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BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Xuewen Luo
    • Yuqin Wei
    • Hanxin Lin
    • Ning Xiao
    • Wei Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Guangxi Medical University Graduate School, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Luo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 147
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    Published online on: September 1, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8980
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Abstract

Radioresistance is a major obstacle to effective radiotherapy in breast cancer. BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B) is involved in numerous biological processes associated with cancer; however, its specific role in mediating radioresistance in breast cancer remains poorly characterized. The present study first evaluated its expression profile and association with patient prognosis through bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, BUB1B expression in various breast cancer cell lines was validated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Following short hairpin RNA‑mediated knockdown of BUB1B in MDA‑MB‑231 cells, the impact of BUB1B on the biological functions and radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells was investigated using Cell Counting Kit‑8, colony formation, EdU staining, gap closure, Transwell, immunofluorescence and comet assays, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, and in vivo xenograft tumor experiments. Downstream signaling pathways regulated by BUB1B were identified via RNA sequencing and western blotting. The results revealed that BUB1B expression was elevated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and higher BUB1B expression was associated with poorer prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Functional investigations demonstrated that BUB1B may facilitate the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, BUB1B had a significant influence on the radioresistance of breast cancer, and promoted homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair and cell cycle arrest. At the molecular level, BUB1B may exert its effects through regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. In conclusion, these findings indicated that BUB1B may be a potential therapeutic target to overcome radioresistance in breast cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

BUB1B is highly expressed in breast
cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. (A) BUB1B
expression in healthy and breast cancer tissues in the UALCAN
database. Compared with the Normal group, the P-values for Luminal,
HER2-positive and triple-negative groups were all <0.001. (B)
Expression levels of BUB1B in GSE38959 and GSE65194 datasets. (C)
Receiver operating characteristic curve based on BUB1B mRNA
expression levels. (D) bc-GenExMiner website was used to evaluate
the association between BUB1B and DMFS. (E) mRNA expression levels
of BUB1B in normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. Data
are presented as the mean ± SD, n=3. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001,
****P<0.0001 vs. MCF-10A (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's
post hoc test). (F) Comparative GSEA was conducted using
transcriptomics data from the GSE38959 dataset. Four representative
plots of GSEA enrichment have been demonstrated. AUC, area under
the curve; BUB1B, BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase
B; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; GSEA, gene set
enrichment analysis; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Figure 2

BUB1B promotes the proliferation of
MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo and in vitro. BUB1B
expression in MDA-MB-231 cells stably infected with NC or shBUB1B
was detected by (A) western blotting and (B) reverse
transcription-quantitative PCR. ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 vs.
NC (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test). (C) Cell
Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of
MDA-MB-231 cells. *P<0.05, ****P<0.0001 vs. NC (two-way ANOVA
followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test). (D) Colony
formation assay was used to detect the colony-forming ability of
MDA-MB-231 cells. ***P<0.001 vs. NC (unpaired Student's t-test).
(E) EdU assay of DNA replication in MDA-MB-231 cells. Scale bar, 50
µm; magnification, ×200. **P<0.01 vs. NC (unpaired Student's
t-test). (B-E) Data are presented as the mean ± SD, n=3. (F)
Xenograft tumor assay validated the effect of BUB1B on cell
proliferation in vivo. Data are presented as the mean ± SD,
n=5. ***P<0.001 vs. NC (unpaired Student's t-test). (G) TUNEL
and Ki67 were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tumor
tissues. Scale bar, 50 µm; magnification, ×200. BUB1B, BUB1 mitotic
checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B; NC, negative control; sh,
short hairpin.

Figure 3

BUB1B promotes the migration and
invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. (A) Representative images and (B)
quantitative analysis of cell migration assessed using the gap
closure assay. Scale bar, 50 µm; magnification, ×200. ***P<0.001
vs. NC (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons
test). (C) Representative images and (D) quantitative analysis of
migratory and invasive capacity of cells detected by Transwell
assay. Scale bar, 50 µm; magnification, ×200. **P<0.01 vs. NC
(unpaired Student's t-test). (E) Representative immunofluorescence
staining images of the EMT markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and
vimentin. (F) Semi-quantitative analysis of NC and shBUB1B cells
after irradiation. Scale bar, 20 µm; magnification, ×400.
**P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NC (unpaired Student's t-test). (G)
Representative images and (H) semi-quantitative analysis of the EMT
markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin detected by western
blot analysis. **P<0.01 vs. NC (unpaired Students' t-test). All
data are presented as the mean ± SD, n=3. BUB1B, BUB1 mitotic
checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B; NC, negative control; sh,
short hairpin.

Figure 4

BUB1B serves an importatn role in the
cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair after irradiation. (A)
Representative flow cytometry plots of cell cycle analysis and (B)
quantitative analysis of NC and shBUB1B cells after irradiation.
**P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NC (two-way ANOVA followed by
Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test). (C) Representative γ-H2AX
immunofluorescence images and (D) semi-quantitative analysis of NC
and shBUB1B cells after irradiation. Scale bar, 20 µm;
magnification, ×400. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001 vs.
NC (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons
test). (A-D) Data are presented as the mean ± SD, n=3. (E)
Representative images of the comet assay and (F) tail moment
quantification analysis in MDA-MB-231 cells in the NC and shBUB1B
groups after irradiation. Data are presented as the mean ± SD,
n=20. Scale bar, 20 µm; magnification, ×400. ****P<0.0001 vs. NC
(unpaired Student's t-test). (G) Representative images and (H)
semi-quantitative analysis of RAD51 protein levels detected by
western blot analysis. ****P<0.0001 vs. NC (unpaired Student's
t-test). All data are presented as the mean ± SD, n=3. BUB1B, BUB1
mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B; IR, ionizing
radiation; NC, negative control; sh, short hairpin.

Figure 5

BUB1B regulates the PI3K/AKT
signaling pathway. (A) GO and (B) KEGG enrichment analyses of
differentially expressed genes in irradiated shBUB1B MDA-MB-231
cells vs. irradiated NC MDA-MB-231 cells. (C) After irradiation, a
volcano plot of the genes that were differentially expressed in
irradiated shBUB1B MDA-MB-231 cells vs. irradiated NC MDA-MB-231
cells was generated (P<0.05, |log2FC|≥1). (D) Representative
images and (E) semi-quantitative analysis of the protein levels in
the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway determined by western blotting. Data
are presented as the mean ± SD, n=3. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001,
****P<0.0001 vs. NC (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's
multiple comparisons test. BUB1B, BUB1 mitotic checkpoint
serine/threonine kinase B; GO, Gene Ontology; IR, ionizing
radiation; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; NC,
negative control; ns, not significant; p-, phosphorylated; sh,
short hairpin.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Luo X, Wei Y, Lin H, Xiao N and Zhao W: BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 54: 147, 2025.
APA
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Lin, H., Xiao, N., & Zhao, W. (2025). BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 54, 147. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8980
MLA
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Lin, H., Xiao, N., Zhao, W."BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 54.5 (2025): 147.
Chicago
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Lin, H., Xiao, N., Zhao, W."BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 54, no. 5 (2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8980
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Luo X, Wei Y, Lin H, Xiao N and Zhao W: BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 54: 147, 2025.
APA
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Lin, H., Xiao, N., & Zhao, W. (2025). BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 54, 147. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8980
MLA
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Lin, H., Xiao, N., Zhao, W."BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 54.5 (2025): 147.
Chicago
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Lin, H., Xiao, N., Zhao, W."BUB1B promotes homologous recombination‑mediated DNA damage repair in breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 54, no. 5 (2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8980
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