Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 46 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 46 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review

Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Can Kong
    • Tao Fu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 177
    |
    Published online on: June 30, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8128
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial and multistage process that occurs due to both genetic and epigenetic variations in normal epithelial cells. Analysis of the CRC epigenome has revealed that almost all CRC types have a large number of abnormally methylated genes. Hypermethylation of cell‑free DNA from CRC in the blood or stool is considered as a potential non‑invasive cancer biomarker, and various methylation markers have shown high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of the present review was to examine potential methylation markers in CRC that have been used or are expected to be used in the clinical setting, focusing on their screening, predictive, prognostic and therapeutic roles in CRC.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Liu Y, Guo F, Zhu X, Guo W, Fu T and Wang W: Death domain-associated protein promotes colon cancer metastasis through direct interaction with ZEB1. J Cancer. 11:750–758. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Wang C, Liu Y, Guo W, Zhu X, Ahuja N and Fu T: MAPT promoter CpG island hypermethylation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res Volume. 11:7337–7343. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Jones PA, Ohtani H, Chakravarthy A and De Carvalho DD: Epigenetic therapy in immune-oncology. Nat Rev Cancer. 19:151–161. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Bates SE: Epigenetic therapies for cancer. N Engl J Med. 383:650–663. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Deans C and Maggert KA: What do you mean, ‘epigenetic’? Genetics. 199:887–896. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Al AN, Tupper C and Jialal I: Genetics, epigenetic mechanism. 2021.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Okugawa Y, Grady WM and Goel A: Epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer: Emerging biomarkers. Gastroenterology. 149:1204–1225.e12. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

