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Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Anoosha Saud
    • Sreenivasa R. Sagineedu
    • Hui-Suan Ng
    • Johnson Stanslas
    • Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Chemistry, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Article Number: 217
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    Published online on: October 21, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8432
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Abstract

Melanoma is an extremely aggressive form of skin cancer that can spread to the lungs, brain, and liver, among other vital organs. Melanoma cells, unlike any other cancer cells, can produce significant amounts of melanin by a process known as melanogenesis, causing them to become heavily pigmented. Melanogenesis, specifically the melanin pigment, is well known for its ability to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV light, which can lead to the development of skin cancer. Nevertheless, uncontrolled melanogenesis plays a role in the advancement of melanotic melanoma, and melanin pigments can reduce the effectiveness of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, studies are being performed that focus on inhibiting melanogenesis to prevent melanoma metastasis. However, it is worth noting that, in addition to its UV‑protective function, melanin also plays a role in preventing melanoma metastasis. Microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) and melanin have been demonstrated to attenuate the aggressiveness of melanoma by suppressing numerous essential metastatic processes. Eumelanin and pheomelanin (two types of melanin), which cause oxidative stress, can also prevent melanoma progression in the early stages. Hence, it is vital to explore the role of inducing melanogenesis rather than inhibiting melanogenesis in preventing melanoma metastasis.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Saud A, Sagineedu SR, Ng H, Stanslas J and Lim JC: Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review). Oncol Rep 48: 217, 2022.
APA
Saud, A., Sagineedu, S.R., Ng, H., Stanslas, J., & Lim, J.C. (2022). Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review). Oncology Reports, 48, 217. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8432
MLA
Saud, A., Sagineedu, S. R., Ng, H., Stanslas, J., Lim, J. C."Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review)". Oncology Reports 48.6 (2022): 217.
Chicago
Saud, A., Sagineedu, S. R., Ng, H., Stanslas, J., Lim, J. C."Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review)". Oncology Reports 48, no. 6 (2022): 217. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8432
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Saud A, Sagineedu SR, Ng H, Stanslas J and Lim JC: Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review). Oncol Rep 48: 217, 2022.
APA
Saud, A., Sagineedu, S.R., Ng, H., Stanslas, J., & Lim, J.C. (2022). Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review). Oncology Reports, 48, 217. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8432
MLA
Saud, A., Sagineedu, S. R., Ng, H., Stanslas, J., Lim, J. C."Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review)". Oncology Reports 48.6 (2022): 217.
Chicago
Saud, A., Sagineedu, S. R., Ng, H., Stanslas, J., Lim, J. C."Melanoma metastasis: What role does melanin play? (Review)". Oncology Reports 48, no. 6 (2022): 217. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8432
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