Desmoid‑type fibromatosis of the head and neck region: A case report and brief review of the literature

Desmoid‑type fibromatosis (DTF) is a rare tumor characterized by locally infiltrating mesenchymal growth. Its occurrence in the head and neck region is rare. The present study describes the case of a male pediatric patient diagnosed with DTF involving the level II. A 2‑year‑old male patient presented with a progressively enlarging left submandibular mass over a period of 3 months. The results of hematological tests were normal. A neck ultrasound revealed a well‑defined, lobulated hypoechoic left subcutaneous mass, measuring 38x31x27 mm, with mild vascularity and features suggestive of a suppurative or necrotic lymph node, accompanied by bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy with preserved morphology, with the largest node measuring 15x6 mm in the left level II. Computed tomography scan revealed no chest or abdominal abnormalities. The mass was completely excised, and a histopathological analysis confirmed DTF. The patient was discharged in good health. In addition, following a literature search, seven reported cases of DTF in the head and neck region were reviewed; the patients were aged 9 months to 42 years. DTF was found in the neck in 4 cases, in the mandible in 2 cases, and tongue in 1 case. Surgical excision led to uneventful outcomes for the majority of patients. DTF of the head and neck presents a complex clinical scenario. Its rarity and the challenges associated with diagnosis, location and treatment necessitate careful consideration, particularly in pediatric cases, in order to prevent unnecessary intervention and complications.