Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
January-2023 Volume 49 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2023 Volume 49 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.xlsx
Article

Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

  • Authors:
    • Hongbo Wang
    • Ming Zhang
    • Wencheng Lu
    • Chao Yuan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Spinal Surgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 23
    |
    Published online on: December 9, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8460
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide. Bone metastasis is one of the main problems arising from prostate cancer. Spondin 2 is a diagnostic marker specific for prostate cancer; however, the role of spondin 2 in prostate cancer‑driven osteogenesis remains unclear. The present study was carried out to explore the role of spondin 2 on prostate cancer cell‑induced osteogenesis. In the present study, the expression of spondin 2 was analyzed in prostate cancer samples obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. The supernatant of prostate cancer cells was used to treat the osteoblast precursor MC3T3‑E1 cell line to determine the effect of spondin 2 on osteoblasts. The effect of spondin 2 on osteogenic factor production was also examined after neutralization with a spondin 2 antibody in vitro via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the effect of spondin 2 on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was assessed using a patient dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas and in vitro via western blot analysis. In addition, an inhibitor of spondin 2 receptor (ATN‑161) was used to explore the inhibition effect of spondin 2 receptor in MC3T3‑E1 cells. The results showed that spondin 2 promoted Osterix and Runx2 expression in osteoblasts, and this process was tightly associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the function of spondin 2 on prostate cancer‑driven osteogenesis at least partly relied on the integrin receptor α5β1. These results demonstrated that spondin 2 boosts osteogenesis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway under conditions of prostate tumor progression.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A and Bray F: Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 71:209–249. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Guise TA, Mohammad KS, Clines G, Stebbins EG, Wong DH, Higgins LS, Vessella R, Corey E, Padalecki S, Suva L and Chirgwin JM: Basic mechanisms responsible for osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastases. Clin Cancer Res. 12:6213s–6216s. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, Van den Broeck T, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, Fanti S, Fossati N, Gandaglia G, Gillessen S, et al: EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II-2020 update: Treatment of relapsing and metastatic prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 79:263–282. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Clezardin P, Coleman R, Puppo M, Ottewell P, Bonnelye E, Paycha F, Confavreux CB and Holen I: Bone metastasis: Mechanisms, therapies, and biomarkers. Physiol Rev. 101:797–855. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Dayyani F, Varkaris A, Araujo JC, Song JH, Chatterji T, Trudel GC, Logothetis CJ and Gallick GE: Increased serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with prolonged response to dasatinib-based regimens in metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate. 73:979–985. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Zhang C, Long F, Wan J, Hu Y and He H: MicroRNA-205 acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma via targeting RUNX2. Oncol Rep. 35:3275–3284. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Jagga S, Sharma AR, Kim EJ and Nam JS: Isoflavone-enriched whole soy milk powder stimulates osteoblast differentiation. J Food Sci Technol. 58:595–603. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Choi YH, Han Y, Jin SW, Lee GH, Kim GS, Lee DY, Chung YC, Lee KY and Jeong HG: Pseudoshikonin I enhances osteoblast differentiation by stimulating Runx2 and Osterix. J Cell Biochem. 119:748–757. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Li Y, Cao C, Jia W, Yu L, Mo M, Wang Q, Huang Y, Lim JM, Ishihara M, Wells L, et al: Structure of the F-spondin domain of mindin, an integrin ligand and pattern recognition molecule. EMBO J. 28:286–297. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Parry R, Schneider D, Hudson D, Parkes D, Xuan JA, Newton A, Toy P, Lin R, Harkins R, Alicke B, et al: Identification of a novel prostate tumor target, mindin/RG-1, for antibody-based radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 65:8397–8405. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Qian X, Li C, Pang B, Xue M, Wang J and Zhou J: Spondin-2 (SPON2), a more prostate-cancer-specific diagnostic biomarker. PLoS One. 7:e372252012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhang Q, Wang XQ, Wang J, Cui SJ, Lou XM, Yan B, Qiao J, Jiang YH, Zhang LJ, Yang PY and Liu F: Upregulation of spondin-2 predicts poor survival of colorectal carcinoma patients. Oncotarget. 6:15095–15110. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Feng Y, Hu Y, Mao Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Xue W and Cheng S: Upregulation of spondin-2 protein expression correlates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Int Med Res. 47:569–579. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Schmid F, Wang Q, Huska MR, Andrade-Navarro MA, Lemm M, Fichtner I, Dahlmann M, Kobelt D, Walther W, Smith J, et al: SPON2, a newly identified target gene of MACC1, drives colorectal cancer metastasis in mice and is prognostic for colorectal cancer patient survival. Oncogene. 35:5942–5952. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Huang C, Ou R, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li J, Liang Y, Zhu X, Liu L, Li M, Lin D, et al: Tumor cell-derived SPON2 promotes M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and cancer progression by activating PYK2 in CRC. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 40:3042021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yang RS, Lin WL, Chen YZ, Tang CH, Huang TH, Lu BY and Fu WM: Regulation by ultrasound treatment on the integrin expression and differentiation of osteoblasts. Bone. 36:276–283. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ylitalo EB, Thysell E, Jernberg E, Lundholm M, Crnalic S, Egevad L, Stattin P, Widmark A, Bergh A and Wikström P: Subgroups of castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases defined through an inverse relationship between androgen receptor activity and immune response. Eur Urol. 71:776–787. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, Paulovich A, Pomeroy SL, Golub TR, Lander ES and Mesirov JP: Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:15545–15550. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Vo BT, Morton D Jr, Komaragiri S, Millena AC, Leath C and Khan SA: TGF-β effects on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion are mediated by PGE2 through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Endocrinology. 154:1768–1779. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Tan M, Xu J, Siddiqui J, Feng F and Sun Y: Depletion of SAG/RBX2 E3 ubiquitin ligase suppresses prostate tumorigenesis via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Mol Cancer. 15:812016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhang YL, Li Q, Yang XM, Fang F, Li J, Wang YH, Yang Q, Zhu L, Nie HZ, Zhang XL, et al: SPON2 Promotes M1-like macrophage recruitment and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by distinct integrin-Rho GTPase-hippo pathways. Cancer Res. 78:2305–2317. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Jiang W, Takeshita N, Maeda T, Sogi C, Oyanagi T, Kimura S, Yoshida M, Sasaki K, Ito A and Takano-Yamamoto T: Connective tissue growth factor promotes chemotaxis of preosteoblasts through integrin α5 and Ras during tensile force-induced intramembranous osteogenesis. Sci Rep. 11:23682021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bai G, Cai Z, Zhai X, Xiong J, Zhang F and Li H: A new nomogram for the prediction of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. J Int Med Res. 49:30006052110583642021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lee Y, Schwarz E, Davies M, Jo M, Gates J, Wu J, Zhang X and Lieberman JR: Differences in the cytokine profiles associated with prostate cancer cell induced osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions in bone. J Orthop Res. 21:62–72. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Boucher J, Balandre AC, Debant M, Vix J, Harnois T, Bourmeyster N, Péraudeau E, Chépied A, Clarhaut J, Debiais F, et al: Cx43 present at the leading edge membrane governs promigratory effects of osteoblast-conditioned medium on human prostate cancer cells in the context of bone metastasis. Cancers (Basel). 12:30132020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Rubin J, Fan X, Rahnert J, Sen B, Hsieh CL, Murphy TC, Nanes MS, Horton LG, Beamer WG and Rosen CJ: IGF-I secretion by prostate carcinoma cells does not alter tumor-bone cell interactions in vitro or in vivo. Prostate. 66:789–800. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tucci M, Mosca A, Lamanna G, Porpiglia F, Terzolo M, Vana F, Cracco C, Russo L, Gorzegno G, Tampellini M, et al: Prognostic significance of disordered calcium metabolism in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 12:94–99. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Marie PJ: Targeting integrins to promote bone formation and repair. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 9:288–295. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Xu X, Zhang C, Trotter TN, Gowda PS, Lu Y, Ponnazhagan S, Javed A, Li J and Yang Y: Runx2 deficiency in osteoblasts promotes myeloma progression by altering the bone microenvironment at new bone sites. Cancer Res. 80:1036–1048. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Liu Q, Li M, Wang S, Xiao Z, Xiong Y and Wang G: Recent advances of osterix transcription factor in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 8:6012242020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yuan G, Lian Z, Liu Q, Lin X, Xie D, Song F, Wang X, Shao S, Zhou B, Li C, et al: Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR inhibitor PKI-402 inhibits breast cancer induced osteolysis. Cancer Lett. 443:135–144. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Zhu WB, Xiao N and Liu XJ: Dietary flavonoid tangeretin induces reprogramming of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Lett. 15:433–440. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Le B, Powers GL, Tam YT, Schumacher N, Malinowski RL, Steinke L, Kwon G and Marker PC: Multi-drug loaded micelles delivering chemotherapy and targeted therapies directed against HSP90 and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer. PLoS One. 12:e01746582017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

