Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
July-2018 Volume 40 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2018 Volume 40 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Jing Xin
    • Senhao Wang
    • Luwei Zhang
    • Bo Xin
    • Yulu He
    • Jing Wang
    • Sijia Wang
    • Lijian Shen
    • Zhenxi Zhang
    • Cuiping Yao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China, Xi'an Fanyi University, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710105, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 165-178
    |
    Published online on: May 16, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6438
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Limited cellular delivery and internalization efficiency of Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (AlPcS4) induce poor penetration ability in cells and a slight photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect on gastric cancer. The combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents may provide a promising treatment strategy to increase the weak delivery efficiency of AlPcS4, reducing the dose of chemical agents without reducing efficacy, and improving apoptosis‑inducing abilities, thereby increasing the antitumor effects and decreasing the noxious side effects on gastric cancer. We investigated and compared the synergistic antitumor growth effect on gastric cancer cells by combining AlPcS4/PDT treatment with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents, namely, 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU), doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), and vincristine (VCR). The inhibitory effect was increased in treatments that combined AlPcS4/PDT with all the aforementioned low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents, to a different extent. An evident synergistic effect was obtained in the combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low‑dose 5‑FU, DOX, and MMC by increasing AlPcS4 intracellular uptake ability, improving apoptosis‑inducing abilities, and prolonging apoptosis‑inducing time. The low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents prolonged the apoptosis‑inducing period of AlPcS4/PDT, and AlPcS4/PDT quickly improved apoptosis‑inducing abilities of chemotherapy even at low doses. Generally, the combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents had significant antitumor growth effects in addition to a low dark‑cytotoxicity effect on gastric cancer, thereby representing an effective and feasible therapy method for gastric cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

View References

1 

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Dougherty TJ, Gomer CJ, Henderson BW, Jori G, Kessel D, Korbelik M, Moan J and Peng Q: Photodynamic therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 90:889–905. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Vrouenraets MB, Visser GW, Snow GB and van Dongen GA: Basic principles, applications in oncology and improved selectivity of photodynamic therapy. Anticancer Res. 23:505–522. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Shafirstein G, Battoo A, Harris K, Baumann H, Gollnick SO, Lindenmann J and Nwogu CE: Photodynamic therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Narrative review and future directions. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 13:265–275. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Moor AC: Signaling pathways in cell death and survival after photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B. 57:1–13. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Rigual NR, Shafirstein G, Frustino J, Seshadri M, Cooper M, Wilding G, Sullivan MA and Henderson B: Adjuvant intraoperative photodynamic therapy in head and neck cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 139:706–711. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lucena SR, Salazar N, Gracia-Cazaña T, Zamarrón A, González S, Juarranz Á and Gilaberte Y: Combined treatments with photodynamic therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 16:25912–25933. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Zimmermann A, Ritsch-Marte M and Kostron H: mTHPC-mediated photodynamic diagnosis of malignant brain tumors. Photochem Photobiol. 74:611–616. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Wang GD, Nguyen HT, Chen H, Cox PB, Wang L, Nagata K, Hao Z, Wang A, Li Z and Xie J: X-Ray induced photodynamic therapy: A combination of radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Theranostics. 6:2295–2305. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Luo D, Carter KA, Miranda D and Lovell JF: Chemophototherapy: An emerging treatment option for solid tumors. Adv Sci. 4:16001062017. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Rosenthal I: Phthalocyanines as photodynamic sensitizers. Photochem Photobiol. 53:859–870. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Samuni A, Samuni A and Swartz HM: Evaluation of dibromonitrosobenzene sulfonate as a spin trap in biological systems. Free Radic Biol Med. 7:37–43. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

