Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 43 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 43 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer

  • Authors:
    • Hubin Yin
    • Chen Zhang
    • Xin Gou
    • Weiyang He
    • Daoju Gan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China, Department of Obstetrics and 4The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 379-394
    |
    Published online on: December 12, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7429
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

There are no reliable criteria to assess risk of progression of non‑muscle invasive bladder cancer to muscle invasive bladder cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify potential markers based on gene expression profiling to improve predictive power of disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. In the present study, we screened seventy‑three differentially expressed genes by analyzing bladder cancer samples with or without progression. Forty‑seven prognosis‑related genes were screened, 13 of which were identified to build a progression‑associated gene signature using the LASSO regression method. Based on this 13‑mRNA signature, patients were divided into high‑ and low‑risk groups, with different prognostic outcomes. The gene signature was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the signature performed well in the validation cohort and its predictive power outperformed other several published signatures. CTHRC1, MMP11, AEBP1, SNCAIP, COL1A1 and S100A8 were identified as hub genes and their expression levels were detected using reverse transcriptase‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of CTHRC1 was elevated in aggressive bladder cancer compared with non‑invasive type, which suggests CTHRC1 may be a valuable biomarker for prediction of prognosis and progression of bladder cancer. Collectively, this 13‑mRNA signature may be useful in predicting disease progression and prognosis, thereby contributing to individualized management of patients with bladder cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Burger M, van der Aa MN, van Oers JM, Brinkmann A, van der Kwast TH, Steyerberg EC, Stoehr R, Kirkels WJ, Denzinger S, Wild PJ, et al: Prediction of progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer by WHO 1973 and 2004 grading and by FGFR3 mutation status: A prospective study. Eur Urol. 54:835–843. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lamm D, Persad R, Brausi M, Buckley R, Witjes JA, Palou J, Böhle A, Kamat AM, Colombel M and Soloway M: Defining progression in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: It is time for a new, standard definition. J Urol. 191:20–27. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Bouffioux C, Denis L, Newling DW and Kurth K: Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: A combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 49:466–465. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Le Goux C, Vacher S, Pignot G, Sibony M, Barry Delongchamps N, Terris B, Piaggio E, Zerbib M, Damotte D and Bieche I: mRNA Expression levels of genes involved in antitumor immunity: Identification of a 3-gene signature associated with prognosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncoimmunology. 6:e13583302017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Sanchez-Carbayo M, Socci ND, Lozano J, Saint F and Cordon-Cardo C: Defining molecular profiles of poor outcome in patients with invasive bladder cancer using oligonucleotide microarrays. J Clin Oncol. 24:778–789. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yang L, Taylor J, Eustace A, Irlam JJ, Denley H, Hoskin PJ, Alsner J, Buffa FM, Harris AL, Choudhury A and West CML: A gene signature for selecting benefit from hypoxia modification of radiotherapy for high-risk bladder cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 23:4761–4768. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Lee JS, Leem SH, Lee SY, Kim SC, Park ES, Kim SB, Kim SK, Kim YJ, Kim WJ and Chu IS: Expression signature of E2F1 and its associated genes predict superficial to invasive progression of bladder tumors. J Clin Oncol. 28:2660–2667. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gautier L, Cope L, Bolstad BM and Irizarry RA: Affy-analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data at the probe level. Bioinformatics. 20:307–315. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, Paulovich A, Pomeroy SL, Golub TR, Lander ES and Mesirov JP: Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:15545–15550. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Warde-Farley D, Donaldson SL, Comes O, Zuberi K, Badrawi R, Chao P, Franz M, Grouios C, Kazi F, Lopes CT, et al: The GeneMANIA prediction server: Biological network integration for gene prioritization and predicting gene function. Nucleic Acids Res. 38:W214–W220. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yin H, Yang X, Gu W, Liu Y, Li X, Huang X, Zhu X, Tao Y, Gou X and He W: HMGB1-mediated autophagy attenuates gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells involving JNK and ERK activation. Oncotarget. 8:71642–71656. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

