheng W,
Xia M and Mu N: Insulin is an important risk factor of endometrial
cancer among premenopausal women: A case-control study in China.
Tumour Biol. 37:4721–4726. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Hernandez AV, Pasupuleti V, Benites-Zapata
VA, Thota P, Deshpande A and Perez-Lopez FR: Insulin resistance and
endometrial cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur
J Cancer. 51:2747–2758. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Fedewa SA,
Manassaram-Baptiste D, Saslow D, Brawley OW and Wender RC: Cancer
screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American
Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening.
CA Cancer J Clin. 67:100–121. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Garrett A and Quinn MA: Hormonal therapies
and gynaecological cancers. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol.
22:407–421. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Hawkes AL, Quinn M, Gebski V, Armes J,
Brennan D, Janda M; feMME Trial Committee, ; Obermair A: Improving
treatment for obese women with early stage cancer of the uterus:
Rationale and design of the levonorgestrel intrauterine device ±
metformin ± weight loss in endometrial cancer (feMME) trial.
Contemp Clin Trials. 39:14–21. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Nwanodi O: Progestin intrauterine devices
and metformin: Endometrial hyperplasia and early stage endometrial
cancer medical management. Healthcare (Basel). 5:E302017.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Umene K, Banno K, Kisu I, Yanokura M,
Nogami Y, Tsuji K, Masuda K, Ueki A, Kobayashi Y, Yamagami W, et
al: New candidate therapeutic agents for endometrial cancer:
potential for clinical practice (review). Oncol Rep. 29:855–860.
2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15
|
Fournier A, Dossus L, Mesrine S, Vilier A,
Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F and Chabbert-Buffet N: Risks
of endometrial cancer associated with different hormone replacement
therapies in the E3N cohort, 1992–2008. Am J Epidemiol.
180:508–517. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Decensi A, Puntoni M, Goodwin P, Cazzaniga
M, Gennari A, Bonanni B and Gandini S: Metformin and cancer risk in
diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer
Prev Res (Phila). 3:1451–1461. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Mu N, Wang Y and Xue F: Metformin: A
potential novel endometrial cancer therapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer.
22:1812012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Workman P, Aboagye EO, Balkwill F, Balmain
A, Bruder G, Chaplin DJ, Double JA, Everitt J, Farningham DA,
Glennie MJ, et al: Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in
cancer research. Br J Cancer. 102:1555–1577. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Kim JJ and Chapman-Davis E: Role of
progesterone in endometrial cancer. Semin Reprod Med. 28:81–90.
2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Musgrove EA and Sutherland RL: Cell cycle
control by steroid hormones. Semin Cancer Biol. 5:381–389.
1994.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
Musgrove EA, Lee CS, Cornish AL, Swarbrick
A and Sutherland RL: Antiprogestin inhibition of cell cycle
progression in T-47D breast cancer cells is accompanied by
induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Mol
Endocrinol. 11:54–66. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Watts CK, Brady A, Sarcevic B, DeFazio A,
Musgrove EA and Sutherland RL: Antiestrogen inhibition of cell
cycle progression in breast cancer cells in associated with
inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity and decreased
retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Mol Endocrinol.
9:1804–1813. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23
|
Musgrove EA, Swarbrick A, Lee CS, Cornish
AL and Sutherland RL: Mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase
inactivation by progestins. Mol Cell Biol. 18:1812–1825. 1998.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Yang S, Thiel KW and Leslie KK:
Progesterone: The ultimate endometrial tumor suppressor. Trends
Endocrinol Metab. 22:145–152. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Chang WT, Lin HL, Chang KL, Ker CG, Huang
MC, Chen JS, Kuo KK, Chen YL and Lee KT: Progesterone increases
epirubicin's apoptotic effects in HepG2 cells by S phase cell cycle
arrest. Hepatogastroenterology. 57:107–113. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
Hernández-Hernández OT, González-García TK
and Camacho-Arroyo I: Progesterone receptor and SRC-1 participate
in the regulation of VEGF, EGFR and Cyclin D1 expression in human
astrocytoma cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 132:127–134.
2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Rivas MA, Venturutti L, Huang YW,
Schillaci R, Huang TH and Elizalde PV: Downregulation of the
tumor-suppressor miR-16 via progestin-mediated oncogenic signaling
contributes to breast cancer development. Breast Cancer Res.
14:R772012. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Soliman PT, Zhang Q, Broaddus RR, Westin
SN, Iglesias D, Munsell MF, Schmandt R, Yates M, Ramondetta L and
Lu KH: Prospective evaluation of the molecular effects of metformin
on the endometrium in women with newly diagnosed endometrial
cancer: A window of opportunity study. Gynecol Oncol. 143:466–471.
2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Zou J, Hong L, Luo C, Li Z, Zhu Y, Huang
T, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Hu Y, Wen T, et al: Metformin inhibits
estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer cell growth by activating the
AMPK-FOXO1 signal pathway. Cancer Sci. 107:1806–1817. 2016.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Gadducci A, Biglia N, Tana R, Cosio S and
Gallo M: Metformin use and gynecological cancers: A novel treatment
option emerging from drug repositioning. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol.
105:73–83. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31
|
Plymate SR, Matej LA, Jones RE and Friedl
KE: Inhibition of sex hormone-binding globulin production in the
human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line by insulin and prolactin. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 67:460–464. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32
|
Kourelis TV and Siegel RD: Metformin and
cancer: New applications for an old drug. Med Oncol. 29:1314–1327.
2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
Scherbakov AM, Sorokin DV, Tatarskiy VJ
Jr, Prokhorov NS, Semina SE, Berstein LM and Krasil'nikov MA: The
phenomenon of acquired resistance to metformin in breast cancer
cells: The interaction of growth pathways and estrogen receptor
signaling. IUBMB Life. 68:281–292. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Cai X, Hu X, Tan X, Cheng W, Wang Q, Chen
X, Guan Y, Chen C and Jing X: Metformin induced AMPK activation,
G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of growth of
esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One.
10:e1333492015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
35
|
Sikka A, Kaur M, Agarwal C, Deep G and
Agarwal R: Metformin suppresses growth of human head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma via global inhibition of protein
translation. Cell Cycle. 11:1374–1382. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36
|
Tosca L, Ramé C, Chabrolle C, Tesseraud S
and Dupont J: Metformin decreases IGF1-induced cell proliferation
and protein synthesis through AMP-activated protein kinase in
cultured bovine granulosa cells. Reproduction. 139:409–418. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Zhang Z, Dong L, Sui L, Yang Y, Liu X, Yu
Y, Zhu Y and Feng Y: Metformin reverses progestin resistance in
endometrial cancer cells by downregulating GloI expression. Int J
Gynecol Cancer. 21:213–221. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Xie Y, Wang YL, Yu L, Hu Q, Ji L, Zhang Y
and Liao QP: Metformin promotes progesterone receptor expression
via inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in
endometrial cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 126:113–120.
2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
