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Article

Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells

  • Authors:
    • Chin‑Fu Chen
    • Jai‑Sing Yang
    • Wen‑Kang Chen
    • Chi‑Cheng Lu
    • Jo‑Hua Chiang
    • Hong‑Yi Chiu
    • Shih‑Chang Tsai
    • Yu‑Ning Juan
    • Hao‑Jen Huang
    • Tzong‑Der Way
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Applied Cosmetology, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan 70043, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Nursing, Chung Jen Catholic Junior College, Chiayi 62241, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.
  • Pages: 1752-1760
    |
    Published online on: June 27, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6530
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Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide; it also demonstrates chemotherapeutic resistance. Triterpenoid ursolic acid has been shown to exhibit various biological activities and anticancer effects in several preclinical studies. In our previous study, human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells were established, and the present study aimed to further examine the effects of ursolic acid on CAR cells. The results revealed that ursolic acid inhibited CAR cell viability, as determined using a 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Ursolic acid‑induced cell death was mediated through a caspase‑dependent pathway, determined with the pan‑caspase inhibitor, z‑VAD‑fmk. Ursolic acid also increased the activities of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 in CAR cells, determined by a colorimetric assay. Specifically, the production of reactive oxygen species and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, detected by flow cytometry, were observed in the ursolic acid‑treated CAR cells. The apoptosis‑associated signaling showed that ursolic acid decreased the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated agonist of cell death (BAD; Ser136), and the protein levels of Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑extra large (Bcl‑xL), and increased the expression of BAD and Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) protein in CAR cells. In summary, the results supported the potential application of ursolic acid against drug‑resistant oral carcinoma and to improve oral anticancer efficacy in the near future.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen CF, Yang JS, Chen WK, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chiu HY, Tsai SC, Juan YN, Huang HJ, Way TD, Way TD, et al: Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells. Oncol Rep 40: 1752-1760, 2018.
APA
Chen, C., Yang, J., Chen, W., Lu, C., Chiang, J., Chiu, H. ... Way, T. (2018). Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells. Oncology Reports, 40, 1752-1760. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6530
MLA
Chen, C., Yang, J., Chen, W., Lu, C., Chiang, J., Chiu, H., Tsai, S., Juan, Y., Huang, H., Way, T."Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells". Oncology Reports 40.3 (2018): 1752-1760.
Chicago
Chen, C., Yang, J., Chen, W., Lu, C., Chiang, J., Chiu, H., Tsai, S., Juan, Y., Huang, H., Way, T."Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells". Oncology Reports 40, no. 3 (2018): 1752-1760. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6530
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen CF, Yang JS, Chen WK, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chiu HY, Tsai SC, Juan YN, Huang HJ, Way TD, Way TD, et al: Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells. Oncol Rep 40: 1752-1760, 2018.
APA
Chen, C., Yang, J., Chen, W., Lu, C., Chiang, J., Chiu, H. ... Way, T. (2018). Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells. Oncology Reports, 40, 1752-1760. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6530
MLA
Chen, C., Yang, J., Chen, W., Lu, C., Chiang, J., Chiu, H., Tsai, S., Juan, Y., Huang, H., Way, T."Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells". Oncology Reports 40.3 (2018): 1752-1760.
Chicago
Chen, C., Yang, J., Chen, W., Lu, C., Chiang, J., Chiu, H., Tsai, S., Juan, Y., Huang, H., Way, T."Ursolic acid elicits intrinsic apoptotic machinery by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT/BAD signaling in human cisplatin‑resistant oral cancer CAR cells". Oncology Reports 40, no. 3 (2018): 1752-1760. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6530
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