Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
June-2019 Volume 41 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2019 Volume 41 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells

  • Authors:
    • Pei‑Bin Lin
    • Juan Shen
    • Pei‑Yu Ou
    • Ling‑Yan Liu
    • Zhi‑Yu Chen
    • Fu‑Jiang Chu
    • Jie Wang
    • Xiao‑Bao Jin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3377-3385
    |
    Published online on: April 2, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7089
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Serratia marcescens are considered to be abundant and optimal resources for obtaining prodigiosin, which can be isolated from soil, water, plants and air but rarely from insects. In the present study, a strain of Serratia marcescens named WA12‑1‑18 was isolated from the gut of Periplaneta americana, which was capable of producing high levels of pigment reaching 2.77 g/l via solid fermentation and was identified as prodigiosin by ultraviolet, high performance liquid chromatography (LC), Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy, LC‑mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The apoptotic tumor cells treated with prodigiosin were examined by 4',6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole (DAPI) staining assays and transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry (FCM) was utilized to measure the apoptotic rate with Annexin V staining and the expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis, including B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) and caspase‑3 were determined by western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The experimental results revealed that prodigiosin could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and the half‑maximal inhibitory concentration values of prodigiosin in HeLa were 2.1, 1.2 and 0.5 µg/ml over 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Furthermore, DAPI staining assays and transmission electron microscopy clearly demonstrated that prodigiosin could induce HeLa cell apoptosis. FCM results revealed that the cell apoptotic rates were 19.7±1.4, 23.7±2.4 and 26.2±2.3% following the treatment with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg/ml prodigiosin for 48 h, respectively. Western blot analysis and RT‑qPCR revealed that prodigiosin could activate apoptosis‑associated molecules including Bcl‑2, Bax and caspase‑3. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that the prodigiosin could induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, which may be associated with the upregulation of Bax and caspase‑3, the concomitant downregulation of Bcl‑2 levels and also triggering the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Elkenawy NM, Yassin AS, Elhifnawy HN and Amin MA: Optimization of prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens using crude glycerol and enhancing production using gamma radiation. Biotechnol Rep. 14:47–53. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Zhang HC, Geng FN and Shen YM: The insect gut microbiota plays crucial roles in modulating the interactions between the host and intestinal pathogens. Chin J Ethnomed Ethnopharmacy. 26:57–60. 2016.

3 

Wang J: Effect of Periplaneta americana extract on H125 lung cancer cells. Chin J Public Health. 30:1400–1402. 2014.

4 

Wang J and Xin L: Effects of Periplaneta americana L. Extract on human hepatoma cells Bel-7402. Chin J Modern Appl Pharm. 29:876–880. 2012.

5 

Oh DC, Kauffman CA, Jensen PR and Fenical W: Induced production of emericellamides A and B from the marine-derived fungus emericella sp. in competing co-culture. J Nat Prod. 70:515–520. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Rastogi S, Zhang D and Davis JT: The natural product prodigiosin binds G-quadruplex DNA. Supramolecular Chem. 28:1–12. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Xia Y, Wang G, Lin X, Song X and Ai L: Solid-state fermentation with Serratia marcescens, Xd-1 enhanced production of prodigiosin by using bagasse as an inertia matrix. Annal Microbiol. 66:1239–1247. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Nakashima T, Tamura T, Kurachi M, Yamaguchi K and Oda T: Apoptosis mediated cytotoxicity of prodigiosin-like red pigment produced by gamma proteobacterium and its multiple bioactivities. Biol Pharm Bull. 28:2289–2295. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sumathi C, MohanaPriya D, Swarnalatha S, Dinesh MG and Sekaran G: Production of prodigiosin using tannery fleshing and evaluating its pharmacological effects. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:290–327. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Osei-Poku J, Mbogo CM, Palmer WJ and Jiggins FM: Deep sequencing reveals extensive variation in the gut microbiota of wild mosquitoes from Kenya. Mol Ecol. 21:5138–5150. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Suzuki N, Ohtaguro N, Yoshida Y, Hirai M, Matsuo H, Yamada YL, Imamura N and Tsuchiya T: A compound inhibits biofilm formation of staphylococcus aureus from streptomyces. Biol Pharm Bull. 38:889–892. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Douglas AE: Multiorganismal insects: Diversity and function of resident microorganisms. Annu Rev Entomol. 60:17–34. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Someya N, Nakajima M, Hamamoto H, Yamaguchi I and Akutsu K: Effects of light conditions on prodigiosin stability in the biocontrol bacterium Serratia marcescens, strain b2. J General Plant Pathol. 70:367–370. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Hassankhani R, Sam MR, Esmaeilou M and Ahangar P: Prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens alters expression of apoptosis-related genes and increases apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Med Oncol. 32:3662015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Miao L, Wang X, Jiang W, Yang S, Zhou H, Zhai Y, Zhou X and Dong K: Optimization of the culture condition for an antitumor bacterium serratia proteamacula 657 and identification of the active compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 29:855–863. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Patil CD, Patil SV, Salunke BK and Salunkhe RB: Prodigiosin produced by Serratia marcescens NMCC46 as a mosquito larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol Res. 109:1179–1187. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Marsac P, Pierard N, Porot L, Wim Van den bergh, Grenfell J, Mouillet V, Pouget S, Besamusca J, Farcas F, Gabet T, et al: Potential and limits of FTIR methods for reclaimed asphalt characterization. Materials Structures. 47:1273–1286. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Pradeep S, Sarath Josh MK, Balachandran S, Sudha Devi R, Sadasivam R, Thirugnanam PE, Doble M, Anderson RC and Benjamin S: Achromobacter denitrificans, SP1 produces pharmaceutically active 25C prodigiosin upon utilizing hazardous di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Bioresour Technol. 171:482–486. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Danevčič T, Borić Vezjak M, Tabor M, Zorec M and Stopar D: Prodigiosin induces autolysins in actively grown bacillus subtilis cells. Front Microbiol. 7:272016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kimyon Ö, Das T, Ibugo AI, Kutty SK, Ho KK, Tebben J, Kumar N and Manefield M: Serratia secondary metabolite prodigiosin inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development by producing reactive oxygen species that damage biological molecules. Front Microbiol. 7:9722016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Darshan N and Manonmani HK: Prodigiosin inhibits motility and activates bacterial cell death revealing molecular biomarkers of programmed cell death. AMB Express. 6:502016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Lee DJ, Lee JB, Jang HA, Ferrandon D and Lee BL: An antimicrobial protein of the riptortus pedestris, salivary gland was cleaved by a virulence factor of Serratia marcescens. Dev Comp Immunol. 67:427–443. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Chen W, Liu Y, Zhang L, Gu X, Liu G, Shahid M, Gao J, Ali T and Han B: Nocardia cyriacigeogica from bovine mastitis induced in vitro apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells via activation of mitochondrial-caspase pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 7:1942017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Zhang J, Liu H, Sun Z, Xie J, Zhong G and Yi X: Azadirachtin induced apoptosis in the prothoracic gland in Bombyx mori and a pronounced Ca2+ release effect in Sf9 cells. Int J Biol Sci. 13:1532–1539. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zheng B, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Yang G, Hong Z, Han D, Wang Q, He Z, Liu Y, Wu F, et al: Dl-3-n-butylphthalide prevents the disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress following spinal cord injury. Int J Biol Sci. 13:1520–1532. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Demain AL and Fang A: The natural functions of secondary metabolites. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 69:1–39. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kan SC, Zang CZ, Yeh CW, Chang WF, Lin CC, Hung TH, Shieh CJ and Liu YC: Enhanced bioconversion rate and released substrate inhibition in (R)-phenylephrine whole-cell bioconversion via partial acetone treatment. Enzyme Microb Technol. 86:34–38. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sruthy PB, Anjana JC, Rathinamala J and Jayashree S: The role of red pigment prodigiosin from bacteria of earthworm gut as an anticancer agent. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci. 4:246–251. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Lapenda JC, Silva PA, Vicalvi MC, Sena KX and Nascimento SC: Antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens UFPEDA 398. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 31:399–406. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mienda BS, Idi A and Umar A: Microbiological features of solid state fermentation and its applications - An overview. Res Biotechnol. 2:21–26. 2011.

