Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 42 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 42 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer

  • Authors:
    • Zhiwei Cai
    • Yun Liang
    • Chun Xing
    • Hongwei Wang
    • Pengfei Hu
    • Jialin Li
    • Haiyan Huang
    • Wei Wang
    • Chongyi Jiang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Cai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2537-2549
    |
    Published online on: October 10, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7365
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Adipocyte infiltration in pancreatic cancer (PC) has been demonstrated to be independently associated with PC risk and an active contributor to tumor progression. However, to date, little is known about these unique pancreatic tumor‑surrounding adipocytes, or their response to cancer cells. The present study utilized an in vitro indirect coculture model in which the phenotypic changes of adipocytes following exposure to PC cells were directly observed. RNA‑sequencing was performed on 3T3‑L1 adipocytes cultured with or without Panc‑1 cancer cells, and significant changes were identified at the transcriptional level. In terms of delipidation and the impaired function of glucose and lipid metabolism, coculture with tumor cells resulted in an altered metabolic phenotype in mature adipocytes. In co‑cultured adipocytes, the appearance of fibroblast‑like cells was observed, and the mesenchymal cell differentiation pathway was enriched following the integrated analysis into the transcriptome. In addition, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analyses of co‑cultured adipocytes revealed a loss in gene expression of mature adipocyte markers, and a gain in gene expression of fibroblast‑specific markers. It was also confirmed that newly generated cancer‑associated adipocytes could facilitate the invasive capacities of the tumor, and may contribute to PC stromal remodeling. The present study supports a novel concept that reprogramming of stromal adipocytes orchestrated by PC cells may generate cancer‑associated adipocytes with activated phenotypes, which may ultimately drive pancreatic tumor progression.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:7–30. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Michl P and Gress TM: Current concepts and novel targets in advanced pancreatic cancer. Gut. 62:317–326. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Feig C, Gopinathan A, Neesse A, Chan DS, Cook N and Tuveson DA: The pancreas cancer microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res. 18:4266–4276. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Quail DF, Bowman RL, Akkari L, Quick ML, Schuhmacher AJ, Huse JT, Holland EC, Sutton JC and Joyce JA: The tumor microenvironment underlies acquired resistance to CSF-1R inhibition in gliomas. Science. 352:62882016. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

von Ahrens D, Bhagat TD, Nagrath D, Maitra A and Verma A: The role of stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. J Hematol Oncol. 10:762017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Helm O, Held-Feindt J, Grage-Griebenow E, Reiling N, Ungefroren H, Vogel I, Kruger U, Becker T, Ebsen M, Rocken C, et al: Tumor-associated macrophages exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory properties by which they impact on pancreatic tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer. 135:843–861. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hwang RF, Moore T, Arumugam T, Ramachandran V, Amos KD, Rivera A, Ji B, Evans DB and Logsdon CD: Cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts promote pancreatic tumor progression. Cancer Re. 68:918–926. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Bailey JM, Swanson BJ, Hamada T, Eggers JP, Singh PK, Caffery T, Ouellette MM and Hollingsworth MA: Sonic hedgehog promotes desmoplasia in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 14:5995–6004. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Deng Y and Scherer PE: Adipokines as novel biomarkers and regulators of the metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1212:E1–E19. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Xiao Q, Zhou D, Rucki AA, Williams J, Zhou J, Mo G, Murphy A, Fujiwara K, Kleponis J, Salman B, et al: Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer are reprogrammed by tumor-induced alterations in genomic DNA methylation. Cancer Res. 76:5395–5404. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Apte MV, Wilson JS, Lugea A and Pandol SJ: A starring role for stellate cells in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Gastroenterology. 144:1210–1219. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Dirat B, Bochet L, Dabek M, Daviaud D, Dauvillier S, Majed B, Wang YY, Meulle A, Salles B, Le Gonidec S, et al: Cancer-associated adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype and contribute to breast cancer invasion. Cancer Res. 71:2455–2465. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Bochet L, Lehuede C, Dauvillier S, Wang YY, Dirat B, Laurent V, Dray C, Guiet R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Le Gonidec S, et al: Adipocyte-derived fibroblasts promote tumor progression and contribute to the desmoplastic reaction in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 73:5657–5668. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wang YY, Attane C, Milhas D, Dirat B, Dauvillier S, Guerard A, Gilhodes J, Lazar I, Alet N, Laurent V, et al: Mammary adipocytes stimulate breast cancer invasion through metabolic remodeling of tumor cells. JCI Insight. 2:e874892017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Nieman KM, Kenny HA, Penicka CV, Ladanyi A, Buell-Gutbrod R, Zillhardt MR, Romero IL, Carey MS, Mills GB, Hotamisligil GS, et al: Adipocytes promote ovarian cancer metastasis and provide energy for rapid tumor growth. Nat Med. 17:1498–1503. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Laurent V, Guerard A, Mazerolles C, Le Gonidec S, Toulet A, Nieto L, Zaidi F, Majed B, Garandeau D, Socrier Y, et al: Periprostatic adipocytes act as a driving force for prostate cancer progression in obesity. Nat Commun. 7:102302016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Hori M, Takahashi M, Hiraoka N, Yamaji T, Mutoh M, Ishigamori R, Furuta K, Okusaka T, Shimada K, Kosuge T, et al: Association of pancreatic fatty infiltration with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 5:e532014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Rebours V, Gaujoux S, d'Assignies G, Sauvanet A, Ruszniewski P, Levy P, Paradis V, Bedossa P and Couvelard A: Obesity and fatty pancreatic infiltration are risk factors for pancreatic precancerous lesions (PanIN). Clin Cancer Res. 21:3522–3528. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Incio J, Liu H, Suboj P, Chin SM, Chen IX, Pinter M, Ng MR, Nia HT, Grahovac J, Kao S, et al: Obesity-Induced inflammation and desmoplasia promote pancreatic cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer Discov. 6:852–869. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Okumura T, Ohuchida K, Sada M, Abe T, Endo S, Koikawa K, Iwamoto C, Miura D, Mizuuchi Y, Moriyama T, et al: Extra-pancreatic invasion induces lipolytic and fibrotic changes in the adipose microenvironment, with released fatty acids enhancing the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget. 8:18280–18295. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ziegler KM, Considine RV, True E, Swartz-Basile DA, Pitt HA and Zyromski NJ: Adipocytes enhance murine pancreatic cancer growth via a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated mechanism. Int J Surg. 28:179–184. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Carbone C, Piro G, Gaianigo N, Ligorio F, Santoro R, Merz V, Simionato F, Zecchetto C, Falco G, Conti G, et al: Adipocytes sustain pancreatic cancer progression through a non-canonical WNT paracrine network inducing ROR2 nuclear shuttling. Int J Obes (Lond). 42:334–343. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Schneider CA, Rasband WS and Eliceiri KW: NIH image to imageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods. 9:671–675. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Trapnell C, Williams BA, Pertea G, Mortazavi A, Kwan G, van Baren MJ, Salzberg SL, Wold BJ and Pachter L: Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation. Nat Biotechnol. 28:511–515. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Trapnell C, Hendrickson DG, Sauvageau M, Goff L, Rinn JL and Pachter L: Differential analysis of gene regulation at transcript resolution with RNA-seq. Nat Biotechnol. 31:46–53. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Mao X, Cai T, Olyarchuk JG and Wei L: Automated genome annotation and pathway identification using the KEGG Orthology (KO) as a controlled vocabulary. Bioinformatics. 21:3787–3793. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Huang H, Song TJ, Li X, Hu L, He Q, Liu M, Lane MD and Tang QQ: BMP signaling pathway is required for commitment of C3H10T1/2 pluripotent stem cells to the adipocyte lineage. Proce Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:12670–12675. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Park J, Morley TS, Kim M, Clegg DJ and Scherer PE: Obesity and cancer-mechanisms underlying tumour progression and recurrence. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 10:455–465. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Corsa CAS and MacDougald OA: Cyclical dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of mammary adipocytes. Cell Metab. 28:187–189. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kalluri R and Weinberg RA: The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest. 119:1420–1428. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Nieto MA, Huang RY, Jackson RA and Thiery JP: EMT: 2016. Cell. 166:21–45. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Lengyel E, Makowski L, DiGiovanni J and Kolonin MG: Cancer as a matter of fat: The crosstalk between adipose tissue and tumors. Trends Cancer. 4:374–384. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Herman MA, Peroni OD, Villoria J, Schon MR, Abumrad NA, Bluher M, Klein S and Kahn BB: A novel ChREBP isoform in adipose tissue regulates systemic glucose metabolism. Nature. 484:333–338. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Iizuka K, Bruick RK, Liang G, Horton JD and Uyeda K: Deficiency of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) reduces lipogenesis as well as glycolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:7281–7286. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Sah RP, Nagpal SJ, Mukhopadhyay D and Chari ST: New insights into pancreatic cancer-induced paraneoplastic diabetes. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 10:423–433. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Hoy AJ, Balaban S and Saunders DN: Adipocyte-tumor cell metabolic crosstalk in breast cancer. Trends Mol Med. 23:381–392. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Miranda F, Mannion D, Liu S, Zheng Y, Mangala LS, Redondo C, Herrero-Gonzalez S, Xu R, Taylor C, Chedom DF, et al: Salt-inducible kinase 2 couples ovarian cancer cell metabolism with survival at the adipocyte-rich metastatic niche. Cancer Cell. 30:273–289. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Marangoni RG, Korman BD, Wei J, Wood TA, Graham LV, Whitfield ML, Scherer PE, Tourtellotte WG and Varga J: Myofibroblasts in murine cutaneous fibrosis originate from adiponectin-positive intradermal progenitors. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67:1062–1073. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Wang QA, Song A, Chen W, Schwalie PC, Zhang F, Vishvanath L, Jiang L, Ye R, Shao M, Tao C, et al: Reversible de-differentiation of mature white adipocytes into preadipocyte-like precursors during lactation. Cell Metab. 28:282–288. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Zoico E, Darra E, Rizzatti V, Budui S, Franceschetti G, Mazzali G, Rossi AP, Fantin F, Menegazzi M, Cinti S and Zamboni M: Adipocytes WNT5a mediated dedifferentiation: A possible target in pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Oncotarget. 7:20223–20235. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Zoico E, Darra E, Rizzatti V, Tebon M, Franceschetti G, Mazzali G, Rossi AP, Fantin F and Zamboni M: Role of adipose tissue in melanoma cancer microenvironment and progression. Int J Obes (Lond). 42:344–352. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Chirumbolo S and Bjorklund G: Can wnt5a and wnt non-canonical pathways really mediate adipocyte de-differentiation in a tumour microenvironment? Eur J Cancer. 64:96–100. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Ye X and Weinberg RA: Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity: A central regulator of cancer progression. Trends Cell Biol. 25:675–686. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Whatcott CJ, Diep CH, Jiang P, Watanabe A, LoBello J, Sima C, Hostetter G, Shepard HM, Von Hoff DD and Han H: Desmoplasia in primary tumors and metastatic lesions of pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 21:3561–3568. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Bluher M: Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 117:241–250. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Khandekar MJ, Cohen P and Spiegelman BM: Molecular mechanisms of cancer development in obesity. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:886–895. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Lemoine AY, Ledoux S and Larger E: Adipose tissue angiogenesis in obesity. Thromb Haemost. 110:661–668. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cai Z, Liang Y, Xing C, Wang H, Hu P, Li J, Huang H, Wang W and Jiang C: Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Rep 42: 2537-2549, 2019.
APA
Cai, Z., Liang, Y., Xing, C., Wang, H., Hu, P., Li, J. ... Jiang, C. (2019). Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. Oncology Reports, 42, 2537-2549. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7365
MLA
Cai, Z., Liang, Y., Xing, C., Wang, H., Hu, P., Li, J., Huang, H., Wang, W., Jiang, C."Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer". Oncology Reports 42.6 (2019): 2537-2549.
Chicago
Cai, Z., Liang, Y., Xing, C., Wang, H., Hu, P., Li, J., Huang, H., Wang, W., Jiang, C."Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer". Oncology Reports 42, no. 6 (2019): 2537-2549. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7365
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cai Z, Liang Y, Xing C, Wang H, Hu P, Li J, Huang H, Wang W and Jiang C: Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Rep 42: 2537-2549, 2019.
APA
Cai, Z., Liang, Y., Xing, C., Wang, H., Hu, P., Li, J. ... Jiang, C. (2019). Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. Oncology Reports, 42, 2537-2549. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7365
MLA
Cai, Z., Liang, Y., Xing, C., Wang, H., Hu, P., Li, J., Huang, H., Wang, W., Jiang, C."Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer". Oncology Reports 42.6 (2019): 2537-2549.
Chicago
Cai, Z., Liang, Y., Xing, C., Wang, H., Hu, P., Li, J., Huang, H., Wang, W., Jiang, C."Cancer‑associated adipocytes exhibit distinct phenotypes and facilitate tumor progression in pancreatic cancer". Oncology Reports 42, no. 6 (2019): 2537-2549. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7365
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team