Open Access

Tryptophan metabolism: From physiological functions to key roles and therapeutic targets in cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Jiawei Zhao
    • Xiaohui Bai
    • Jingjing Du
    • Yujing Chen
    • Xiaotong Guo
    • Juzheng Zhang
    • Jinfeng Gan
    • Peitao Wu
    • Siqi Chen
    • Xinwen Zhang
    • Jinfeng Yang
    • Jiamin Jin
    • Li Gao
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 28, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8919
  • Article Number: 86
  • Copyright: © Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is a complex and important biochemical process in humans. It is vital in protein synthesis and is a precursor of various bioactive molecules. Trp is metabolized through the kynurenine, serotonin and indole pathways, mediating diverse physiological functions, including neurotransmitter synthesis, immune regulation, antioxidant effects, and biosynthesis of niacin and melatonin. These metabolic pathways maintain essential functions under normal physiological conditions. However, they are significantly affected by various types of cancers. Trp metabolites regulate tumor angiogenesis, affect the self‑renewal of cancer stem cells, and participate in immune evasion and cell death through complex mechanisms. As the mechanisms underlying Trp metabolism in diseases are increasingly being elucidated, targeting Trp metabolic pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying Trp metabolism and its role in diseases may provide new perspectives and approaches for diagnosing and treating diseases.
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July-2025
Volume 54 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Zhao J, Bai X, Du J, Chen Y, Guo X, Zhang J, Gan J, Wu P, Chen S, Zhang X, Zhang X, et al: Tryptophan metabolism: From physiological functions to key roles and therapeutic targets in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 54: 86, 2025.
APA
Zhao, J., Bai, X., Du, J., Chen, Y., Guo, X., Zhang, J. ... Gao, L. (2025). Tryptophan metabolism: From physiological functions to key roles and therapeutic targets in cancer (Review). Oncology Reports, 54, 86. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8919
MLA
Zhao, J., Bai, X., Du, J., Chen, Y., Guo, X., Zhang, J., Gan, J., Wu, P., Chen, S., Zhang, X., Yang, J., Jin, J., Gao, L."Tryptophan metabolism: From physiological functions to key roles and therapeutic targets in cancer (Review)". Oncology Reports 54.1 (2025): 86.
Chicago
Zhao, J., Bai, X., Du, J., Chen, Y., Guo, X., Zhang, J., Gan, J., Wu, P., Chen, S., Zhang, X., Yang, J., Jin, J., Gao, L."Tryptophan metabolism: From physiological functions to key roles and therapeutic targets in cancer (Review)". Oncology Reports 54, no. 1 (2025): 86. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8919