Other forms of oxidized LDL: Emerging functions (Review)

Daher,Jalil

doi:10.3892/wasj.2020.45

Other forms of oxidized LDL: Emerging functions (Review)

Authors:
- Jalil Daher
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Biology, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
Published online on: April 13, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2020.45
Article Number: 4
Copyright: © Daher . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease related to subendothelial accumulation of the oxidized forms of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The mechanisms through which LDLs are oxidized in the system remain controversial. In the present review article, an LDL oxidized by myeloperoxidase is proposed as the most pathophysiological model of LDL oxidation. This would facilitate future studies and may aid in the development of more effective methods with which to elucidate the molecular pathways that are promoted by myeloperoxidase-oxidized LDLs (Mox-LDL) in endothelial cell dysfunction and macrophage activation. This may also aid scientists in the further understanding of the molecular pathobiology of atherosclerosis and in the improvement of treatment methods.

View Figures

View References

1	Lind L: Circulating markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 169:203–214. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
2	Noels H and Weber C: Editorial comment: Catching up with important players in atherosclerosis: Type 1 interferons and neutrophils. Curr Opin Lipidol. 22:144–145. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
3	Weber C and Noels H: Atherosclerosis: Current pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Nat Med. 17:1410–1422. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
4	Heinecke JW: Oxidants and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: Implications for the oxidized low density lipoprotein hypothesis. Atherosclerosis. 141:1–15. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
5	Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC and Witztum JL: Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med. 320:915–924. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
6	Yoshida H and Kisugi R: Mechanisms of LDL oxidation. Clin Chim Acta. 411:1875–1882. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
7	Chen K, Thomas SR and Keaney JF Jr: Beyond LDL oxidation: ROS in vascular signal transduction. Free Radic Biol Med. 35:117–132. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
8	Obama T, Kato R, Masuda Y, Takahashi K, Aiuchi T and Itabe H: Analysis of modified apolipoprotein B-100 structures formed in oxidized low-density lipoprotein using LC-MS/MS. Proteomics. 7:2132–2141. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
9	Sparrow CP, Parthasarathy S and Steinberg D: Enzymatic modification of low density lipoprotein by purified lipoxygenase plus phospholipase A2 mimics cell-mediated oxidative modification. J Lipid Res. 29:745–753. 1988.PubMed/NCBI
10	Malle E, Waeg G, Schreiber R, Gröne EF, Sattler W and Gröne HJ: Immunohistochemical evidence for the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/halide system in human atherosclerotic lesions: Colocalization of myeloperoxidase and hypoch. Eur J Biochem. 267:4495–4503. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
11	Hazell LJ, Arnold L, Flowers D, Waeg G, Malle E and Stocker R: Presence of hypochlorite-modified proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. J Clin Invest. 97:1535–1544. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
12	Hansson GK: Regulation of immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 947:157–166. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
13	Vanhamme L, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Van Antwerpen P and Delporte C: The other myeloperoxidase: Emerging functions. Arch Biochem Biophys. 649:1–14. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
14	Brennan ML, Penn MS, Van Lente F, Nambi V, Shishehbor MH, Aviles RJ, Goormastic M, Pepoy ML, McErlean ES, Topol EJ, et al: Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in patients with chest pain. N Engl J Med. 349:1595–1604. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
15	Baldus S, Heeschen C, Meinertz T, Zeiher AM, Eiserich JP, Munzel T, Simmons ML and Hamm CW: CAPTURE Investigators: Myeloperoxidase serum levels predict risk in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 108:1440–1445. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
16	Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Vanhamme L, Roumeguère T and Zouaoui Boudjeltia K: Low-density lipoprotein modified by myeloperoxidase in inflammatory pathways and clinical studies. Mediators Inflamm. 2013(971579)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
17	Kruth HS, Huang W, Ishii I and Zhang WY: Macrophage foam cell formation with native low density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem. 277:34573–34580. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
18	Vicca S, Hennequin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Massy ZA, Descamps-Latscha B, Drüeke TB and Lacour B: Caspase-dependent apoptosis in THP-1 cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 273:948–954. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
19	Daher J, Martin M, Rousseau A, Nuyens V, Fayyad-Kazan H, Van Antwerpen P, Courbebaisse G, Martiat P, Badran B, Dequiedt F, et al: Myeloperoxidase oxidized LDL interferes with endothelial cell motility through miR-22 and heme oxygenase 1 induction: Possible involvement in reendothelialization of vascular injuries. Mediators Inflamm. 2014(134635)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
20	Chellan B, Rojas E, Zhang C and Hofmann Bowman MA: Enzyme-modified non-oxidized LDL (ELDL) induces human coronary artery smooth muscle cell transformation to a migratory and osteoblast-like phenotype. Sci Rep. 8(11954)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
21	El Samad G, Bazzi S, Karam M, Boudjeltia KZ, Vanhamme L and Daher J: Effect of myeloperoxidase modified LDL on bovine and human aortic endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med. 18:4567–4574. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
22	Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Daher J, Van Antwerpen P, Moguilevsky N, Delree P, Ducobu J, Raes M, Badran B, Vanhaeverbeek M, Brohee D, et al: Exposure of endothelial cells to physiological levels of myeloperoxidase-modified LDL delays pericellular fibrinolysis. PLoS One. 7(e38810)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar