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Review Open Access

Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhao Guo
    • Haoyan Zhuang
    • Qingfeng Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China, Department of Anorectal, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China, Department of General Surgery, Liaoning JinQiu Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Guo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 64
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    Published online on: February 3, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9069
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Abstract

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence, while it is the second leading cause of cancer‑related mortality. The high incidence and mortality rates of CRC pose a considerable challenge to global human health. Currently, surgical treatment and chemotherapy, which exert unsatisfactory clinical benefits in patients with CRC, are posing major issues in clinical practice, including recurrence, drug resistance and drug toxicity. Therefore, novel treatment approaches for CRC are urgently needed. Emerging evidence has suggested that exosomes carry out a key role in the occurrence and development of CRC, thus attracting considerable attention from researchers. However, exosomes act in a source‑dependent manner as exosomes from different sources can exhibit distinct roles in the onset and progression of CRC. The present review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of exosomes from different sources on promoting or inhibiting CRC. Additionally, the potential of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC are also discussed, thus providing a foundation for the future application of exosomes in managing CRC.

View Figures

Figure 1

Classification of extracellular
vesicles.

Figure 2

Time line diagram illustrating key
events in the origin and development of exosome research.

Figure 3

Different sources of exosomes. DC,
dendritic cells; NE, neutrophils; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; NK,
natural killer cells; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; OC, ovarian
cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer; BC, breast cancer; GC, gastric
cancer; PCa, prostate cancer; BLCa, bladder cancer; CCA,
cholangiocarcinoma; MM, melanoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung
cancer; SCCHN, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 4

Dual roles of exosomes from different
sources in CRC. Red arrows indicate tumor promoters, while green
arrows indicate tumor suppressors. B-MSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal
stem cells; UC-MSCs, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells;
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NK, natural killer cells; DC,
dendritic cells; CRC, colorectal cancer; CAFs, cancer-associated
fibroblasts.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Guo Z, Zhuang H and Liu Q: <p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>. Oncol Rep 55: 64, 2026.
APA
Guo, Z., Zhuang, H., & Liu, Q. (2026). <p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>. Oncology Reports, 55, 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9069
MLA
Guo, Z., Zhuang, H., Liu, Q."<p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55.4 (2026): 64.
Chicago
Guo, Z., Zhuang, H., Liu, Q."<p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55, no. 4 (2026): 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9069
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Guo Z, Zhuang H and Liu Q: <p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>. Oncol Rep 55: 64, 2026.
APA
Guo, Z., Zhuang, H., & Liu, Q. (2026). <p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>. Oncology Reports, 55, 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9069
MLA
Guo, Z., Zhuang, H., Liu, Q."<p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55.4 (2026): 64.
Chicago
Guo, Z., Zhuang, H., Liu, Q."<p>Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review)</p>". Oncology Reports 55, no. 4 (2026): 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9069
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