32 

Kurbanoglu EB, Ozdal M, Ozdal OG and Algur OF: Enhanced production of prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens mo-1 using ram horn peptone. Braz J Microbial. 46:631–637. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Wei YH and Chen WC: Enhanced production of prodigiosin-like pigment from Serratia marcescens, SMR by medium improvement and oil-supplementation strategies. J Biosci Bioeng. 99:616–622. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Suryavanshi MV, Waghmode SR, Bharti N, Choudhari PB, Hingamire TB and Shouche YS: Isolation and virtual screening of antimicrobial prodigiosin pigment from oxalotrophic Serratia marcescens OX_R strain. J Appl Pharm Sci. 6:52–58. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Su JC, Chang JH, Huang JW, Chen PP, Chen KF, Tseng PH and Shiau CW: Copper-obatoclax derivative complexes mediate DNA cleavage and exhibit anti-cancer effects in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact. 228:108–113. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhou W, Jin ZX and Wan YJ: Apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells induced by prodigiosin analogue obtained from an entomopathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 88:1269–1275. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Pérez-Tomás R and Vinas M: New insights on the antitumoral properties of prodiginines. Curr Med Chem. 17:2222–2231. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Montaner B, Navarro S, Piqué M, Vilaseca M, Martinell M, Giralt E, Gil J and Pérez-Tomás R: Prodigiosin from the supernatant of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in haematopoietic cancer cell lines. Br J Pharmacol. 131:585–593. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Elahian F, Moghimi B, Dinmohammadi F, Ghamghami M, Hamidi M and Mirzaei SA: The anticancer agent prodigiosin is not a multidrug resistance protein substrate. DNA Cell Biol. 32:90–97. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lin PB, Shen J, Ou PY, Liu LY, Chen ZY, Chu FJ, Wang J and Jin XB: Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells. Oncol Rep 41: 3377-3385, 2019.
APA
Lin, P., Shen, J., Ou, P., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Chu, F. ... Jin, X. (2019). Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells. Oncology Reports, 41, 3377-3385. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7089
MLA
Lin, P., Shen, J., Ou, P., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Chu, F., Wang, J., Jin, X."Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells". Oncology Reports 41.6 (2019): 3377-3385.
Chicago
Lin, P., Shen, J., Ou, P., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Chu, F., Wang, J., Jin, X."Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells". Oncology Reports 41, no. 6 (2019): 3377-3385. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7089
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lin PB, Shen J, Ou PY, Liu LY, Chen ZY, Chu FJ, Wang J and Jin XB: Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells. Oncol Rep 41: 3377-3385, 2019.
APA
Lin, P., Shen, J., Ou, P., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Chu, F. ... Jin, X. (2019). Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells. Oncology Reports, 41, 3377-3385. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7089
MLA
Lin, P., Shen, J., Ou, P., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Chu, F., Wang, J., Jin, X."Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells". Oncology Reports 41.6 (2019): 3377-3385.
Chicago
Lin, P., Shen, J., Ou, P., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Chu, F., Wang, J., Jin, X."Prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens in the Periplaneta americana gut and its apoptosis‑inducing activity in HeLa cells". Oncology Reports 41, no. 6 (2019): 3377-3385. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7089
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team