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Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Tasiu Hassan Aliyu
    • Mohini Singh
    • Richa Mishra
    • Prashant Kumar Tiwari
    • Santosh Kumar Mishra
    • Abdul Munafi Salisu Umar
    • Sanjay Kumar
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Biological and Bio‑Computational Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Bioscience and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India, Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Bioscience and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India, Department of Computer Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
    Copyright: © