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Review Open Access

Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Wenli Xu
    • Zhifei Bi
    • Li Lu
    • Fuqiang Feng
    • Laizhao Chen
    • Chengwu Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 4.0].
  • Article Number: 136
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    Published online on: August 7, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8969
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Abstract

Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein secreted by various types of cells, and serves multiple physiological roles such as modulating bone cell maturation, immune responses, tissue repair and regeneration. Aberrant OPN expression contributes to tumor genesis and development. This indicates that OPN serves a crucial role in tumor genesis and could serve as a potential target for tumor interventions. The present review firstly introduces the molecular structure, receptors and physiological functions of OPN. Subsequently, the present review elaborately addresses the pivotal role served by OPN, and its mechanism in tumor initiation and progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, the present review summarizes currently reported OPN‑based tumor intervention strategies. Lastly, the present review also provides perspectives on how to deepen the insights into the exact role of OPN in tumorigenesis, with the aim of aiding the development of novel strategies for tumor therapeutics. The present review broadens the knowledge regarding the pathophysiological role of OPN, so that novel OPN‑based cancer treatment strategies may be proposed.
View Figures

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the
protein structure of OPN. Full-length OPN-a derived from the SPP1
gene contains seven exons, while other variants of OPN derived from
the SPP1 gene lack distinct exons. OPN-b derived from the SPP1 gene
lacks exon 5; OPN-c derived from the SPP1 gene lacks exon 4; OPN4
derived from the SPP1 gene lacks exons 4 and 5; and OPN5 derived
from the SPP1 gene with one extra exon between exons 3 and 4. COOH,
carboxyl group; NH2, amino group; OPN, osteopontin; RGD,
arginine-glycine-aspartic acid; SPP1, secretory phosphoprotein 1;
SVVYGLR,
serine-valine-valinetyrosine-glutamate-leucine-arginine.

Figure 2

Representative signaling pathways
involved in OPN participating in cancer genesis and development.
Black arrows indicates that OPN initiates the signaling pathway,
while red arrows indicate that the signaling pathway ends with OPN
modulation. APC, adenomatous polyposis coli; EMT,
epithelial-mesenchymal transition; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide
synthase; HGFR, hepatocyte growth factor receptor; HIF1α,
hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; ILK, integrin linked kinase; JAK2,
Janus kinase 2; MKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MLK3,
mixed lineage kinase 3; NO, nitric oxide; OPN, osteopontin; Pak1,
p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol
(3,4,5)-trisphosphate; S1004A, S100 calcium
binding protein A4; Tcf4, transcription factor 4; Tiam1, TIAM Rac1
associated GEF 1; u-PA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu W, Bi Z, Lu L, Feng F, Chen L and Zhang C: Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review). Oncol Rep 54: 136, 2025.
APA
Xu, W., Bi, Z., Lu, L., Feng, F., Chen, L., & Zhang, C. (2025). Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review). Oncology Reports, 54, 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8969
MLA
Xu, W., Bi, Z., Lu, L., Feng, F., Chen, L., Zhang, C."Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review)". Oncology Reports 54.5 (2025): 136.
Chicago
Xu, W., Bi, Z., Lu, L., Feng, F., Chen, L., Zhang, C."Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review)". Oncology Reports 54, no. 5 (2025): 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8969
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu W, Bi Z, Lu L, Feng F, Chen L and Zhang C: Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review). Oncol Rep 54: 136, 2025.
APA
Xu, W., Bi, Z., Lu, L., Feng, F., Chen, L., & Zhang, C. (2025). Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review). Oncology Reports, 54, 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8969
MLA
Xu, W., Bi, Z., Lu, L., Feng, F., Chen, L., Zhang, C."Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review)". Oncology Reports 54.5 (2025): 136.
Chicago
Xu, W., Bi, Z., Lu, L., Feng, F., Chen, L., Zhang, C."Role of osteopontin in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapeutics (Review)". Oncology Reports 54, no. 5 (2025): 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8969
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