|
1
|
Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward
E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin.
61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
2
|
Haggar FA and Boushey RP: Colorectal
cancer epidemiology: Incidence, mortality, survival, and risk
factors. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 22:191–197. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
3
|
Dušek L, Mužík J, Malúšková D and
Šnajdrová L: Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: International
comparisonInstitute of Biostatistics and Analyses. Masaryk
University; Brno, Czech Republic:
|
|
4
|
Bardhan K and Liu K: Epigenetics and
colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel). 5:676–713. 2013.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
5
|
Tsiaoussis J, Vassilopoulou L,
Nikolouzakis T, Rakitskii VN, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadaki P,
Stivaktakis P and Tsatsakis AM: Biomolecular profile of colorectal
cancer - the role of telomerase as a potent biomarker. Farmacia.
65:643–659. 2017.
|
|
6
|
Souglakos J, Philips J, Wang R, Marwah S,
Silver M, Tzardi M, Silver J, Ogino S, Hooshmand S, Kwak E, et al:
Prognostic and predictive value of common mutations for treatment
response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal
cancer. Br J Cancer. 101:465–472. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
7
|
Migliore L, Migheli F, Spisni R and
Coppedè F: Genetics, cytogenetics, and epigenetics of colorectal
cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011:7923622011. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
8
|
Gonzalez-Pons M and Cruz-Correa M:
Colorectal cancer biomarkers: Where are we now? BioMed Res Int.
2015:1490142015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
9
|
Cunningham D, Atkin W, Lenz HJ, Lynch HT,
Minsky B, Nordlinger B and Starling N: Colorectal cancer. Lancet.
375:1030–1047. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
10
|
Kuipers EJ, Rösch T and Bretthauer M:
Colorectal cancer screening - optimizing current strategies and new
directions. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 10:130–142. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
11
|
Labianca R and Merelli B: Screening and
diagnosis for colorectal cancer: Present and future. Tumori.
96:889–901. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
12
|
Mahmud A, Poon R and Jonker D: PET imaging
in anal canal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J
Radiol. 90:201703702017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
13
|
Paspulati RM and Gupta A: PET/MR imaging
in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. PET Clin. 11:403–423.
2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
14
|
Bond JH: Fecal occult blood test screening
for colorectal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 12:11–21.
2002. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
15
|
Siegel R, Desantis C and Jemal A:
Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 64:104–117.
2014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
16
|
Ahlquist DA: Molecular detection of
colorectal neoplasia. Gastroenterology. 138:2127–2139. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
17
|
Shah R, Jones E, Vidart V, Kuppen PJ,
Conti JA and Francis NK: Biomarkers for early detection of
colorectal cancer and polyps: Systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 23:1712–1728. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
18
|
Alix-Panabières C and Pantel K: Clinical
applications of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA
as liquid biopsy. Cancer Discov. 6:479–491. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
19
|
Shastri YM, Loitsch S, Hoepffner N, Povse
N, Hanisch E, Rösch W, Mössner J and Stein JM: Comparison of an
established simple office-based immunological FOBT with fecal tumor
pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2-PK) for colorectal cancer screening:
Prospective multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 103:1496–1504.
2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
20
|
Takai T, Kanaoka S, Yoshida K, Hamaya Y,
Ikuma M, Miura N, Sugimura H, Kajimura M and Hishida A: Fecal
cyclooxygenase 2 plus matrix metalloproteinase 7 mRNA assays as a
marker for colorectal cancer screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev. 18:1888–1893. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
21
|
Huang Z, Huang D, Ni S, Peng Z, Sheng W
and Du X: Plasma microRNAs are promising novel biomarkers for early
detection of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer. 127:118–126. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
22
|
Wu CW, Ng SS, Dong YJ, Ng SC, Leung WW,
Lee CW, Wong YN, Chan FK, Yu J and Sung JJ: Detection of miR-92a
and miR-21 in stool samples as potential screening biomarkers for
colorectal cancer and polyps. Gut. 61:739–745. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
23
|
Pan C, Yan X, Li H, Huang L, Yin M, Yang
Y, Gao R, Hong L, Ma Y, Shi C, et al: Systematic literature review
and clinical validation of circulating microRNAs as diagnostic
biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 8:68317–68328. 2017.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
24
|
Kanaan Z, Roberts H, Eichenberger MR,
Billeter A, Ocheretner G, Pan J, Rai SN, Jorden J, Williford A and
Galandiuk S: A plasma microRNA panel for detection of colorectal
adenomas: A step toward more precise screening for colorectal
cancer. Ann Surg. 258:400–408. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
25
|
Imperiale TF, Ransohoff DF, Itzkowitz SH,
Levin TR, Lavin P, Lidgard GP, Ahlquist DA and Berger BM:
Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening. N
Engl J Med. 370:1287–1297. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
26
|
Imperiale TF, Ransohoff DF, Itzkowitz SH,
Turnbull BA and Ross ME: Colorectal Cancer Study Group: Fecal DNA
versus fecal occult blood for colorectal-cancer screening in an
average-risk population. N Engl J Med. 351:2704–2714. 2004.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
27
|
Bayrak R, Yenidünya S and Haltas H:
Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in colorectal
adenocarcinomas. Pathol Res Pract. 207:156–160. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
28
|
Righi A, Betts CM, Marchetti C, Marucci G,
Montebugnoli L, Prati C, Eusebi LH, Muzzi L, Ragazzini T and
Foschini MP: Merkel cells in the oral mucosa. Int J Surg Pathol.
14:206–211. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
29
|
Stenling R, Lindberg J, Rutegård J and
Palmqvist R: Altered expression of CK7 and CK20 in preneoplastic
and neoplastic lesions in ulcerative colitis. APMIS. 115:1219–1226.
2007. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
30
|
Radović S, Selak I, Babić M,
Vukobrat-Bijedić Z and Knezević Z: Anti-cytokeratin 7: A positive
marker for epithelial dysplasia in flat bowel mucosa. Bosn J Basic
Med Sci. 4:24–30. 2004.
|
|
31
|
Gurzu S and Jung I: Aberrant pattern of
the cytokeratin 7/cytokeratin 20 immunophenotype in colorectal
adenocarcinomas with BRAF mutations. Pathol Res Pract. 208:163–166.
2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
32
|
Chu P, Wu E and Weiss LM: Cytokeratin 7
and cytokeratin 20 expression in epithelial neoplasms: A survey of
435 cases. Mod Pathol. 13:962–972. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
33
|
Miettinen M, Nobel MP, Tuma BT and
Kovatich AJ: Keratin 17: Immunohistochemical mapping of its
distribution in human epithelial tumors and its potential
applications. Appl Immunohistochem. 5:152–159. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
34
|
Hernandez BY, Frierson HF Jr, Moskaluk CA,
Li YJ, Clegg L, Cote TR, McCusker ME, Hankey BF, Edwards BK and
Goodman MT: CK20 and CK7 protein expression in colorectal cancer:
Demonstration of the utility of a population-based tissue
microarray. Hum Pathol. 36:275–281. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
35
|
Silberg DG, Swain GP, Suh ER and Traber
PG: Cdx1 and cdx2 expression during intestinal development.
Gastroenterology. 119:961–971. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
36
|
Moskaluk CA, Zhang H, Powell SM, Cerilli
LA, Hampton GM and Frierson HF Jr: Cdx2 protein expression in
normal and malignant human tissues: An immunohistochemical survey
using tissue microarrays. Mod Pathol. 16:913–919. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
37
|
Werling RW, Yaziji H, Bacchi CE and Gown
AM: CDX2, a highly sensitive and specific marker of adenocarcinomas
of intestinal origin: An immunohistochemical survey of 476 primary
and metastatic carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 27:303–310. 2003.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
38
|
Zheng J, He S, Qi J, Wang X, Yu J, Wu Y,
Gao Q, Wang K and Sun X: Targeted CDX2 expression inhibits
aggressive phenotypes of colon cancer cells in vitro and
in vivo. Int J Oncol. 51:478–488. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
39
|
Bretscher A and Weber K: Villin: The major
microfilament-associated protein of the intestinal microvillus.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 76:2321–2325. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
40
|
Patnaik S, George SP, Pham E, Roy S, Singh
K, Mariadason JM and Khurana S: By moonlighting in the nucleus,
villin regulates epithelial plasticity. Mol Biol Cell. 27:535–548.
2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
41
|
Kuroda N and Yorita K: Colon cancer with
micropapillary carcinoma component: A clinopathologic study of 9
cases. Pol J Pathol. 68:102–108. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
42
|
Bacchi CE and Gown AM: Distribution and
pattern of expression of villin, a gastrointestinal-associated
cytoskeletal protein, in human carcinomas: A study employing
paraffin-embedded tissue. Lab Invest. 64:418–424. 1991.
|
|
43
|
Willert K and Nusse R: Beta-catenin: A key
mediator of Wnt signaling. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 8:95–102. 1998.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
44
|
Wang JL, Qi Z, Li YH, Zhao HM, Chen YG and
Fu W: TGFβ induced factor homeobox 1 promotes colorectal cancer
development through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget.
8:70214–70225. 2017.
|
|
45
|
Clevers H: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in
development and disease. Cell. 127:469–480. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
46
|
Sheahan K, O'Brien MJ, Burke B, Dervan PA,
O'Keane JC, Gottlieb LS and Zamcheck N: Differential reactivities
of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related monoclonal and
polyclonal antibodies in common epithelial malignancies. Am J Clin
Pathol. 94:157–164. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
47
|
Zhou M, Chinnaiyan AM, Kleer CG, Lucas PC
and Rubin MA: Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: A novel tumor marker
over-expressed in several human cancers and their precursor
lesions. Am J Surg Pathol. 26:926–931. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
48
|
Tan E, Gouvas N, Nicholls RJ, Ziprin P,
Xynos E and Tekkis PP: Diagnostic precision of carcinoembryonic
antigen in the detection of recurrence of colorectal cancer. Surg
Oncol. 18:15–24. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
49
|
Andrianifahanana M, Moniaux N and Batra
SK: Regulation of mucin expression: Mechanistic aspects and
implications for cancer and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys
Acta. 1765:189–222. 2006.
|
|
50
|
Hanski C, Hofmeier M, Schmitt-Gräff A,
Riede E, Hanski ML, Borchard F, Sieber E, Niedobitek F, Foss HD,
Stein H and Riecken EO: Overexpression or ectopic expression of
MUC2 is the common property of mucinous carcinomas of the colon,
pancreas, breast, and ovary. J Pathol. 182:385–391. 1997.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
51
|
Zlatian OM, Comănescu MV, Roşu AF, Roşu L,
Cruce M, Găman AE, Călina CD and Sfredel V: Histochemical and
immunohistochemical evidence of tumor heterogeneity in colorectal
cancer. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 56:175–181. 2015.
|
|
52
|
Park SY, Lee HS, Choe G, Chung JH and Kim
WH: Clinicopathological characteristics, microsatellite
instability, and expression of mucin core proteins and p53 in
colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas in relation to location.
Virchows Arch. 449:40–47. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
53
|
King RJ, Yu F and Singh PK: Genomic
alterations in mucins across cancers. Oncotarget. 8:67152–67168.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
54
|
Wang H, Jin S, Lu H, Mi S, Shao W, Zuo X,
Yin H, Zeng S, Shimamoto F and Qi G: Expression of survivin, MUC2
and MUC5 in colorectal cancer and their association with
clinicopathological characteristics. Oncol Lett. 14:1011–1016.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
55
|
Dantzig AH, Hoskins JA, Tabas LB, Bright
S, Shepard RL, Jenkins IL, Duckworth DC, Sportsman JR, Mackensen D,
Rosteck PR Jr, et al: Association of intestinal peptide transport
with a protein related to the cadherin superfamily. Science.