van der Pol Y and Mouliere F: Toward the early detection of cancer by decoding the epigenetic and environmental fingerprints of cell-free DNA. Cancer Cell. 36:350–368. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Luo H, Wei W, Ye Z, Zheng J and Xu RH: Liquid biopsy of methylation biomarkers in cell-free DNA. Trends Mol Med. 27:482–500. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Peterse E, Meester R, de Jonge L, Omidvari AH, Alarid-Escudero F, Knudsen AB, Zauber AG and Lansdorp-Vogelaar I: Comparing the cost-effectiveness of innovative colorectal cancer screening tests. J Natl Cancer Inst. 113:154–161. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Komor MA, Bosch LJ, Bounova G, Bolijn AS, Delis-van DP, Rausch C, Hoogstrate Y, Stubbs AP, de Jong M, Jenster G, et al: Consensus molecular subtype classification of colorectal adenomas. J Pathol. 246:266–276. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Locke WJ, Guanzon D, Ma C, Liew YJ, Duesing KR, Fung K and Ross JP: DNA methylation cancer biomarkers: Translation to the clinic. Front Genet. 10:11502019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Tse JWT, Jenkins LJ, Chionh F and Mariadason JM: Aberrant DNA methylation in colorectal cancer: What should we target? Trends Cancer. 3:698–712. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Carethers JM: Fecal DNA testing for colorectal cancer screening. Annu Rev Med. 71:59–69. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Iyer GR and Hasan Q: Alteration of methylation status in archival DNA samples: A qualitative assessment by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction. Environ Mol Mutagen. 61:837–842. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Fu T, Sharmab A, Xie F, Liu Y, Li K, Wan W, Baylin SB, Wolfgang CL and Ahuja N: Methylation of MGMT is associated with poor prognosis in patients with stage III duodenal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One. 11:e1629292016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Azuara D, Ausso S, Rodriguez-Moranta F, Guardiola J, Sanjuan X, Lobaton T, Boadas J, Piqueras M, Monfort D, Guino E, et al: New methylation biomarker panel for early diagnosis of dysplasia or cancer in high-risk inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 24:2555–2564. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Pichon F, Shen Y, Busato F, P JS, Jacquelin B, Grand RL, Deleuze JF, Muller-Trutwin M and Tost J: Analysis and annotation of DNA methylation in two nonhuman primate species using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K and EPIC BeadChips. Epigenomics. 13:169–186. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Li D, Guo J, Wang S, Zhu L and Shen Z: Identification of novel methylated targets in colorectal cancer by microarray analysis and construction of co-expression network. Oncol Lett. 14:2643–2648. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wagner I and Capesius I: Determination of 5-methylcytosine from plant DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biochim Biophys Acta. 654:52–56. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Li S and Tollefsbol TO: DNA methylation methods: Global DNA methylation and methylomic analyses. Methods. 187:28–43. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kang B, Lee HS, Jeon SW, Park SY, Choi GS, Lee WK, Heo S, Lee DH and Kim DS: Progressive alteration of DNA methylation of Alu, MGMT, MINT2, and TFPI2 genes in colonic mucosa during colorectal cancer development. Cancer Biomark. Jun 5–2021.(Epub ahead of print). doi: 10.3233/CBM-203259. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Naini MA, Kavousipour S, Hasanzarini M, Nasrollah A, Monabati A and Mokarram P: O6-Methyguanine-DNA Methyl Transferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in serum DNA of Iranian patients with colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 19:1223–1227. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kerachian MA and Kerachian M: Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation in colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta. 488:209–214. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wang Y, Chen PM and Liu RB: Advance in plasma SEPT9 gene methylation assay for colorectal cancer early detection. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 10:15–22. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sun J, Zheng M, Li Y and Zhang S: Structure and function of Septin 9 and its role in human malignant tumors. World J Gastro Oncol. 12:619–631. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Tóth K, Galamb O, Spisák S, Wichmann B, Sipos F, Valcz G, Leiszter K, Molnár B and Tulassay Z: The influence of methylated septin 9 gene on RNA and protein level in colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res. 17:503–509. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Wasserkort R, Kalmar A, Valcz G, Spisak S, Krispin M, Toth K, Tulassay Z, Sledziewski AZ and Molnar B: Aberrant septin 9 DNA methylation in colorectal cancer is restricted to a single CpG island. BMC Cancer. 13:3982013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Hu J, Hu B, Gui YC, Tan ZB and Xu JW: Diagnostic value and clinical significance of methylated SEPT9 for colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit. 25:5813–5822. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Church TR, Wandell M, Lofton-Day C, Mongin SJ, Burger M, Payne SR, Castaños-Vélez E, Blumenstein BA, Rosch T, Osborn N, et al: Prospective evaluation of methylated SEPT9 in plasma for detection of asymptomatic colorectal cancer. Gut. 63:317–325. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Song L, Li Y, Jia J, Zhou G, Wang J, Kang Q, Jin P, Sheng J, Cai G, Cai S and Han X: Algorithm Optimization in Methylation Detection with Multiple RT-qPCR. PLoS One. 11:e1633332016. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Choi Y, Kim H, Chung H, Hwang JS, Shin JA, Han IO and Oh ES: Syndecan-2 regulates cell migration in colon cancer cells through Tiam1-mediated Rac activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 391:921–925. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Zhao G, Ma Y, Li H, Li S, Zhu Y, Liu X, Xiong S, Liu Y, Miao J, Fei S, et al: A novel plasma based early colorectal cancer screening assay base on methylated SDC2 and SFRP2. Clin Chim Acta. 503:84–89. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Han YD, Oh TJ, Chung TH, Jang HW, Kim YN, An S and Kim NK: Early detection of colorectal cancer based on presence of methylated syndecan-2 (SDC2) in stool DNA. Clin Epigenetics. 11:512019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Oh TJ, Oh HI, Seo YY, Jeong D, Kim C, Kang HW, Han YD, Chung HC, Kim NK and An S: Feasibility of quantifying SDC2 methylation in stool DNA for early detection of colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 9:1262017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Su WC, Kao WY, Chang TK, Tsai HL, Huang CW, Chen YC, Li CC, Hsieh YC, Yeh HJ, Chang CC, et al: Stool DNA test targeting methylated syndecan-2 (SDC2) as a noninvasive screening method for colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep. 29(41): BSR202019302021. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Kim CW, Kim H, Kim HR, Kye BH, Kim HJ, Min BS, Oh TJ, An S and Lee SH: Colorectal cancer screening using a stool DNA-based SDC2 methylation test: A multicenter, prospective trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 21:1732021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhao G, Liu X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Yang J, Li H, Xiong S, Fei S, Zheng M and Zhao X: MethylatedSFRP2 and SDC2 in stool specimens for Colorectal Cancer early detection: A cost-effective strategy for Chinese population. J Cancer. 12:2665–2672. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Esteller M, Toyota M, Sanchez-Cespedes M, Capella G, Peinado MA, Watkins DN, Issa JP, Sidransky D, Baylin SB and Herman JG: Inactivation of the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase by promoter hypermethylation is associated with G to A mutations in K-ras in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 60:2368–2371. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Shima K, Morikawa T, Baba Y, Nosho K, Suzuki M, Yamauchi M, Hayashi M, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS and Ogino S: MGMT promoter methylation, loss of expression and prognosis in 855 colorectal cancers. Cancer Causes Control. 22:301–309. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Sartore-Bianchi A, Amatu A, Bonazzina E, Stabile S, Giannetta L, Cerea G, Schiavetto I, Bencardino K, Funaioli C, Ricotta R, et al: Pooled analysis of clinical outcome of patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated within phase I/II clinical studies based on individual biomarkers of susceptibility: A single-institution experience. Target Oncol. 12:525–533. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Freitas M, Ferreira F, Carvalho S, Silva F, Lopes P, Antunes L, Salta S, Diniz F, Santos LL, Videira JF, et al: A novel DNA methylation panel accurately detects colorectal cancer independently of molecular pathway. J Transl Med. 16:452018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Qu X, Zhai Y, Wei H, Zhang C, Xing G, Yu Y and He F: Characterization and expression of three novel differentiation-related genes belong to the human NDRG gene family. Mol Cell Biochem. 229:35–44. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Vaes N, Schonkeren SL, Rademakers G, Holland AM, Koch A, Gijbels MJ, Keulers TG, de Wit M, Moonen L, Van der Meer J, et al: Loss of enteric neuronal Ndrg4 promotes colorectal cancer via increased release of Nid1 and Fbln2. EMBO Rep. 22:e519132021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Imperiale TF, Ransohoff DF, Itzkowitz SH, Levin TR, Lavin P, Lidgard GP, Ahlquist DA and Berger BM: Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 370:1287–1297. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Bagheri H, Mosallaei M, Bagherpour B, Khosravi S, Salehi AR and Salehi R: TFPI2 and NDRG4 gene promoter methylation analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are novel epigenetic noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Gene Med. 22:e31892020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Rademakers G, Massen M, Koch A, Draht MX, Buekers N, Wouters K, Vaes N, De Meyer T, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, et al: Identification of DNA methylation markers for early detection of CRC indicates a role for nervous system-related genes in CRC. Clin Epigenetics. 13:802021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Mojtabanezhad Shariatpanahi A, Yassi M, Nouraie M, Sahebkar A, Varshoee Tabrizi F and Kerachian MA: The importance of stool DNA methylation in colorectal cancer diagnosis: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 13:e2007352018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Lu H, Huang S, Zhang X, Wang D, Zhang X, Yuan X, Zhang Q and Huang Z: DNA methylation analysis of SFRP2, GATA4/5, NDRG4 and VIM for the detection of colorectal cancer in fecal DNA. Oncol Lett. 8:1751–1756. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Xiao W, Zhao H, Dong W, Li Q, Zhu J, Li G, Zhang S and Ye M: Quantitative detection of methylated NDRG4 gene as a candidate biomarker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 9:1383–1387. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Wang C, Ouyang C, Cho M, Ji J, Sandhu J, Goel A, Kahn M and Fakih M: Wild-type APC is associated with poor survival in metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Oncologist. 26:208–214. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Matthaios D, Balgkouranidou I, Karayiannakis A, Bolanaki H, Xenidis N, Amarantidis K, Chelis L, Romanidis K, Chatzaki A, Lianidou E, et al: Methylation status of the APC and RASSF1A promoter in cell-free circulating DNA and its prognostic role in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 12:748–756. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Aitchison A, Hakkaart C, Day RC, Morrin HR, Frizelle FA and Keenan JI: APC mutations are not confined to hotspot regions in early-onset colorectal cancer. Cancers. 12:38292020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Nunes S, Moreira-Barbosa C, Salta S, Palma De Sousa S, Pousa I, Oliveira J, Soares M, Rego L, Dias T, Rodrigues J, et al: Cell-free DNA methylation of selected genes allows for early detection of the major cancers in women. Cancers. 10:3572018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Liang T, Wang H, Zheng Y, Cao Y, Wu X, Zhou X and Dong S: APC hypermethylation for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis and literature review. Oncotarget. 8:46468–46479. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Loh K, Chia JA, Greco S, Cozzi SJ, Buttenshaw RL, Bond CE, Simms LA, Pike T, Young JP, Jass JR, et al: Bone morphogenic protein 3 inactivation is an early and frequent event in colorectal cancer development. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 47:449–460. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Houshmand M, Abbaszadegan MR and Kerachian MA: Assessment of bone morphogenetic protein 3 methylation in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer. Middle East J Dig Dis. 9:158–163. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Rokni P, Shariatpanahi AM, Sakhinia E and Kerachian MA: BMP3 promoter hypermethylation in plasma-derived cell-free DNA in colorectal cancer patients. Genes Genom. 40:423–428. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Kisiel JB, Yab TC, Nazer HF, Taylor WR, Garrity-Park MM, Sandborn WJ, Loftus EV, Wolff BG, Smyrk TC, Itzkowitz SH, et al: Stool DNA testing for the detection of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 37:546–554. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Redwood DG, Asay ED, Blake ID, Sacco PE, Christensen CM, Sacco FD, Tiesinga JJ, Devens ME, Alberts SR, Mahoney DW, et al: Stool DNA testing for screening detection of colorectal neoplasia in alaska native people. Mayo Clin Proc. 91:61–70. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

