Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
World Academy of Sciences Journal
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2632-2900 Online ISSN: 2632-2919
Journal Cover
September-October 2025 Volume 7 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-October 2025 Volume 7 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study

  • Authors:
    • Ahmed Mohamedain
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 36361, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    Copyright: © Mohamedain et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 79
    |
    Published online on: June 19, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.367
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a hemoglobin fraction used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and its related complications. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the association between HbA1c and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Thus, the present study aimed to provide insight into this association. For this purpose, a school‑based case‑control study was conducted from September to December, 2022. The present study included both adolescents with IDA (the study population) and healthy adolescents without anemia (the control group). Hemoglobin, HbA1c and serum ferritin levels were measured using standard methods. A total of 47 cases (adolescents with IDA) and 94 controls (adolescents without IDA) were enrolled in the present study. The two groups exhibited no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), or blood glucose levels. In total, 27 of the cases (57.4%) and 48 of the controls (51.1%) were female (P=0.591). The median (interquartile range) of the HbA1c was 5.4% (5.3=5.7%) in the cases and 5.5% (5.1=5.8%) in the controls (P=0.890). In multivariate linear analysis, age, sex, BMI and iron deficiency (coefficient = 0.008; 95% CI, ‑0.16‑0.17; P=0.929) were not associated with HbA1c. On the whole, the present study found no difference in HbA1c in adolescents with and without IDA.
View Figures

Figure 1

Glycated hemoglobin levels in
adolescents with iron deficiency anemia and those without this
condition.
View References

1 

World Health Organization (WHO): WHO Global Anaemia estimates, 2021 edition. WHO, Geneva, 2022.

2 

Gardner WM, Razo C, McHugh TA, Hagins H, Vilchis-Tella VM, Hennessy C, Taylor H, Jean P, Nandita F, Kia C, et al: Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet Haematol. 10:e713–e734. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME): The Lancet: New study reveals global anemia cases remain persistently high among women and children. Anemia rates decline for men. IHME, Seattle, WA, 2023.

4 

Hamdan SZ, Hamdan HZ, Nimieri M and Adam I: The association between Helicobacter Pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Infect Dis. 17:59–70. 2022.

5 

International Expert Committee. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 32:1327–1334. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Aydın B, Özçelik S, Kilit TP, Eraslan S, Çelik M and Onbaşı K: Relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and iron deficiency anemia: A common but overlooked problem. Prim Care Diabetes. 16:312–317. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Sharda M, Gandhi N, Bansal D and Gadhwal M: Correlation of anemia with glycated hemoglobin among euglycemic type 2 diabetic patients. J Assoc Physicians India. 71:11–12. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Alzahrani BA, Salamatullah HK, Alsharm FS, Baljoon JM, Abukhodair AO, Ahmed ME, Malaikah H and Radi S: The effect of different types of anemia on HbA1c levels in non-diabetics. BMC Endocr Disord. 23(24)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Pilla R, Palleti SK, Rayala R, SKSS SR, Abdul Razzack A and Kalla S: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) variations in nondiabetics with nutritional anemia. Cureus. 12(e11479)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Intra J, Limonta G, Cappellini F, Bertona M and Brambilla P: Glycosylated hemoglobin in subjects affected by iron-deficiency anemia. Diabetes Metab J. 43:539–544. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Mahgoob MH and Moussa MM: Glycated albumin versus HbA1c as indicators of glycemic control in type I diabetic children with iron deficiency anemia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 29:151–157. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Solomon A, Hussein M, Negash M, Ahmed A, Bekele F and Kahase D: Effect of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c in diabetic patients at Tikur Anbessa specialized teaching hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. BMC Hematol. 19(2)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Satriawibawa IWE, Arimbawa IM, Ariawati K, Suparyatha IBG, Putra IGNS and Hartawan INB: Serum iron is negatively correlated with the HbA1c level in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 31:242–249. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Elmardi KA, Adam I, Malik EM, Ibrahim AA, Elhassan AH, Kafy HT, Nawai LM, Abdin MS and Kremers S: Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: Findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan. BMC Pediatr. 20(538)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Musa IR, Hassan AA and Adam I: Multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among adults in northern Sudan: A community-based cross-sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr. 43(13)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Abbas W, Elmugabil A, Hamdan HZ, Rayis DA and Adam I: Iron deficiency and thyroid dysfunction among sudanese women in first trimester of pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 23(223)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Omar SM, Musa IR, ElSouli A and Adam I: Prevalence, risk factors, and glycaemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in eastern Sudan: A community-based study. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 27(2042018819860071)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

World Health Organization (WHO): BMI-for-age (5-19 years). https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age.

19 

Ali SA, Hassan AA and Adam I: History of pica, obesity, and their associations with anemia in pregnancy: A community-based cross-sectional study. Life (Basel). 13(2220)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

World Health Organization (WHO): Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. WHO, Geneva, 2011.

21 

Thomas D, Chandra J, Sharma S, Jain A and Pemde HK: Determinants of nutritional anemia in adolescents. Indian Pediatr. 52:867–869. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Abbas W, Adam I, Rayis DA, Hassan NG and Lutfi MF: Higher rate of iron deficiency in obese pregnant sudanese women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 5:285–289. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Shaban L, Al-Taiar A, Rahman A, Al-Sabah R and Mojiminiyi O: Anemia and its associated factors among Adolescents in Kuwait. Sci Rep. 10(5857)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Scott S, Lahiri A, Sethi V, de Wagt A, Menon P, Yadav K, Varghese M, Joe W, Vir SC and Nguyen PH: Anaemia in Indians aged 10-19 years: Prevalence, burden and associated factors at national and regional levels. Matern Child Nutr. 18(e13391)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Dean AG, Sullivan KM and Soe MM: OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, version 2.3.1. http://www.OpenEpi.com.

26 

Kuang L, Li W, Xu G, You M, You M, Wu W and Li C: Systematic review and meta-analysis: Influence of iron deficiency anemia on blood glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. Ann Palliat Med. 10:11705–11713. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

AlQarni AM, Alghamdi AA, Aljubran HJ, Bamalan OA, Abuzaid AH and AlYahya MA: The effect of iron replacement therapy on HbA1c levels in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 12(7287)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Akkermans MD, Mieke Houdijk ECA, Bakker B, Boers AC, van der Kaay DCM, de Vries MC, Claire Woltering M, Mul D, van Goudoever JB and Brus F: Iron status and its association with HbA1c levels in Dutch children with diabetes mellitus type 1. Eur J Pediatr. 177:603–610. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Guo W, Zhou Q, Jia Y and Xu J: Increased levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c and iron deficiency anemia: A review. Med Sci Monit. 25:8371–8378. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Hellman R: When are HBA1C values misleading? AACE Clin Case Rep. 2:e377–e379. 2016.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Mohamedain A: Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study. World Acad Sci J 7: 79, 2025.
APA
Mohamedain, A. (2025). Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.367
MLA
Mohamedain, A."Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.5 (2025): 79.
Chicago
Mohamedain, A."Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 5 (2025): 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.367
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Mohamedain A: Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study. World Acad Sci J 7: 79, 2025.
APA
Mohamedain, A. (2025). Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.367
MLA
Mohamedain, A."Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.5 (2025): 79.
Chicago
Mohamedain, A."Iron deficiency anemia and glycated hemoglobin among adolescents: A case‑control study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 5 (2025): 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.367
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team