264:430–433. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
56
|
Su MC, Yuan RH, Lin CY and Jeng YM:
Cadherin-17 is a useful diagnostic marker for adenocarcinomas of
the digestive system. Mod Pathol. 21:1379–1386. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
57
|
Panarelli NC, Yantiss RK, Yeh MM, Liu Y
and Chen YT: Tissue-specific cadherin CDH17 is a useful marker of
gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas with higher sensitivity than CDX2.
Am J Clin Pathol. 138:211–222. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
58
|
Stănculescu D, Mărgăritescu C, Stepan A
and Mitruţ AO: E-cadherin in gastric carcinomas related to
histological prognostic parameters. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 52
Suppl:1107–1112. 2011.
|
|
59
|
Bian T, Zhao J, Feng J, Zhang Q, Qian L,
Liu J, Jiang D, Liu Y and Zhang J: Combination of cadherin-17 and
SATB homeobox 2 serves as potential optimal makers for the
differential diagnosis of pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma and
metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget. 8:63442–63452.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
60
|
Tian X, Liu M, Zhu Q, Tan J, Liu W, Wang
Y, Chen W, Zou Y, Cai Y, Han Z and Huang X: Down-regulation of
liver-intestine cadherin enhances noscapine-induced apoptosis in
human colon cancer cells. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 17:857–863.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
61
|
Magnusson K, de Wit M, Brennan DJ, Johnson
LB, McGee SF, Lundberg E, Naicker K, Klinger R, Kampf C, Asplund A,
et al: SATB2 in combination with cytokeratin 20 identifies over 95%
of all colorectal carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 35:937–948. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
62
|
Valori R, Rey JF, Atkin WS, Bretthauer M,
Senore C, Hoff G, Kuipers EJ, Altenhofen L, Lambert R and Minoli G:
International Agency for Research on Cancer: European guidelines
for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis
First Edition - quality assurance in endoscopy in colorectal cancer
screening and diagnosis. Endoscopy. 44 Suppl 3:SE88–SE105.
2012.
|
|
63
|
Lieberman DA and Weiss DG: Veterans
Affairs Cooperative Study Group 380: One-time screening for
colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing and
examination of the distal colon. N Engl J Med. 345:555–560. 2001.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
64
|
Young GP, Symonds EL, Allison JE, Cole SR,
Fraser CG, Halloran SP, Kuipers EJ and Seaman HE: Advances in fecal
occult blood tests: The FIT revolution. Dig Dis Sci. 60:609–622.
2015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
65
|
Whitlock EP, Lin J, Liles E, Beil T, Fu R,
O'Connor E, Thompson RN and Cardenas T: Screening for Colorectal
Cancer: An Updated Systematic ReviewAgency for Healthcare Research
and Quality. Rockville, MD: 2008
|
|
66
|
Morikawa T, Kato J, Yamaji Y, Wada R,
Mitsushima T and Shiratori Y: A comparison of the immunochemical
fecal occult blood test and total colonoscopy in the asymptomatic
population. Gastroenterology. 129:422–428. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
67
|
Gupta AK, Melton LJ III, Petersen GM,
Timmons LJ, Vege SS, Harmsen WS, Diehl NN, Zinsmeister AR and
Ahlquist DA: Changing trends in the incidence, stage, survival, and
screen-detection of colorectal cancer: A population-based study.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 3:150–158. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
68
|
Puccini A, Berger MD, Naseem M, Tokunaga
R, Battaglin F, Cao S, Hanna DL, McSkane M, Soni S, Zhang W and
Lenz HJ: Colorectal cancer: Epigenetic alterations and their
clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1868:439–448.
2017.
|
|
69
|
Losso GM, Moraes RS, Gentili AC and
Messias-Reason IT: Microsatellite instability - MSI markers (BAT26,
BAT25, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250) in rectal cancer. Arq Bras Cir Dig.
25:240–244. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
70
|
de la Chapelle A and Hampel H: Clinical
relevance of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. J
Clin Oncol. 28:3380–3387. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
71
|
Merok MA, Ahlquist T, Røyrvik EC,
Tufteland KF, Hektoen M, Sjo OH, Mala T, Svindland A, Lothe RA and
Nesbakken A: Microsatellite instability has a positive prognostic
impact on stage II colorectal cancer after complete resection:
Results from a large, consecutive Norwegian series. Ann Oncol.
24:1274–1282. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
72
|
Umar A, Boland CR, Terdiman JP, Syngal S,
de la Chapelle A, Rüschoff J, Fishel R, Lindor NM, Burgart LJ,
Hamelin R, et al: Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary
nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite
instability. J Natl Cancer Inst. 96:261–268. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
73
|
Laghi L, Bianchi P and Malesci A:
Differences and evolution of the methods for the assessment of
microsatellite instability. Oncogene. 27:6313–6321. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
74
|
Roth AD, Tejpar S, Yan P, Fiocca R,
Dietrich D, Delorenzi M, Labianca R, Cunningham D, Van Cutsem E and
Bosman F: Stage-specific prognostic value of molecular markers in
colon cancer: Results of the translational study on the PETACC
3-EORTC 40993-SAKK 60–00 trial. J Clin Oncol. 27 15
Suppl:40022009.
|
|
75
|
Koopman M, Kortman GA, Mekenkamp L,
Ligtenberg MJ, Hoogerbrugge N, Antonini NF, Punt CJ and van Krieken
JH: Deficient mismatch repair system in patients with sporadic
advanced colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 100:266–273. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
76
|
Ulamec M and Krušlin B: Colorectal cancer,
novel biomarkers and immunohistochemistry - an overview. Rad Med
Sci. 520:41–49. 2014.
|
|
77
|
Hashimoto Y, Zumwalt TJ and Goel A: DNA
methylation patterns as noninvasive biomarkers and targets of
epigenetic therapies in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics. 8:685–703.
2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
78
|
Jair KW, Bachman KE, Suzuki H, Ting AH,
Rhee I, Yen RW, Baylin SB and Schuebel KE: De novo CpG island
methylation in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 66:682–692. 2006.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
79
|
Beggs AD, Jones A, El-Bahrawy M, Abulafi
M, Hodgson SV and Tomlinson IP: Whole-genome methylation analysis
of benign and malignant colorectal tumours. J Pathol. 229:697–704.
2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
80
|
Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y and Goel A: DNA
methylation and microRNA biomarkers for noninvasive detection of
gastric and colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
455:43–57. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
81
|
Lind GE, Danielsen SA, Ahlquist T, Merok
MA, Andresen K, Skotheim RI, Hektoen M, Rognum TO, Meling GI, Hoff
G, et al: Identification of an epigenetic biomarker panel with high
sensitivity and specificity for colorectal cancer and adenomas. Mol
Cancer. 10:852011. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
82
|
Cheung AF, Carter AM, Kostova KK, Woodruff
JF, Crowley D, Bronson RT, Haigis KM and Jacks T: Complete deletion
of Apc results in severe polyposis in mice. Oncogene. 29:1857–1864.
2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
83
|
Dow LE, O'Rourke KP, Simon J,
Tschaharganeh DF, van Es JH, Clevers H and Lowe SW: Apc restoration
promotes cellular differentiation and reestablishes crypt
homeostasis in colorectal cancer. Cell. 161:1539–1552. 2015.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
84
|
Liang J, Lin C, Hu F, Wang F, Zhu L, Yao
X, Wang Y and Zhao Y: APC polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal
neoplasia: A HuGE review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol.
177:1169–1179. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
85
|
Docea AO, Mitruţ P, Grigore D, Pirici D,
Călina DC and Gofiţă E: Immunohistochemical expression of TGF beta
(TGF-β), TGF beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1), and Ki67 in intestinal
variant of gastric adenocarcinomas. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 53
Suppl:683–692. 2012.
|
|
86
|
Jahr S, Hentze H, Englisch S, Hardt D,
Fackelmayer FO, Hesch RD and Knippers R: DNA fragments in the blood
plasma of cancer patients: Quantitations and evidence for their
origin from apoptotic and necrotic cells. Cancer Res. 61:1659–1665.
2001.
|
|
87
|
Frattini M, Gallino G, Signoroni S,
Balestra D, Lusa L, Battaglia L, Sozzi G, Bertario L, Leo E,
Pilotti S and Pierotti MA: Quantitative and qualitative
characterization of plasma DNA identifies primary and recurrent
colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett. 263:170–181. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
88
|
Diehl F, Li M, Dressman D, He Y, Shen D,
Szabo S, Diaz LA Jr, Goodman SN, David KA, Juhl H, et al: Detection
and quantification of mutations in the plasma of patients with
colorectal tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:16368–16373. 2005.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
89
|
Tänzer M, Balluff B, Distler J, Hale K,
Leodolter A, Röcken C, Molnar B, Schmid R, Lofton-Day C, Schuster T
and Ebert MP: Performance of epigenetic markers SEPT9 and ALX4 in
plasma for detection of colorectal precancerous lesions. PLoS One.
5:e90612010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
90
|
Danese E and Montagnana M: Epigenetics of
colorectal cancer: Emerging circulating diagnostic and prognostic
biomarkers. Ann Transl Med. 5:2792017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
91
|
Ahlquist DA, Harrington JJ, Burgart LJ and
Roche PC: Morphometric analysis of the ‘mucocellular layer’
overlying colorectal cancer and normal mucosa: Relevance to
exfoliation and stool screening. Hum Pathol. 31:51–57. 2000.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
92
|
Chen WD, Han ZJ, Skoletsky J, Olson J, Sah
J, Myeroff L, Platzer P, Lu S, Dawson D, Willis J, et al: Detection
in fecal DNA of colon cancer-specific methylation of the
nonexpressed vimentin gene. J Natl Cancer Inst. 97:1124–1132. 2005.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
93
|
Itzkowitz S, Brand R, Jandorf L, Durkee K,
Millholland J, Rabeneck L, Schroy PC III, Sontag S, Johnson D,
Markowitz S, et al: A simplified, noninvasive stool DNA test for
colorectal cancer detection. Am J Gastroenterol. 103:2862–2870.
2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
94
|
Lee RC, Feinbaum RL and Ambros V: The
C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with
antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 75:843–854. 1993.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
95
|
Wightman B, Ha I and Ruvkun G:
Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by
lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans.
Cell. 75:855–862. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
96
|
He L and Hannon GJ: MicroRNAs: Small RNAs
with a big role in gene regulation. Nat Rev Genet. 5:522–531. 2004.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
97
|
Mendell JT: MicroRNAs: Critical regulators
of development, cellular physiology and malignancy. Cell Cycle.
4:1179–1184. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
98
|
Vasudevan S, Tong Y and Steitz JA:
Switching from repression to activation: MicroRNAs can up-regulate
translation. Science. 318:1931–1934. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
99
|
Creemers EE, Tijsen AJ and Pinto YM:
Circulating microRNAs: Novel biomarkers and extracellular
communicators in cardiovascular disease? Circ Res. 110:483–495.
2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
100
|
Arroyo JD, Chevillet JR, Kroh EM, Ruf IK,
Pritchard CC, Gibson DF, Mitchell PS, Bennett CF,
Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Stirewalt DL, et al: Argonaute2 complexes
carry a population of circulating microRNAs independent of vesicles
in human plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:5003–5008. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
101
|
Vickers KC, Palmisano BT, Shoucri BM,
Shamburek RD and Remaley AT: MicroRNAs are transported in plasma
and delivered to recipient cells by high-density lipoproteins. Nat
Cell Biol. 13:423–433. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
102
|
Toiyama Y, Takahashi M, Hur K, Nagasaka T,
Tanaka K, Inoue Y, Kusunoki M, Boland CR and Goel A: Serum miR-21
as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. J
Natl Cancer Inst. 105:849–859. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
103
|
Ng EK, Chong WW, Jin H, Lam EK, Shin VY,
Yu J, Poon TC, Ng SS and Sung JJ: Differential expression of
microRNAs in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer: A potential
marker for colorectal cancer screening. Gut. 58:1375–1381. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
104
|
Carter JV, Galbraith NJ, Yang D, Burton
JF, Walker SP and Galandiuk S: Blood-based microRNAs as biomarkers
for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and
meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 116:762–774. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
105
|
Okugawa, Grady WM and Goel A: Epigenetic
alterations in colorectal cancer: Emerging biomarkers.