van der Heijden AG, Mengual L, Lozano JJ, Ingelmo-Torres M, Ribal MJ, Fernández PL, Oosterwijk E, Schalken JA, Alcaraz A and Witjes JA: A five-gene expression signature to predict progression in T1G3 bladder cancer. Eur J Cancer. 64:127–136. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Dyrskjøt L, Reinert T, Algaba F, Christensen E, Nieboer D, Hermann GG, Mogensen K, Beukers W, Marquez M, Segersten U, et al: Prognostic impact of a 12-gene progression score in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A prospective multicentre validation study. Eur Urol. 72:461–469. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Rinaldetti S, Wirtz R, Worst TS, Hartmann A, Breyer J, Dyrskjot L and Erben P: FOXM1 predicts disease progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 144:1701–1709. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kramer MW, Golshani R, Merseburger AS, Knapp J, Garcia A, Hennenlotter J, Duncan RC, Soloway MS, Jorda M, Kuczyk MA, et al: HYAL-1 hyaluronidase: A potential prognostic indicator for progression to muscle invasion and recurrence in bladder cancer. Eur Urol. 57:86–93. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Lelo A, Prip F, Harris BT, Solomon D, Berry DL, Chaldekas K, Kumar A, Simko J, Jensen JB, Bhattacharyya P, et al: STAG2 is a biomarker for prediction of recurrence and progression in papillary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 24:4145–4153. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Simon R and Altman DG: Statistical aspects of prognostic factor studies in oncology. Br J Cancer. 69:979–985. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Hedegaard J, Lamy P, Nordentoft I, Algaba F, Høyer S, Ulhøi BP, Vang S, Reinert T, Hermann GG, Mogensen K, et al: Comprehensive transcriptional analysis of early-stage urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cell. 30:27–42. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Dyrskjøt L, Reinert T, Novoradovsky A, Zuiverloon TC, Beukers W, Zwarthoff E, Malats N, Real FX, Segersten U, Malmström PU, et al: Analysis of molecular intra-patient variation and delineation of a prognostic 12-gene signature in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; technology transfer from microarrays to PCR. Br J Cancer. 107:1392–1398. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Dai J, Yang L, Wang J, Xiao Y and Ruan Q: Prognostic value of FOXM1 in patients with malignant solid tumor: A meta-analysis and system review. Dis Markers. 2015:3524782015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Yang X, Shi Y, Yan J and Fan H: Downregulation of FoxM1 inhibits cell growth and migration and invasion in bladder cancer cells. Am J Transl Res. 10:629–638. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Breyer J, Wirtz RM, Erben P, Rinaldetti S, Worst TS, Stoehr R, Eckstein M, Sikic D, Denzinger S, Burger M, et al: FOXM1 overexpression is associated with adverse outcome and predicts response to intravesical instillation therapy in stage pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int. 123:187–196. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC and Clarke SJ: Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 15:e493–e503. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Mbeutcha A, Shariat SF, Rieken M, Rink M, Xylinas E, Seitz C, Lucca I, Mathieu R, Rouprêt M, Briganti A, et al: Prognostic significance of markers of systemic inflammatory response in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 34:483.e17–483.e24. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Kharaishvili G, Cizkova M, Bouchalova K, Mgebrishvili G, Kolar Z and Bouchal J: Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 protein, periostin and versican in primary and metastatic breast cancer: An immunohistochemical study. J Clin Pathol. 64:977–982. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Liu G, Sengupta PK, Jamal B, Yang HY, Bouchie MP, Lindner V, Varelas X and Kukuruzinska MA: N-glycosylation induces the CTHRC1 protein and drives oral cancer cell migration. J Biol Chem. 288:20217–20227. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Miller P, Kidwell KM, Thomas D, Sabel M, Rae JM, Hayes DF, Hudson BI, El-Ashry D and Lippman ME: Elevated S100A8 protein expression in breast cancer cells and breast tumor stroma is prognostic of poor disease outcome. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 166:85–94. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Kim SK, Kim EJ, Leem SH, Ha YS, Kim YJ and Kim WJ: Identification of S100A8-correlated genes for prediction of disease progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. BMC Cancer. 10:212010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Bansal N, Gupta A, Sankhwar SN and Mahdi AA: Low- and high-grade bladder cancer appraisal via serum-based proteomics approach. Clin Chim Acta. 436:97–103. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Nicklas AP, Kramer MW, Serth J, Hennenlotter J, Hupe MC, Reimer DU, Stenzl A, Merseburger AS, Kuczyk MA and von Klot CJ: Calgranulin A (S100A8) immunostaining: A future candidate for risk assessment in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Adv Ther. 35:2054–2068. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Li WM, Wei YC, Huang CN, Ke HL, Li CC, Yeh HC, Chang LL, Huang CH, Li CF and Wu WJ: Matrix metalloproteinase-11 as a marker of metastasis and predictor of poor survival in urothelial carcinomas. J Surg Oncol. 113:700–707. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Wu SX, Huang J, Liu ZW, Chen HG, Guo P, Cai QQ, Zheng JJ, Qin HD, Zheng ZS, Chen X, et al: A genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram for the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer. EBioMedicine. 31:54–65. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yin H, Zhang C, Gou X, He W and Gan D: Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer . Oncol Rep 43: 379-394, 2020.
APA
Yin, H., Zhang, C., Gou, X., He, W., & Gan, D. (2020). Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer . Oncology Reports, 43, 379-394. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7429
MLA
Yin, H., Zhang, C., Gou, X., He, W., Gan, D."Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer ". Oncology Reports 43.2 (2020): 379-394.
Chicago
Yin, H., Zhang, C., Gou, X., He, W., Gan, D."Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer ". Oncology Reports 43, no. 2 (2020): 379-394. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7429
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yin H, Zhang C, Gou X, He W and Gan D: Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer . Oncol Rep 43: 379-394, 2020.
APA
Yin, H., Zhang, C., Gou, X., He, W., & Gan, D. (2020). Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer . Oncology Reports, 43, 379-394. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7429
MLA
Yin, H., Zhang, C., Gou, X., He, W., Gan, D."Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer ". Oncology Reports 43.2 (2020): 379-394.
Chicago
Yin, H., Zhang, C., Gou, X., He, W., Gan, D."Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer ". Oncology Reports 43, no. 2 (2020): 379-394. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7429
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team