da Silva NS, Ribeiro Cde M, Machado AH and Pacheco-Soares C: Ultrastructural changes in Tritrichomonas foetus after treatments with AlPcS4 and photodynamic therapy. Vet Parasitol. 146:175–181. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Derycke AS, Kamuhabwa A, Gijsens A, Roskams T, De Vos D, Kasran A, Huwyler J, Missiaen L and de Witte PA: Transferrin-conjugated liposome targeting of photosensitizer AlPcS4 to rat bladder carcinoma cells. J Natl Cancer Instit. 96:1620–1630. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Plaetzer K, Kiesslich T, Krammer B and Hammerl P: Characterization of the cell death modes and the associated changes in cellular energy supply in response to AlPcS4-PDT. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 1:172–177. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Gijsens A, Derycke A, Missiaen L, De Vos D, Huwyler J, Eberle A and de Witte P: Targeting of the photocytotoxic compound AlPcS4 to Hela cells by transferrin conjugated PEG-liposomes. Int J Cancer. 101:78–85. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Rück A, Heckelsmiller K, Kaufmann R, Grossman N, Haseroth E and Akgün N: Light-induced apoptosis involves a defined sequence of cytoplasmic and nuclear calcium release in AlPcS4-photosensitized rat bladder RR 1022 epithelial cells. Photochem Photobiol. 72:210–216. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Moor AC, Wagenaars-van Gompel AE, Hermanns RC, van der Meulen J, Smit J, Wilschut J, Brand A, Dubbelman TM and VanSteveninck J: Inhibition of various steps in the replication cycle of vesicular stomatitis virus contributes to its photoinactivation by AlPcS4 or Pc4 and red light. Photochem Photobiol. 69:353–359. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Peng Q, Moan J, Farrants GW, Danielsen HE and Rimington C: Location of P-II and AlPCS4 in human tumor LOX in vitro and in vivo by means of computer-enhanced video fluorescence microscopy. Cancer Lett. 58:37–47. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Longley DB, Harkin DP and Johnston PG: 5-fluorouracil: Mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer. 3:330–338. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ottewell PD, Woodward JK, Lefley DV, Evans CA, Coleman RE and Holen I: Anticancer mechanisms of doxorubicin and zoledronic acid in breast cancer tumor growth in bone. Mol Cancer Ther. 8:2821–2832. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Dasari S and Tchounwou PB: Cisplatin in cancer therapy: Molecular mechanisms of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 740:364–378. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Li NY, Chen F, Dikkers FG and Thibeault SL: Dose-dependent effect of mitomycin C on human vocal fold fibroblasts. Head Neck. 36:401–410. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Mohammadgholi A, Rabbani-Chadegani A and Fallah S: Mechanism of the interaction of plant alkaloid vincristine with DNA and chromatin: Spectroscopic study. DNA Cell Biol. 32:228–235. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhang D and Fan D: Multidrug resistance in gastric cancer: Recent research advances and ongoing therapeutic challenges. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 7:1369–1378. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Castano AP, Mroz P, Wu MX and Hamblin MR: Photodynamic therapy plus low-dose cyclophosphamide generates antitumor immunity in a mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:5495–5500. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chibber S, Hassan I, Farhan M, Salman M and Naseem I: White light augments chemotherapeutic potential of cyclophosphamide: An in vitro study. Biometals. 26:23–31. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wei XQ, Ma HQ, Liu AH and Zhang YZ: Synergistic anticancer activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in combination with low-dose cisplatin on Hela cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14:3023–3028. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Broekgaarden M, Weijer R, van Gulik TM, Hamblin MR and Heger M: Tumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: A molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 34:643–690. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Farooqi AA, Li KT, Fayyaz S, Chang YT, Ismail M, Liaw CC, Yuan SS, Tang JY and Chang HW: Anticancer drugs for the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Tumour Biol. 36:5743–5752. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Gantchev TG, Brasseur N and van Lier JE: Combination toxicity of etoposide (VP-16) and photosensitisation with a water-soluble aluminium phthalocyanine in K562 human leukaemic cells. Br J Cancer. 74:1570–1577. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Nonaka M, Ikeda H and Inokuchi T: Effect of combined photodynamic and chemotherapeutic treatment on lymphoma cells in vitro. Cancer Lett. 184:171–178. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Datta SN, Allman R, Loh C, Mason M and Matthews PN: Effect of photodynamic therapy in combination with mitomycin C on a mitomycin-resistant bladder cancer cell line. Br J Cancer. 76:312–317. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Martin G: Prospective, case-based assessment of sequential therapy with topical Fluorouracil cream 0.5% and ALA-PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 10:372–378. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Dima VF, Mihăilescu IN, Dima SV, Chivu L, Stirbeţ M, Udrea M and Popa A: Studies of the effects of associated photodynamic therapy and drugs on macromolecular synthesis of tumoral cells grown in vitro. Arch Roum Pathol Exp Microbiol. 49:155–175. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Crescenzi E, Varriale L, Iovino M, Chiaviello A, Veneziani BM and Palumbo G: Photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green complements and enhances low-dose cisplatin cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 3:537–544. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Day T and Read AF: Does high-dose antimicrobial chemotherapy prevent the evolution of resistance? PLoS Comput Biol. 12:e10046892016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Ron D and Walter P: Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8:519–529. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Fogg VC, Lanning NJ and Mackeigan JP: Mitochondria in cancer: At the crossroads of life and death. Chin J Cancer. 30:526–539. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Buytaert E, Dewaele M and Agostinis P: Molecular effectors of multiple cell death pathways initiated by photodynamic therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1776:86–107. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Ott M, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S and Zhivotovsky B: Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Apoptosis. 12:913–922. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Xu C, Bailly-Maitre B and Reed JC: Endoplasmic reticulum stress: Cell life and death decisions. J Clin Invest. 115:2656–2664. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xin J, Wang S, Zhang L, Xin B, He Y, Wang J, Wang S, Shen L, Zhang Z, Yao C, Yao C, et al: Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 40: 165-178, 2018.
APA
Xin, J., Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xin, B., He, Y., Wang, J. ... Yao, C. (2018). Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 40, 165-178. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6438
MLA
Xin, J., Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xin, B., He, Y., Wang, J., Wang, S., Shen, L., Zhang, Z., Yao, C."Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 40.1 (2018): 165-178.
Chicago
Xin, J., Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xin, B., He, Y., Wang, J., Wang, S., Shen, L., Zhang, Z., Yao, C."Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 40, no. 1 (2018): 165-178. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6438
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xin J, Wang S, Zhang L, Xin B, He Y, Wang J, Wang S, Shen L, Zhang Z, Yao C, Yao C, et al: Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 40: 165-178, 2018.
APA
Xin, J., Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xin, B., He, Y., Wang, J. ... Yao, C. (2018). Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 40, 165-178. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6438
MLA
Xin, J., Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xin, B., He, Y., Wang, J., Wang, S., Shen, L., Zhang, Z., Yao, C."Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 40.1 (2018): 165-178.
Chicago
Xin, J., Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xin, B., He, Y., Wang, J., Wang, S., Shen, L., Zhang, Z., Yao, C."Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 40, no. 1 (2018): 165-178. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6438
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team