Gastroenterology. 149:1204–1225.e12. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
106
|
Chen M, Lin M and Wang X: Over expression
of miR-19a inhibits colorectal cancer angiogenesis by suppressing
KRAS expression. Oncol Rep. 39:619–626. 2018.
|
|
107
|
Link A, Balaguer F, Shen Y, Nagasaka T,
Lozano JJ, Boland CR and Goel A: Fecal microRNAs as novel
biomarkers for colon cancer screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev. 19:1766–1774. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
108
|
Zhu Y, Xu A, Li J, Fu J, Wang G, Yang Y,
Cui L and Sun J: Fecal miR-29a and miR-224 as the noninvasive
biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark. 16:259–264. 2016.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
109
|
Masuda T, Hayashi N, Kuroda Y, Ito S,
Eguchi H and Mimori K: MicroRNAs as biomarkers in colorectal
cancer. Cancers (Basel). 9:1242017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
110
|
Edge SB and Compton CC: The American Joint
Committee on Cancer: The 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging
Manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 17:1471–1474. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
111
|
Perez RO, Bresciani BH, Bresciani C,
Proscurshim I, Kiss D, Gama-Rodrigues J, Pereira DD, Rawet V,
Cecconnello I and Habr-Gama A: Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma:
Influence of mucin expression (Muc1, 2 and 5) on
clinico-pathological features and prognosis. Int J Colorectal Dis.
23:757–765. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
112
|
Wang S, Zhou J, Wang XY, Hao JM, Chen JZ,
Zhang XM, Jin H, Liu L, Zhang YF, Liu J, et al: Down-regulated
expression of SATB2 is associated with metastasis and poor
prognosis in colorectal cancer. J Pathol. 219:114–122. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
113
|
Eberhard J, Gaber A, Wangefjord S, Nodin
B, Uhlén M, Lindquist Ericson K and Jirström K: A cohort study of
the prognostic and treatment predictive value of SATB2 expression
in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 106:931–938. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
114
|
Bae JM, Lee TH, Cho NY, Kim TY and Kang
GH: Loss of CDX2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in
colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol. 21:1457–1467.
2015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
115
|
Falchook GS and Kurzrock R: VEGF and
dual-EGFR inhibition in colorectal cancer. Cell Cycle.
14:1129–1130. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
116
|
Li D, Yan D, Tang H, Zhou C, Fan J, Li S,
Wang X, Xia J, Huang F, Qiu G and Peng Z: IMP3 is a novel
prognostic marker that correlates with colon cancer progression and
pathogenesis. Ann Surg Oncol. 16:3499–3506. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
117
|
Takahashi H, Ishikawa T, Ishiguro M,
Okazaki S, Mogushi K, Kobayashi H, Iida S, Mizushima H, Tanaka H,
Uetake H and Sugihara K: Prognostic significance of Traf2- and
Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer.
15:7942015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
118
|
Spandidos DA, Glarakis IS, Kotsinas A,
Ergazaki M and Kiaris H: Ras oncogene activation in benign and
malignant colorectal tumours. Tumori. 81 Suppl:7–11. 1995.
|
|
119
|
Kiaris H and Spandidos D: Mutations of ras
genes in human tumors (Review). Int J Oncol. 7:413–421. 1995.
|
|
120
|
Rui YY, Zhang D, Zhou ZG, Wang C, Yang L,
Yu YY and Chen HN: Can K-ras gene mutation be utilized as
prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer patients receiving
chemotherapy? A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One.
8:e779012013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
121
|
Andreyev HJN, Norman AR, Cunningham D,
Oates JR and Clarke PA: Kirsten ras mutations in patients with
colorectal cancer: The multicenter ‘RASCAL’ study. J Natl Cancer
Inst. 90:675–684. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
122
|
Andreyev HJN, Norman AR, Cunningham D,
Oates J, Dix BR, Iacopetta BJ, Young J, Walsh T, Ward R, Hawkins N,
et al: Kirsten ras mutations in patients with colorectal cancer:
The ‘RASCAL II’ study. Br J Cancer. 85:692–696. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
123
|
Wang Y, Velho S, Vakiani E, Peng S, Bass
AJ, Chu GC, Gierut J, Bugni JM, Der CJ, Philips M, et al: Mutant
N-RAS protects colorectal cancer cells from stress-induced
apoptosis and contributes to cancer development and progression.
Cancer Discov. 3:294–307. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
124
|
Russo A, Bazan V, Iacopetta B, Kerr D,
Soussi T and Gebbia N: TP53-CRC Collaborative Study Group: The TP53
colorectal cancer international collaborative study on the
prognostic and predictive significance of p53 mutation: Influence
of tumor site, type of mutation, and adjuvant treatment. J Clin
Oncol. 23:7518–7528. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
125
|
French AJ, Sargent DJ, Burgart LJ, Foster
NR, Kabat BF, Goldberg R, Shepherd L, Windschitl HE and Thibodeau
SN: Prognostic significance of defective mismatch repair and BRAF
V600E in patients with colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 14:3408–3415.
2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
126
|
Toon CW, Chou A, DeSilva K, Chan J,
Patterson J, Clarkson A, Sioson L, Jankova L and Gill AJ: BRAFV600E
immunohistochemistry in conjunction with mismatch repair status
predicts survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol.
27:644–650. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
127
|
Zlobec I, Bihl MP, Schwarb H, Terracciano
L and Lugli A: Clinicopathological and protein characterization of
BRAF- and K-RAS-mutated colorectal cancer and implications for
prognosis. Int J Cancer. 127:367–380. 2010.
|
|
128
|
Ogino S, Shima K, Meyerhardt JA, McCleary
NJ, Ng K, Hollis D, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Schaefer P, Whittom R, et
al: Predictive and prognostic roles of BRAF mutation in stage III
colon cancer: Results from intergroup trial CALGB 89803. Clin
Cancer Res. 18:890–900. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
129
|
Gryfe R, Kim H, Hsieh ET, Aronson MD,
Holowaty EJ, Bull SB, Redston M and Gallinger S: Tumor
microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients
with colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 342:69–77. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
130
|
Ribic CM, Sargent DJ, Moore MJ, Thibodeau
SN, French AJ, Goldberg RM, Hamilton SR, Laurent-Puig P, Gryfe R,
Shepherd LE, et al: Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a
predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy
for colon cancer. N Engl J Med. 349:247–257. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
131
|
Schee K, Boye K, Abrahamsen TW, Fodstad Ø
and Flatmark K: Clinical relevance of microRNA miR-21, miR-31,
miR-92a, miR-101, miR-106a and miR-145 in colorectal cancer. BMC
Cancer. 12:5052012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
132
|
Xuan Y, Yang H, Zhao L, Lau WB, Lau B, Ren
N, Hu Y, Yi T, Zhao X, Zhou S and Wei Y: MicroRNAs in colorectal
cancer: Small molecules with big functions. Cancer Lett.
360:89–105. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
133
|
Shen WW, Zeng Z, Zhu WX and Fu GH:
MiR-142-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting CD133,
ABCG2, and Lgr5 in colon cancer cells. J Mol Med (Berl).
91:989–1000. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
134
|
Liu X, Wang Y and Zhao J: MicroRNA-337
inhibits colorectal cancer progression by directly targeting KRAS
and suppressing the AKT and ERK pathways. Oncol Rep. 38:3187–3196.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
135
|
Wen L, Li Y, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Yang B and
Han F: miR-944 inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting
MACC1 in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep. 37:3415–3422. 2017.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
136
|
Dai H, Hou K, Cai Z, Zhou Q and Zhu S:
Low-level miR-646 in colorectal cancer inhibits cell proliferation
and migration by targeting NOB1 expression. Oncol Lett.
14:6708–6714. 2017.
|
|
137
|
Xu Y, Chen J, Gao C, Zhu D, Xu X, Wu C and
Jiang J: MicroRNA-497 inhibits tumor growth through targeting
insulin receptor substrate 1 in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett.
14:6379–6386. 2017.
|
|
138
|
Yang IP, Tsai HL, Miao ZF, Huang CW, Kuo
CH, Wu JY, Wang WM, Juo SH and Wang JY: Development of a
deregulating microRNA panel for the detection of early relapse in
postoperative colorectal cancer patients. J Transl Med. 14:1082016.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
139
|
Bovell LC, Shanmugam C, Putcha BD,
Katkoori VR, Zhang B, Bae S, Singh KP, Grizzle WE and Manne U: The
prognostic value of microRNAs varies with patient race/ethnicity
and stage of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 19:3955–3965.
2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
140
|
Peng Q, Zhang X, Min M, Zou L, Shen P and
Zhu Y: The clinical role of microRNA-21 as a promising biomarker in
the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 8:44893–44909. 2017.
|
|
141
|
Cao J, Yan XR, Liu T, Han XB, Yu JJ, Liu
SH and Wang LB: MicroRNA-552 promotes tumor cell proliferation and
migration by directly targeting DACH1 via the Wnt/β-catenin
signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 14:3795–3802.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
142
|
Cheng D, Zhao S, Tang H, Zhang D, Sun H,
Yu F, Jiang W, Yue B, Wang J, Zhang M, et al: MicroRNA-20a-5p
promotes colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by
downregulating Smad4. Oncotarget. 7:45199–45213. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
143
|
Fukushima Y, Iinuma H, Tsukamoto M,
Matsuda K and Hashiguchi Y: Clinical significance of microRNA-21 as
a biomarker in each Dukes' stage of colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep.
33:573–582. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
144
|
Shibuya H, Iinuma H, Shimada R, Horiuchi A
and Watanabe T: Clinicopathological and prognostic value of
microRNA-21 and microRNA-155 in colorectal cancer. Oncology.
79:313–320. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
145
|
Wang LG and Gu J: Serum microRNA-29a is a
promising novel marker for early detection of colorectal liver
metastasis. Cancer Epidemiol. 36:e61–e67. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
146
|
He PY, Yip WK, Chai BL, Chai BY, Jabar MF,
Dusa N, Mohtarrudin N and Seow HF: Inhibition of cell migration and
invasion by miR 29a 3p in a colorectal cancer cell line through
suppression of CDC42BPA mRNA expression. Oncol Rep. 38:3554–3566.
2017.
|
|
147
|
Lv ZC, Fan YS, Chen HB and Zhao DW:
Investigation of microRNA-155 as a serum diagnostic and prognostic
biomarker for colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol. 36:1619–1625. 2015.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
148
|
Zhao J, Xu J and Zhang R: MicroRNA-411
inhibits malignant biological behaviours of colorectal cancer cells
by directly targeting PIK3R3. Oncol Rep. 39:633–642. 2018.
|
|
149
|
Park YJ, Park KJ, Park JG, Lee KU, Choe KJ
and Kim JP: Prognostic factors in 2230 Korean colorectal cancer
patients: Analysis of consecutively operated cases. World J Surg.
23:721–726. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
150
|
Park YJ, Youk EG, Choi HS, Han SU, Park
KJ, Lee KU, Choe KJ and Park JG: Experience of 1446 rectal cancer
patients in Korea and analysis of prognostic factors. Int J
Colorectal Dis. 14:101–106. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
151
|
Wu ZY, Wan J, Zhao G, Peng L, Du JL, Yao
Y, Liu QF and Lin HH: Risk factors for local recurrence of middle
and lower rectal carcinoma after curative resection. World J
Gastroenterol. 14:4805–4809. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
152
|
Locker GY, Hamilton S, Harris J, Jessup
JM, Kemeny N, Macdonald JS, Somerfield MR, Hayes DF and Bast RC Jr:
ASCO: ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor
markers in gastrointestinal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 24:5313–5327.
2006. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
153
|
Ozawa T, Ishihara S, Kawai K, Nozawa H,
Yamaguchi H, Kitayama J and Watanabe T: Prognostic significance of
preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in patients with stage
IV colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 15:e157–e163. 2016.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
154
|
Tol J, Koopman M, Miller MC, Tibbe A, Cats
A, Creemers GJ, Vos AH, Nagtegaal ID, Terstappen LW and Punt CJ:
Circulating tumour cells early predict progression-free and overall
survival in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with
chemotherapy and targeted agents. Ann Oncol. 21:1006–1012. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
155
|
Sastre J, Maestro ML, Gómez-España A,
Rivera F, Valladares M, Massuti B, Benavides M, Gallén M, Marcuello
E, Abad A, et al: Circulating tumor cell count is a prognostic
factor in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving
first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: A Spanish Cooperative
Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumors study. Oncologist.
17:947–955. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
156
|
Dinu D, Dobre M, Panaitescu E, Bîrlă R,
Iosif C, Hoara P, Caragui A, Boeriu M, Constantinoiu S and
Ardeleanu C: Prognostic significance of KRAS gene mutations in
colorectal cancer - preliminary study. J Med Life. 7:581–587.
2014.
|
|
157
|
Peeters M, Douillard JY, Van Cutsem E,
Siena S, Zhang K, Williams R and Wiezorek J: Mutant KRAS codon 12
and 13 alleles in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer:
Assessment as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to
panitumumab. J Clin Oncol. 31:759–765. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
158
|
De Roock W, Jonker DJ, Di Nicolantonio F,
Sartore-Bianchi A, Tu D, Siena S, Lamba S, Arena S, Frattini M,
Piessevaux H, et al: Association of KRAS p.G13D mutation with
outcome in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic
colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. JAMA. 304:1812–1820.
2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
159
|
Hecht JR, Douillard JY, Schwartzberg L,
Grothey A, Kopetz S, Rong A, Oliner KS and Sidhu R: Extended RAS
analysis for anti-epidermal growth factor therapy in patients with
metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 41:653–659. 2015.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
160
|
Rajagopalan H, Bardelli A, Lengauer C,
Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B and Velculescu VE: Tumorigenesis: RAF/RAS
oncogenes and mismatch-repair status. Nature. 418:9342002.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
161
|
Toon CW, Walsh MD, Chou A, Capper D,
Clarkson A, Sioson L, Clarke S, Mead S, Walters RJ, Clendenning M,
et al: BRAFV600E immunohistochemistry facilitates universal
screening of colorectal cancers for Lynch syndrome. Am J Surg
Pathol. 37:1592–1602. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
162
|
Kuan SF, Navina S, Cressman KL and Pai RK:
Immunohistochemical detection of BRAF V600E mutant protein using
the VE1 antibody in colorectal carcinoma is highly concordant with
molecular testing but requires rigorous antibody optimization. Hum
Pathol. 45:464–472. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
163
|
De Roock W, Claes B, Bernasconi D, De
Schutter J, Biesmans B, Fountzilas G, Kalogeras KT, Kotoula V,
Papamichael D, Laurent-Puig P, et al: Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS,
and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy
in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: A
retrospective consortium analysis. Lancet Oncol. 11:753–762. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
164
|
Popat S, Hubner R and Houlston RS:
Systematic review of microsatellite instability and colorectal
cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 23:609–618. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
165
|
Sargent DJ, Marsoni S, Thibodeau SN,
Labianca R, Hamilton SR, Torri V, Monges G, Ribic C, Grothey A and
Gallinger S: Confirmation of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) as a
predictive marker for lack of benefit from 5-FU based chemotherapy
in stage II and III colon cancer (CC): A pooled molecular
reanalysis of randomized chemotherapy trials. J Clin Oncol. 26 15
suppl:40082008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
166
|
Jover R, Zapater P, Castells A, Llor X,
Andreu M, Cubiella J, Balaguer F, Sempere L, Xicola RM, Bujanda L,
et al: Gastrointestinal Oncology Group of the Spanish
Gastroenterological Association: The efficacy of adjuvant
chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer depends on
the mismatch repair status. Eur J Cancer. 45:365–373. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
167
|
Pohl A, El-Khoueiry A, Yang D, Zhang W,
Lurje G, Ning Y, Winder T, Hu-Lieskoven S, Iqbal S, Danenberg KD,
et al: Pharmacogenetic profiling of CD133 is associated with
response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients
with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), treated with
bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. Pharmacogenomics J. 13:173–180.
2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
168
|
Ong CW, Kim LG, Kong HH, Low LY, Iacopetta
B, Soong R and Salto-Tellez M: CD133 expression predicts for
non-response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol.
23:450–457. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
169
|
Nakamura TM, Morin GB, Chapman KB,
Weinrich SL, Andrews WH, Lingner J, Harley CB and Cech TR:
Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human.
Science. 277:955–959. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
170
|
Wu X, Amos CI, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Grossman BH,
Shay JW, Luo S, Hong WK and Spitz MR: Telomere dysfunction: a
potential cancer predisposition factor. J Natl Cancer Inst.
95:1211–1218. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
171
|
Willeit P, Willeit J, Mayr A, Weger S,
Oberhollenzer F, Brandstätter A, Kronenberg F and Kiechl S:
Telomere length and risk of incident cancer and cancer mortality.
JAMA. 304:69–75. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
172
|
Calado RT and Young NS: Telomere diseases.
