β‑glucan vaccine adjuvant approach for cancer treatment through immune enhancement (B‑VACCIEN) in specific immunocompromised populations (Review)

Ikewaki,Nobunao; Dedeepiya,Vidyasagar Devaprasad; Raghavan,Kadalraja; Rao,Kosagi-Sharaf; Vaddi,Suryaprakash; Osawa,Hiroshi; Kisaka,Tomohiko; Kurosawa,Gene; Srinivasan,Subramaniam; Kumar,Seydunganallu Ramasamy Balaganesa; Senthilkumar,Rajappa; Iwasaki,Masaru; Preethy,Senthilkumar; Abraham,Samuel J.K.

doi:10.3892/or.2021.8225

β‑glucan vaccine adjuvant approach for cancer treatment through immune enhancement (B‑VACCIEN) in specific immunocompromised populations (Review)

Authors:
- Nobunao Ikewaki
- Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya
- Kadalraja Raghavan
- Kosagi-Sharaf Rao
- Suryaprakash Vaddi
- Hiroshi Osawa
- Tomohiko Kisaka
- Gene Kurosawa
- Subramaniam Srinivasan
- Seydunganallu Ramasamy Balaganesa Kumar
- Rajappa Senthilkumar
- Masaru Iwasaki
- Senthilkumar Preethy
- Samuel J.K. Abraham
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Affiliations: Department of Medical Life Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882‑8508, Japan, The Mary‑Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Kenmax Medical Service Private Limited, Tallakulam, Madurai 625002, India, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services of Panama (INDICASAT‑AIP), Clayton 88888, Republic of Panama, Department of Urology, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana 50008, India, Clinical Services Department, Omote Medical Clinic, Chiba 296‑8602, Japan, Division of Biodesign, Office of Research and Academic‑Government‑Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739‑8511, Japan, Department of Academic Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470‑1192, Japan, Department of Sociology, Manonmaniyam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tamil Nadu 627012, India, The Fujio‑Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India, Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi‑ School of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi 409‑3898, Japan
Published online on: November 11, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8225
Article Number: 14

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Abstract

The incidence of cancer, which is the second leading cause of mortality globally, continues to increase, although continued efforts are being made to identify effective treatments with fewer side‑effects. Previous studies have reported that chronic microinflammation, which occurs in diseases, including diabetes, along with weakened immune systems, may ultimately lead to cancer development. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the mainstream approaches to treatment; however, they all lead to immune system weakness, which in turn increases the metastatic spread. The aim of the present review was to provide evidence of a biological response modifier β‑glucan [β‑glucan vaccine adjuvant approach to treating cancer via immune enhancement (B‑VACCIEN)] and its beneficial effects, including vaccine‑adjuvant potential, balancing metabolic parameters (including blood glucose and lipid levels), increasing peripheral blood cell cytotoxicity against cancer and alleviating chemotherapy side effects in animal models. This suggests its value as a potential strategy to provide long‑term prophylaxis in immunocompromised individuals or genetically prone to cancer.

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