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Oncology Reports
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Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
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March-2026 Volume 55 Issue 3

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

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An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

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Review Open Access

Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Ming Qiu
    • Chongyuan Lan
    • Minglin Lin
    • Hui Ma

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China, Department of Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Qiu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 52
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    Published online on: January 21, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9057
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer‑related mortalities. Surgery‑centered multimodal therapy remains the cornerstone of care, yet outcomes are poor in advanced or drug‑resistant disease. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a network of immune cells, cytokines and stromal elements, shapes antitumor immunity and can either restrain or encourage tumor growth. Specific immune cells within the TIME influence CRC biology, while immune‑checkpoint blockade has delivered notable benefits, especially in microsatellite instability‑high tumors. The present review discusses the principal immune cell populations in the CRC TIME, outlines their mechanisms of action and discusses emerging cell‑based immunotherapies that may guide future precision treatment.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Qiu M, Lan C, Lin M and Ma H: <p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>. Oncol Rep 55: 52, 2026.
APA
Qiu, M., Lan, C., Lin, M., & Ma, H. (2026). <p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>. Oncology Reports, 55, 52. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9057
MLA
Qiu, M., Lan, C., Lin, M., Ma, H."<p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55.3 (2026): 52.
Chicago
Qiu, M., Lan, C., Lin, M., Ma, H."<p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55, no. 3 (2026): 52. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9057
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Qiu M, Lan C, Lin M and Ma H: <p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>. Oncol Rep 55: 52, 2026.
APA
Qiu, M., Lan, C., Lin, M., & Ma, H. (2026). <p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>. Oncology Reports, 55, 52. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9057
MLA
Qiu, M., Lan, C., Lin, M., Ma, H."<p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55.3 (2026): 52.
Chicago
Qiu, M., Lan, C., Lin, M., Ma, H."<p>Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55, no. 3 (2026): 52. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9057
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