N Engl J Med. 361:2353–2365. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
173
|
O'Sullivan J, Risques RA, Mandelson MT,
Chen L, Brentnall TA, Bronner MP, Macmillan MP, Feng Z, Siebert JR,
Potter JD and Rabinovitch PS: Telomere length in the colon declines
with age: A relation to colorectal cancer? Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 15:573–577. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
174
|
Raynaud CM, Jang SJ, Nuciforo P,
Lantuejoul S, Brambilla E, Mounier N, Olaussen KA, André F, Morat
L, Sabatier L and Soria JC: Telomere shortening is correlated with
the DNA damage response and telomeric protein down-regulation in
colorectal preneoplastic lesions. Ann Oncol. 19:1875–1881. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
175
|
Aghagolzadeh P and Radpour R: New trends
in molecular and cellular biomarker discovery for colorectal
cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 22:5678–5693. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
176
|
Fernández-Marcelo T, Sánchez-Pernaute A,
Pascua I, De Juan C, Head J, Torres-García A-J and Iniesta P:
Clinical relevance of telomere status and telomerase activity in
colorectal cancer. PLoS One. 11:e01496262016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
177
|
Gertler R, Rosenberg R, Stricker D,
Friederichs J, Hoos A, Werner M, Ulm K, Holzmann B, Nekarda H and
Siewert JR: Telomere length and human telomerase reverse
transcriptase expression as markers for progression and prognosis
of colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 22:1807–1814. 2004.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
178
|
Norppa H and Falck GC: What do human
micronuclei contain? Mutagenesis. 18:221–233. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
179
|
Farhadi S and Mohamadi M and Mohamadi M:
Repair index in examination of nuclear changes in the buccal mucosa
of smokers: a useful method for screening of oral cancer. Asian Pac
J Cancer Prev. 18:3087–3090. 2017.
|
|
180
|
El-Zein RA, Abdel-Rahman S, Santee KJ, Yu
R and Shete S: Identification of small and non-small cell lung
cancer markers in peripheral blood using cytokinesis-blocked
micronucleus and spectral karyotyping assays. Cytogenet Genome Res.
152:122–131. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
181
|
Maffei F, Moraga Zolezzi JM, Angelini S,
Zenesini C, Musti M, Festi D, Cantelli-Forti G and Hrelia P:
Micronucleus frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes as a
biomarker for the early detection of colorectal cancer risk.
Mutagenesis. 29:221–225. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
182
|
Karaman A, Binici DN, Kabalar ME and
Calikuşu Z: Micronucleus analysis in patients with colorectal
adenocarcinoma and colorectal polyps. World J Gastroenterol.
14:6835–6839. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
183
|
Ravegnini G, Moraga Zolezzi JM, Maffei F,
Musti M, Zenesini C, Simeon V, Sammarini G, Festi D, Hrelia P and
Angelini S: Simultaneous analysis of SEPT9 promoter methylation
status, micronuclei frequency, and folate-related gene
polymorphisms: The potential for a novel blood-based colorectal
cancer biomarker. Int J Mol Sci. 16:28486–284897. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
184
|
Ionescu EM, Nicolaie T, Ionescu MA,
Becheanu G, Andrei F, Diculescu M and Ciocirlan M: Predictive
cytogenetic biomarkers for colorectal neoplasia in medium risk
patients. J Med Life. 8:398–403. 2015.
|
|
185
|
Kronborg O, Jørgensen OD, Fenger C and
Rasmussen M: Randomized study of biennial screening with a faecal
occult blood test: Results after nine screening rounds. Scand J
Gastroenterol. 39:846–851. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
186
|
Scholefield JH, Moss S, Sufi F, Mangham CM
and Hardcastle JD: Effect of faecal occult blood screening on
mortality from colorectal cancer: Results from a randomised
controlled trial. Gut. 50:840–844. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
187
|
Health Quality Ontario, . Fecal occult
blood test for colorectal cancer screening: An evidence-based
analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 9:1–40. 2009.
|
|
188
|
Dancourt V, Lejeune C, Lepage C, Gailliard
MC, Meny B and Faivre J: Immunochemical faecal occult blood tests
are superior to guaiac-based tests for the detection of colorectal
neoplasms. Eur J Cancer. 44:2254–2258. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
189
|
Faivre J, Dancourt V, Denis B, Dorval E,
Piette C, Perrin P, Bidan JM, Jard C, Jung S, Levillain R, et al:
Comparison between a guaiac and three immunochemical faecal occult
blood tests in screening for colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer.
48:2969–2976. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
190
|
Lin JS, Piper MA, Perdue LA, Rutter CM,
Webber EM, O'Connor E, Smith N and Whitlock EP: Screening for
colorectal cancer: Updated evidence report and systematic review
for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 315:2576–2594.
2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
191
|
Koo S, Neilson LJ, Von Wagner C and Rees
CJ: The NHS bowel cancer screening program: Current perspectives on
strategies for improvement. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 10:177–187.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
192
|
Moss S, Mathews C, Day TJ, Smith S, Seaman
HE, Snowball J and Halloran SP: Increased uptake and improved
outcomes of bowel cancer screening with a faecal immunochemical
test: Results from a pilot study within the national screening
programme in England. Gut. 66:1631–1644. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
193
|
Rozen P, Levi Z, Hazazi R, Waked A, Vilkin
A, Maoz E, Birkenfeld S and Niv Y: Quantitative colonoscopic
evaluation of relative efficiencies of an immunochemical faecal
occult blood test and a sensitive guaiac test for detecting
significant colorectal neoplasms. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
29:450–457. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
194
|
Hoffman RM, Steel S, Yee EFT, Massie L,
Schrader RM and Murata GH: Colorectal cancer screening adherence is
higher with fecal immunochemical tests than guaiac-based fecal
occult blood tests: A randomized, controlled trial. Prev Med.
50:297–299. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
195
|
Brenner H and Tao S: Superior diagnostic
performance of faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin in a
head-to-head comparison with guaiac based faecal occult blood test
among 2235 participants of screening colonoscopy. Eur J Cancer.
49:3049–3054. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
196
|
Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ali MU, Warren R,
Kenny M, Sherifali D and Raina P: Screening for colorectal cancer:
A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer.
15:298–313. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
197
|
Murphy J, Halloran S and Gray A:
Cost-effectiveness of the faecal immunochemical test at a range of
positivity thresholds compared with the guaiac faecal occult blood
test in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in England. BMJ
Open. 7:e0171862017. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
198
|
Lee JK, Liles EG, Bent S, Levin TR and
Corley DA: Accuracy of fecal immunochemical tests for colorectal
cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med.
160:1712014. View Article : Google Scholar
|
