Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
January-2020 Volume 43 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2020 Volume 43 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Minako Yamamura
    • Yasunori Sato
    • Kenta Takahashi
    • Motoko Sasaki
    • Kenichi Harada
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920‑8640, Japan
  • Pages: 306-317
    |
    Published online on: November 8, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7405
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality, and effective therapeutic agents for this cancer are limited. Cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK) pathways are therapeutic targets for various types of cancers; however, their involvement in cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. The present study examined the biological significance of CDK pathways in cholangiocarcinoma. An immunohistochemical analysis of cholangiocarcinoma tissue sections revealed the upregulated expression of phosphorylated cyclin‑dependent kinase 1 (p‑CDK1), p‑CDK2, cyclin B1, and cyclin E1 in carcinoma cells. The nuclear expression of p‑CDK1 and cyclin B1 was positively correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis and the clinical stage, and p‑CDK1 expression was also associated with poor patient survival. The treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (CCKS‑1, TFK‑1 and HUCCT‑1) with the multi‑CDK inhibitor roscovitine decreased p‑CDK1 expression, inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G1 or G2/M phase, and significantly inhibited carcinoma cell invasion. In vivo studies using a murine xenograft model revealed that an intraperitoneal injection of roscovitine significantly inhibited cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. Roscovitine induced apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrated the potential of the CDK pathway involving CDK1 as a therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical expression of p‑CDK1 may be a useful prognostic marker of cholangiocarcinoma.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Razumilava N and Gores GJ: Cholangiocarcinoma. Lancet. 383:2168–2179. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Rizvi S, Khan SA, Hallemeier CL, Kelley RK and Gores GJ: Cholangiocarcinoma-evolving concepts and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 15:95–111. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Cereda S, Passoni P, Reni M, Viganò MG, Aldrighetti L, Nicoletti R and Villa E: The cisplatin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine (PEFG) regimen in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 116:2208–2214. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Cheng W, Yang Z, Wang S, Li Y, Wei H, Tian X and Kan Q: Recent development of CDK inhibitors: An overview of CDK/inhibitor co-crystal structures. Eur J Med Chem. 64:615–639. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Schwartz GK and Shah MA: Targeting the cell cycle: A new approach to cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol. 23:9408–9421. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Deep G and Agarwal R: New combination therapies with cell cycle agents. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 9:591–604. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Coxon CR, Anscombe E, Harnor SJ, Martin MP, Carbain B, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Harlow LK, Korolchuk S, Matheson CJ, et al: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships and insights into the CDK-2 selectivity of 6-substituted 2-arylaminopurines. J Med Chem. 60:1746–1767. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Cai J, Li B, Zhu Y, Fang X, Zhu M, Wang M, Liu S, Jiang X, Zheng J, Zhang X, et al: Prognostic biomarker identification through integrating the gene signatures of hepatocellular carcinoma properties. EbioMedicine. 19:18–30. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sung WW, Lin YM, Wu PR, Yen HH, Lai HW, Su TC, Huang RH, Wen CK, Chen CY, Chen CJ, et al: High nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of Cdk1 expression predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer. 14:9512014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hongo F, Takaha N, Oishi M, Ueda T, Nakamura T, Naitoh Y, Naya Y, Kamoi K, Okihara K, Matsushima T, et al: CDK1 and CDK2 activity is a strong predictor of renal cell carcinoma recurrence. Urol Oncol. 32:1240–1246. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Shi YX, Zhu T, Zou T, Zhuo W, Chen YX, Huang MS, Zheng W, Wang CJ, Li X, Mao XY, et al: Prognostic and predictive values of CDK1 and MAD2L1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget. 7:85235–85243. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhang C, Elkahloun AG, Robertson M, Gills JJ, Tsurutani J, Shih JH, Fukuoka J, Hollander MC, Harris CC, Travis WD, et al: Loss of cytoplasmic CDK1 predicts poor survival in human lung cancer and confers chemotherapeutic resistance. PLoS One. 6:e238492011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