El BK, Tariq K, Himri I, Jaafari A, Smaili W, Kandhro AH, Gouri A and Ghazi B: Decoding colorectal cancer epigenomics. Cancer Genet. 220:49–76. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Baek YH, Chang E, Kim YJ, Kim BK, Sohn JH and Park DI: Stool methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of colorectal neoplasia in Korean patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 52:1452–1459, 1459-1463. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Grady WM, Yu M and Markowitz SD: Epigenetic alterations in the gastrointestinal tract: Current and emerging use for biomarkers of cancer. Gastroenterology. 160:690–709. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Laugsand EA, Brenne SS and Skorpen F: DNA methylation markers detected in blood, stool, urine, and tissue in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of paired samples. Int J Colorectal Dis. 36:239–251. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Musher BL, Melson JE, Amato G, Chan D, Hill M, Khan I, Kochuparambil ST, Lyons SE, Orsini JJ Jr, Pedersen SK, et al: Evaluation of circulating tumor DNA for methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 to detect recurrence of stage II/stage III colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 29:2702–2709. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Rasmussen SL, Krarup HB, Sunesen KG, Johansen MB, Stender MT, Pedersen IS, Madsen PH and Thorlacius-Ussing O: Hypermethylated DNA, a circulating biomarker for colorectal cancer detection. PLoS One. 12:e1808092017. View Article : Google Scholar

