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Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study

  • Authors:
    • Tabarak J. Talab
    • Maryam M. Bakheet
    • Hiba Q. Mahmoud
    • Yusur F. Faraj
    • Maryam Q. Mohammed
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10061, Iraq, National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10015, Iraq
    Copyright: © Talab et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 127
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    Published online on: November 7, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.415
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Abstract

Body mass index (BMI) is a standard monitoring tool used to assess the health of an individual. The present study aimed to examine the effects of BMI values on the levels of blood parameters, lipid profiles, leptin and TNF‑α levels in 120 adult male participants with varying BMI categories. The age of the study subjects ranged between 30‑60 years. The results revealed that the level of hemoglobin and the number red blood cells were significantly decreased in the obese and underweight groups, while the number of the white blood cells was significantly increased (P<0.003) in the obese compared to the normal BMI group. Moreover, the platelet count was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the obese II and obese III groups. Furthermore, as regards the lipid profiles and according to the BMI categories, the cholesterol levels, triglycerides and low‑density lipoprotein level were increased in the obese I, II and III groups compared with the normal BMI group. However, high‑density lipoprotein levels (mg/dl) were decreased compared to the normal values in the obese I, II and III groups. Moreover, leptin hormone levels were highly significantly increased (P<0.003) in the obese II and obese III groups in comparison with the other BMI category groups. In addition, the TNF‑α levels was significantly increased (P<0.025) in the obese I, II and obese III groups. On the whole, the present study highlights the need for evaluating the levels of these parameters. This can help to identify individuals who are at risk at an early stage and guide focused medical interventions.
View Figures

Figure 1

Levels of (A) red blood cell counts
and (B) hemoglobin according to the BMI categories of the study
participants. In the graphs, bars marked by different lowercase
letters (a, b, c, d) indicate statistically significant differences
(P<0.05). The different BMI categories are explained in Table I. BMI, body mass index.

Figure 2

Comparison between (A) white blood
cells, (B) lymphocytes, (C) granulocytes, (D) monocyte, and (E)
platelets according to the BMI categories of the study
participants. In the graphs, bars marked by different lowercase
letters (a, b, c, d, e, f) indicate statistically significant
differences (P<0.05). The different BMI categories are explained
in Table I. BMI, body mass
index.

Figure 3

Lipid profile (mg/dl) levels
according to according to the BMI categories of the study
participants. (A) Cholesterol, (B) triglycerides, (C) low-density
lipoprotein, and (D) high-density lipoprotein. In the graphs, bars
marked by different lowercase letters (a, b, c, d) indicate
statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The different
BMI categories are explained in Table
I. BMI, body mass index.

Figure 4

Levels of Leptin according to
according to the BMI categories of the study participants. In the
graphs, bars marked by different lowercase letters (a, b, c, d, e,
f) indicate statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The
different BMI categories are explained in Table I. BMI, body mass index.

Figure 5

Measurement of tumor necrosis
factor-α levels according to the BMI categories of the study
participants. In the graphs, bars marked by different lowercase
letters (a, b, c, d, e, f) indicate statistically significant
differences (P<0.05). The different BMI categories are explained
in Table I. BMI, body mass
index.
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Spandidos Publications style
Talab TJ, Bakheet MM, Mahmoud HQ, Faraj YF and Mohammed MQ: Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study. World Acad Sci J 7: 127, 2025.
APA
Talab, T.J., Bakheet, M.M., Mahmoud, H.Q., Faraj, Y.F., & Mohammed, M.Q. (2025). Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 127. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.415
MLA
Talab, T. J., Bakheet, M. M., Mahmoud, H. Q., Faraj, Y. F., Mohammed, M. Q."Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.6 (2025): 127.
Chicago
Talab, T. J., Bakheet, M. M., Mahmoud, H. Q., Faraj, Y. F., Mohammed, M. Q."Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 6 (2025): 127. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.415
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Spandidos Publications style
Talab TJ, Bakheet MM, Mahmoud HQ, Faraj YF and Mohammed MQ: Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study. World Acad Sci J 7: 127, 2025.
APA
Talab, T.J., Bakheet, M.M., Mahmoud, H.Q., Faraj, Y.F., & Mohammed, M.Q. (2025). Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 127. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.415
MLA
Talab, T. J., Bakheet, M. M., Mahmoud, H. Q., Faraj, Y. F., Mohammed, M. Q."Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.6 (2025): 127.
Chicago
Talab, T. J., Bakheet, M. M., Mahmoud, H. Q., Faraj, Y. F., Mohammed, M. Q."Impact of body mass index stratification on immunological and biochemical profiles in adult males: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 6 (2025): 127. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.415
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