García-Reyes B, Kretz AL Ruff JP, von Karstedt S, Hillenbrand A, Knippschild U, Henne-Bruns D and Lemke J: The emerging role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci. 19(pii): E32192018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Feldmann G, Mishra A, Bisht S, Karikari C, Garrido-Laguna I, Rasheed Z, Ottenhof NA, Dadon T, Alvarez H, Fendrich V, et al: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Dinaciclib (SCH727965) inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and progression in murine xenograft models. Cancer Biol Ther. 12:598–609. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Whittaker SR, Mallinger A, Workman P and Clarke PA: Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases as cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther. 173:83–105. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Costa-Cabral S, Brough R, Konde A, Aarts M, Campbell J, Marinari E, Riffell J, Bardelli A, Torrance C, Lord CJ, et al: CDK1 is a synthetic lethal target for KRAS mutant tumours. PLoS One. 11:e01490992016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Churi CR, Shroff R, Wang Y, Rashid A, Kang HC, Weatherly J, Zuo M, Zinner R, Hong D, Meric-Bernstam F, et al: Mutation profiling in cholangiocarcinoma: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. PLoS One. 9:e1153832014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Nakamura H, Arai Y, Totoki Y, Shirota T, Elzawahry A, Kato M, Hama N, Hosoda F, Urushidate T, Ohashi S, et al: Genomic spectra of biliary tract cancer. Nat Genet. 47:1003–1010. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Mertens JC, Rizvi S and Gores GJ: Targeting cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1864:1454–1460. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

He W, Wang B, Zhuang Y, Shao D, Sun K and Chen J: Berberine inhibits growth and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 119:341–348. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Zheng J, Li Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Fu X, Wang W, Fan L and Yan W: Apoptosis-related protein-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest via downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase subunits. Oncol Rep. 35:809–816. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Samukawa E, Fujihara S, Oura K, Iwama H, Yamana Y, Tadokoro T, Chiyo T, Kobayashi K, Morishita A, Nakahara M, et al: Angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth of cholangiocarcinoma through cell cycle arrest. Int J Oncol. 51:1674–1684. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Boueroy P, Aukkanimart R, Boonmars T, Sriraj P, Ratanasuwan P, Juasook A, Wonkchalee N, Vaeteewoottacharn K and Wongkham S: Inhibitory effect of aspirin on cholangiocarcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 18:3091–3096. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sugawara H, Yasoshima M, Katayanagi K, Kono N, Watanabe Y, Harada K and Nakanuma Y: Relationship between interleukin-6 and proliferation and differentiation in cholangiocarcinoma. Histopathology. 33:145–153. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Tirado OM, Mateo-Lozano S and Notario V: Roscovitine is an effective inducer of apoptosis of Ewing's sarcoma family tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 65:9320–9327. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Brierley JD, Gospodarowics MK and Wittekind C: International union against cancer (UICC)TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 8th. New York: John Wiley and Sons, LTD.; 2017

27 

Salaun P, Rannou Y and Prigent C: Cdk1, Plks, Auroras, and Neks: The mitotic bodyguards. Adv Exp Med Biol. 617:41–56. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Gavet O and Pines J: Progressive activation of cyclinB1-Cdk1 coordinates entry to mitosis. Dev Cell. 18:533–543. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gavet O and Pines J: Activation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 synchronizes events in the nucleus and the cytoplasm at mitosis. J Cell Biol. 189:247–259. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Keenan SM, Bellone C and Baldassare JJ: Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 nucleocytoplasmic translocation is regulated by extracellular regulated kinase. J Biol Chem. 276:22404–22409. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Won KA and Reed SI: Activation of cyclin E/CDK2 is coupled to site-specific autophosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of cyclin E. EMBO J. 15:4182–4193. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Parry D, Guzi T, Shanahan F, Davis N, Prabhavalkar D, Wiswell D, Seghezzi W, Paruch K, Dwyer MP, Doll R, et al: Dinaciclib (SCH 727965), a novel and potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther. 9:2344–2353. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wei D, Parsels LA, Karnak D, Davis MA, Parsels JD, Marsh AC, Zhao L, Maybaum J, Lawrence TS, Sun Y, et al: Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A radiosensitizes pancreatic cancers by modulating CDC25C/CDK1 and homologous recombination repair. Clin Cancer Res. 19:4422–4432. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Nilubol N, Boufraqech M, Zhang L, Gaskins K, Shen M, Zhang YQ, Gara SK, Austin CP and Kebebew E: Synergistic combination of flavopiridol and carfilzomib targets commonly dysregulated pathways in adrenocortical carcinoma and has biomarkers of response. Oncotarget. 9:33030–33042. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Coley HM, Shotton CF and Thomas H: Seliciclib (CYC202; r-roscovitine) in combination with cytotoxic agents in human uterine sarcoma cell lines. Anticancer Res. 27:273–278. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Wesierska-Gadek J, Borza A, Komina O and Maurer M: Impact of roscovitine, a selective CDK inhibitor, on cancer cells: Bi-functionality increases its therapeutic potential. Acta Biochim Pol. 56:495–501. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Nair BC, Vallabhaneni S, Tekmal RR and Vadlamudi RK: Roscovitine confers tumor suppressive effect on therapy-resistant breast tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res. 13:R802011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Cicenas J, Kalyan K, Sorokinas A, Stankunas E, Levy J, Meskinyte I, Stankevicius V, Kaupinis A and Valius M: Roscovitine in cancer and other diseases. Ann Transl Med. 3:1352015.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Bukanov NO, Moreno SE, Natoli TA, Rogers KA, Smith LA, Ledbetter SR, Oumata N, Galons H, Meijer L and Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O: CDK inhibitors R-roscovitine and S-CR8 effectively block renal and hepatic cystogenesis in an orthologous model of ADPKD. Cell Cycle. 11:4040–4046. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Jin X, Yang C, Fan P, Xiao J, Zhang W, Zhan S, Liu T, Wang D and Wu H: CDK5/FBW7-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of EZH2 inhibits pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion. J Biol Chem. 292:6269–6280. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Appleyard MV, O'Neill MA, Murray KE, Paulin FE, Bray SE, Kernohan NM, Levison DA, Lane DP and Thompson AM: Seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine) enhances the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in vivo in a breast cancer xenograft model. Int J Cancer. 124:465–472. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Saijyo S, Kudo T, Suzuki M, Katayose Y, Shinoda M, Muto T, Fukuhara K, Suzuki T and Matsuno S: Establishment of a new extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma cell line, TFK-1. Tohoku J Exp Med. 177:61–71. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Yoshikawa D, Ojima H, Kokubu A, Ochiya T, Kasai S, Hirohashi S and Shibata T: Vandetanib (ZD6474), an inhibitor of VEGFR and EGFR signalling, as a novel molecular-targeted therapy against cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Cancer. 100:1257–1266. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yamamura M, Sato Y, Takahashi K, Sasaki M and Harada K: The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 43: 306-317, 2020.
APA
Yamamura, M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, K., Sasaki, M., & Harada, K. (2020). The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Oncology Reports, 43, 306-317. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7405
MLA
Yamamura, M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, K., Sasaki, M., Harada, K."The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma". Oncology Reports 43.1 (2020): 306-317.
Chicago
Yamamura, M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, K., Sasaki, M., Harada, K."The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma". Oncology Reports 43, no. 1 (2020): 306-317. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7405
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yamamura M, Sato Y, Takahashi K, Sasaki M and Harada K: The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 43: 306-317, 2020.
APA
Yamamura, M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, K., Sasaki, M., & Harada, K. (2020). The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Oncology Reports, 43, 306-317. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7405
MLA
Yamamura, M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, K., Sasaki, M., Harada, K."The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma". Oncology Reports 43.1 (2020): 306-317.
Chicago
Yamamura, M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, K., Sasaki, M., Harada, K."The cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway involving CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma". Oncology Reports 43, no. 1 (2020): 306-317. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7405
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team