67 

Yu J, Xie Y, Li M, Zhou F, Zhong Z, Liu Y, Wang F and Qi J: Association between SFRP promoter hypermethylation and different types of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncol Lett. 18:3481–3492. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

68 

Hu H, Wang T, Pan R, Yang Y, Li B, Zhou C, Zhao J, Huang Y and Duan S: Hypermethylated promoters of secreted frizzled-related protein genes are associated with colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res. 25:567–575. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Hattori N, Sako M, Kimura K, Iida N, Takeshima H, Nakata Y, Kono Y and Ushijima T: Novel prodrugs of decitabine with greater metabolic stability and less toxicity. Clin Epigenetics. 11:1112019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Boughanem H, Cabrera-Mulero A, Hernandez-Alonso P, Clemente-Postigo M, Casanueva FF, Tinahones FJ, Morcillo S, Crujeiras AB and Macias-Gonzalez M: Association between variation of circulating 25-OH vitamin D and methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 in colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 12:832020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Kumar A, Gosipatala SB, Pandey A and Singh P: Prognostic relevance of SFRP1 gene promoter methylation in colorectal carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 20:1571–1577. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Bagci B, Sari M, Karadayi K, Turan M, Ozdemir O and Bagci G: KRAS, BRAF oncogene mutations and tissue specific promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor SFRP2, DAPK1, MGMT, HIC1 and p16 genes in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Biomark. 17:133–143. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

van Loon K, Huijbers E and Griffioen AW: Secreted frizzled-related protein 2: A key player in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 40:191–203. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Karam RA, Zidan HE, Abd Elrahman TM, Badr SA and Amer SA: Study of p16 promoter methylation in Egyptian colorectal cancer patients. J Cell Biochem. 120:8581–8587. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

75 

Ye X, Mo M, Xu S, Yang Q, Wu M, Zhang J, Chen B, Li J, Zhong Y, Huang Q and Cai C: The hypermethylation of p16 gene exon 1 and exon 2: Potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer and are associated with cancer pathological staging. BMC Cancer. 18:10232018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Lee M, Sup HW, Kyoung KO, Hee SS, Sun CM, Lee SN and Koo H: Prognostic value of p16INK4a and p14ARF gene hypermethylation in human colon cancer. Pathol Res Pract. 202:415–424. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Kim SH, Park KH, Shin SJ, Lee KY, Kim TI, Kim NK, Rha SY, Roh JK and Ahn JB: p16 hypermethylation and KRAS mutation are independent predictors of cetuximab plus FOLFIRI chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Res Treat. 48:208–215. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Shademan M, Zare K, Zahedi M, Mosannen MH, Bagheri HH, Ghaffarzadegan K, Goshayeshi L and Dehghani H: Promoter methylation, transcription, and retrotransposition of LINE-1 in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Cancer Cell Int. 20:4262020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Schauer SN, Carreira PE, Shukla R, Gerhardt DJ, Gerdes P, Sanchez-Luque FJ, Nicoli P, Kindlova M, Ghisletti S, Santos AD, et al: L1 retrotransposition is a common feature of mammalian hepatocarcinogenesis. Genome Res. 28:639–653. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Baba Y, Yagi T, Sawayama H, Hiyoshi Y, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N and Baba H: Long interspersed element-1 methylation level as a prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal cancers. Digestion. 97:26–30. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Jiang AC, Buckingham L, Bishehsari F, Sutherland S, Ma K and Melson JE: Correlation of LINE-1 hypomethylation with size and pathologic extent of dysplasia in colorectal tubular adenomas. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 12:e003692021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Barchitta M, Quattrocchi A, Maugeri A, Vinciguerra M, Agodi A and Katoh M: LINE-1 hypomethylation in blood and tissue samples as an epigenetic marker for cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 9:e1094782014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Ye D, Jiang D, Li Y, Jin M and Chen K: The role of LINE-1 methylation in predicting survival among colorectal cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Oncol. 22:749–757. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Boughanem H, Martin-Nunez GM, Torres E, Arranz-Salas I, Alcaide J, Morcillo S, Tinahones FJ, Crujeiras AB and Macias-Gonzalez M: Impact of tumor LINE-1 methylation level and neoadjuvant treatment and its association with colorectal cancer survival. J Pers Med. 10:2192020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Nagai Y, Sunami E, Yamamoto Y, Hata K, Okada S, Murono K, Yasuda K, Otani K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, et al: LINE-1 hypomethylation status of circulating cell-free DNA in plasma as a biomarker for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 8:11906–11916. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Symonds EL, Pedersen SK, Murray DH, Jedi M, Byrne SE, Rabbitt P, Baker RT, Bastin D and Young GP: Circulating tumour DNA for monitoring colorectal cancer-a prospective cohort study to assess relationship to tissue methylation, cancer characteristics and surgical resection. Clin Epigenetics. 10:632018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Javierre BM, Rodriguez-Ubreva J, Al-Shahrour F, Corominas M, Grana O, Ciudad L, Agirre X, Pisano DG, Valencia A, Roman-Gomez J, et al: Long-range epigenetic silencing associates with deregulation of Ikaros targets in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res. 9:1139–1151. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Mitchell S, Ho T, Brown G, Baker R, Thomas M, McEvoy A, Xu Z, Ross J, Lockett T, Young G, et al: Evaluation of methylation biomarkers for detection of circulating tumor DNA and application to colorectal cancer. Genes (Basel). 7:1252016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Pedersen SK, Symonds EL, Baker RT, Murray DH, McEvoy A, Van Doorn SC, Mundt MW, Cole SR, Gopalsamy G, Mangira D, et al: Evaluation of an assay for methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 in plasma for detection of colorectal neoplasia. BMC Cancer. 15:6542015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Symonds EL, Pedersen SK, Baker RT, Murray DH, Gaur S, Cole SR, Gopalsamy G, Mangira D, LaPointe LC and Young GP: A blood test for methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 vs. a fecal immunochemical test for detection of colorectal neoplasia. Clin Transl Gastroen. 7:e1372016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Symonds EL, Pedersen SK, Murray D, Byrne SE, Roy A, Karapetis C, Hollington P, Rabbitt P, Jones FS, LaPointe L, et al: Circulating epigenetic biomarkers for detection of recurrent colorectal cancer. Cancer. 126:1460–1469. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Murray DH, Symonds EL, Young GP, Byrne S, Rabbitt P, Roy A, Cornthwaite K, Karapetis CS and Pedersen SK: Relationship between post-surgery detection of methylated circulating tumor DNA with risk of residual disease and recurrence-free survival. J Cancer Res Clin. 144:1741–1750. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Pasha HF, Mohamed RH and Radwan MI: RASSF1A and SOCS1 genes methylation status as a noninvasive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark. 24:241–247. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

