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Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer

  • Authors:
    • Yoko Kataoka
    • Yasuhiko Ohshio
    • Koji Teramoto
    • Tomoyuki Igarashi
    • Tohru Asai
    • Jun Hanaoka
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520‑2192, Japan, Department of Medical Oncology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520‑2192, Japan
    Copyright: © Kataoka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 853-862
    |
    Published online on: December 7, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6915
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Abstract

Galectin‑3 plays crucial roles in tumor progression. However, in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it remains unclear whether the hypoxic tumor microenvironment enhances galectin‑3‑induced cell motility. We investigated galectin‑3 expression in NSCLC cells under hypoxia, and the possible molecular mechanisms by which galectin‑3 influences tumor aggressiveness. Galectin‑3 levels in NSCLC cell lines under hypoxia were assessed using reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. To clarify the role of endogenous galectin‑3, the effect of galectin‑3 knockdown in NSCLC cells was investigated using scratch and invasion assays. The expression and clinicopathological significance of galectin‑3 in 57 patients with pN0M0 invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Both mRNA and protein levels of galectin‑3 in the NSCLC cell lines A549 and LK‑2 were upregulated by hypoxia. As revealed by scratch and invasion assays, the cell migratory and invasive activities were significantly increased under hypoxia, but were reduced by galectin‑3 knockdown. Notably, addition of galectin‑3 to the media did not improve the cell motility impaired by galectin‑3 knockdown. To clarify the role of endogenous galectin‑3 in the enhancement of tumor cell motility under hypoxia, we focused on the function of RhoA. RhoA level in the plasma membrane, but not in the cytoplasm, was increased under hypoxia and decreased by galectin‑3 knockdown. RhoA activity was significantly enhanced under hypoxia and effectively inhibited by galectin‑3 knockdown. In patients with pN0M0 invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma, higher galectin‑3 expression on tumor cells was significantly associated with tumor cell invasion into microvessels and tumor recurrence after surgery. These data demonstrate that in NSCLC cells under hypoxia, upregulated galectin‑3 levels increase the localization of RhoA to the plasma membrane, thus enhancing RhoA activity, which is associated with aggressive cell motility. In pN0M0 invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma, galectin‑3 is a potential biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence after radical surgery.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kataoka Y, Ohshio Y, Teramoto K, Igarashi T, Asai T and Hanaoka J: Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 41: 853-862, 2019.
APA
Kataoka, Y., Ohshio, Y., Teramoto, K., Igarashi, T., Asai, T., & Hanaoka, J. (2019). Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncology Reports, 41, 853-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6915
MLA
Kataoka, Y., Ohshio, Y., Teramoto, K., Igarashi, T., Asai, T., Hanaoka, J."Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Reports 41.2 (2019): 853-862.
Chicago
Kataoka, Y., Ohshio, Y., Teramoto, K., Igarashi, T., Asai, T., Hanaoka, J."Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Reports 41, no. 2 (2019): 853-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6915
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Kataoka Y, Ohshio Y, Teramoto K, Igarashi T, Asai T and Hanaoka J: Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 41: 853-862, 2019.
APA
Kataoka, Y., Ohshio, Y., Teramoto, K., Igarashi, T., Asai, T., & Hanaoka, J. (2019). Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncology Reports, 41, 853-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6915
MLA
Kataoka, Y., Ohshio, Y., Teramoto, K., Igarashi, T., Asai, T., Hanaoka, J."Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Reports 41.2 (2019): 853-862.
Chicago
Kataoka, Y., Ohshio, Y., Teramoto, K., Igarashi, T., Asai, T., Hanaoka, J."Hypoxia‑induced galectin‑3 enhances RhoA function to activate the motility of tumor cells in non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Reports 41, no. 2 (2019): 853-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6915
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