LoRusso PM: Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 34:3803–3815. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Liu H, Li X, Lin J and Lin M: Morroniside promotes the osteogenesis by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 85:332–339. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Chang L, Graham PH, Hao J, Ni J, Bucci J, Cozzi PJ, Kearsley JH and Li Y: PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors enhance radiosensitivity in radioresistant prostate cancer cells through inducing apoptosis, reducing autophagy, suppressing NHEJ and HR repair pathways. Cell Death Dis. 5:e14372014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Berrak O, Arisan ED, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Coker-Gürkan A and Palavan-Unsal N: mTOR is a fine tuning molecule in CDK inhibitors-induced distinct cell death mechanisms via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis in prostate cancer cells. Apoptosis. 21:1158–1178. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Zhang M, Lu W and Yuan C: Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Oncol Rep 49: 23, 2023.
APA
Wang, H., Zhang, M., Lu, W., & Yuan, C. (2023). Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Oncology Reports, 49, 23. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8460
MLA
Wang, H., Zhang, M., Lu, W., Yuan, C."Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway". Oncology Reports 49.1 (2023): 23.
Chicago
Wang, H., Zhang, M., Lu, W., Yuan, C."Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway". Oncology Reports 49, no. 1 (2023): 23. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8460
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Zhang M, Lu W and Yuan C: Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Oncol Rep 49: 23, 2023.
APA
Wang, H., Zhang, M., Lu, W., & Yuan, C. (2023). Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Oncology Reports, 49, 23. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8460
MLA
Wang, H., Zhang, M., Lu, W., Yuan, C."Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway". Oncology Reports 49.1 (2023): 23.
Chicago
Wang, H., Zhang, M., Lu, W., Yuan, C."Prostate cancer cell‑derived spondin 2 boosts osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway". Oncology Reports 49, no. 1 (2023): 23. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8460
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team