Blanchard TG, Czinn SJ, Banerjee V, Sharda N, Bafford AC, Mubariz F, Morozov D, Passaniti A, Ahmed H and Banerjee A: Identification of cross talk between FoxM1 and RASSF1A as a therapeutic target of colon cancer. Cancers (Basel). 11:1992019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

95 

Sanduleanu S and Siersema PD: Laterally spreading tumor through the magnifying glass: We only see what we know. Endoscopy. 48:421–423. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

96 

Ni HB, Wang FY, Xu J, He XJ, Chen J, Wu Q, Wu JF and Sun YS: Screening and identification of a tumor specific methylation phenotype in the colorectal laterally spreading tumor. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 21:2611–2616. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

97 

Sun X, Yuan W, Hao F and Zhuang W: Promoter methylation of RASSF1A indicates prognosis for patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Med Sci Monitor. 23:5389–5395. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

98 

Hu F, Chen L, Bi MY, Zheng L, He JX, Huang YZ, Zhang Y, Zhang XL, Guo Q, Luo Y, et al: Potential of RASSF1A promoter methylation as a biomarker for colorectal cancer: Meta-analysis and TCGA analysis. Pathol Res Pract. 216:1530092020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Shi B, Chu J, Gao Q and Tian T: Promoter methylation of human mutL homolog 1 and colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther. 14:851–855. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Sun SY, Hu XT, Yu XF, Zhang YY, Liu XH, Liu YH, Wu SH, Li YY, Cui SX and Qu XJ: Nuclear translocation of ATG5 induces DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D)/microsatellite instability (MSI) via interacting with Mis18alpha in colorectal cancer. Br J Pharmacol. 178:2351–2369. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

101 

Zhang H, Lu Y, Xie Z and Wang K: Relationship between human mutL Homolog 1 (hMLH1) hypermethylation and colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Med Sci Monitor. 23:3026–3038. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

102 

Chung C: Predictive and prognostic biomarkers with therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer: A 2021 update on current development, evidence, and recommendation. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 107815522110055252021.PubMed/NCBI

103 

Fu T, Liu Y, Li K, Wan W, Pappou EP, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Kerner Z, Baylin SB, Wolfgang CL and Ahuja N: Tumors with unmethylated MLH1 and the CpG island methylator phenotype are associated with a poor prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer patients. Oncotarget. 7:86480–86489. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

Kuan JC, Wu CC, Sun CA, Chu CM, Lin FG, Hsu CH, Kan PC, Lin SC, Yang T and Chou YC: DNA methylation combinations in adjacent normal colon tissue predict cancer recurrence: Evidence from a clinical cohort study. PLoS One. 10:e1233962015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Maier S, Dahlstroem C, Haefliger C, Plum A and Piepenbrock C: Identifying DNA methylation biomarkers of cancer drug response. Am J Pharmacogenomics. 5:223–232. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

106 

Jover R, Nguyen TP, Perez-Carbonell L, Zapater P, Paya A, Alenda C, Rojas E, Cubiella J, Balaguer F, Morillas JD, et al: 5-Fluorouracil adjuvant chemotherapy does not increase survival in patients with CpG island methylator phenotype colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 140:1174–1181. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

Oliver JA, Ortiz R, Jimenez-Luna C, Cabeza L, Perazzoli G, Caba O, Mesas C, Melguizo C and Prados J: MMR-proficient and MMR-deficient colorectal cancer cells: 5-Fluorouracil treatment response and correlation to CD133 and MGMT expression. J Biosci. 45:1212020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

108 

Cheng X, Xu X, Chen D, Zhao F and Wang W: Therapeutic potential of targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 110:473–481. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

109 

Gujral TS, Chan M, Peshkin L, Sorger PK, Kirschner MW and MacBeath G: A noncanonical Frizzled2 pathway regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Cell. 159:844–856. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Qi L, Chen J, Zhou B, Xu K, Wang K, Fang Z, Shao Y, Yuan Y, Zheng S and Hu W: HomeoboxC6 promotes metastasis by orchestrating the DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin axis in right-sided colon cancer. Cell Death Dis. 12:3372021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Chen X, Liu HL, Zhao FH, Jiao ZX, Wang JS and Dang YM: Wnt5a plays controversial roles in cancer progression. Chin Med Sci J. 35:357–365. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Kim SH, Park KH, Shin SJ, Lee KY, Kim TI, Kim NK, Rha SY and Ahn JB: CpG island methylator phenotype and methylation of Wnt pathway genes together predict survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Yonsei Med J. 59:5882018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Hibi K, Mizukami H, Goto T, Kitamura Y, Sakata M, Saito M, Ishibashi K, Kigawa G, Nemoto H and Sanada Y: WNT5A gene is aberrantly methylated from the early stages of colorectal cancers. Hepatogastroenterology. 56:1007–1009. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

114 

Jiang G, Lin J, Wang W, Sun M, Chen K and Wang F: WNT5A promoter methylation is associated with better responses and longer progression-free survival in colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Genet Test Mol Bioma. 21:74–79. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

115 

Draht M, Goudkade D, Koch A, Grabsch HI, Weijenberg MP, van Engeland M, Melotte V and Smits KM: Prognostic DNA methylation markers for sporadic colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Clin Epigenetics. 10:352018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

116 

Nagaraju GP, Kasa P, Dariya B, Surepalli N, Peela S and Ahmad S: Epigenetics and therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal malignancies. Drug Discov Today. S1359-6446(21)00202-6. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

117 

Jung G, Hernández-Illán E, Moreira L, Balaguer F and Goel A: Epigenetics of colorectal cancer: Biomarker and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Gastro Hepat. 17:111–130. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

118 

Cervena K, Siskova A, Buchler T, Vodicka P and Vymetalkova V: Methylation-based therapies for colorectal cancer. Cells-Basel. 9:15402020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

119 

Singh M, Kumar V, Sehrawat N, Yadav M, Chaudhary M, Upadhyay SK, Kumar S, Sharma V, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N and Sharma AK: Current paradigms in epigenetic anticancer therapeutics and future challenges. Semin Cancer Biol. S1044-579X(21)00063-8. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

120 

Wei T, Lin Y, Tang S, Luo C, Tsai C, Shun C and Chen C: Metabolic targeting of HIF-1α potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer. Oncogene. 39:414–427. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Li J, Su X, Dai L, Chen N, Fang C, Dong Z, Fu J, Yu Y, Wang W, Zhang H, et al: Temporal DNA methylation pattern and targeted therapy in colitis-associated cancer. Carcinogenesis. 41:235–244. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Pechalrieu D, Etievant C and Arimondo PB: DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in cancer: From pharmacology to translational studies. Biochem Pharmacol. 129:1–13. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

123 

Kisiel JB, Klepp P, Allawi HT, Taylor WR, Giakoumopoulos M, Sander T, Yab TC, Moum BA, Lidgard GP, Brackmann S, et al: Analysis of DNA methylation at specific loci in stool samples detects colorectal cancer and high-grade dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 17:914–921.e5. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

Chen J, Sun H, Tang W, Zhou L, Xie X, Qu Z, Chen M, Wang S, Yang T, Dai Y, et al: DNA methylation biomarkers in stool for early screening of colorectal cancer. J Cancer. 10:5264–5271. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Pan Y, Liu G, Zhou F, Su B and Li Y: DNA methylation profiles in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Clin Exp Med. 18:1–14. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kong C and Fu T: Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 46: 177, 2021.
APA
Kong, C., & Fu, T. (2021). Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review). Oncology Reports, 46, 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8128
MLA
Kong, C., Fu, T."Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review)". Oncology Reports 46.2 (2021): 177.
Chicago
Kong, C., Fu, T."Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review)". Oncology Reports 46, no. 2 (2021): 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8128
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kong C and Fu T: Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 46: 177, 2021.
APA
Kong, C., & Fu, T. (2021). Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review). Oncology Reports, 46, 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8128
MLA
Kong, C., Fu, T."Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review)". Oncology Reports 46.2 (2021): 177.
Chicago
Kong, C., Fu, T."Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review)". Oncology Reports 46, no. 2 (2021): 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8128
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team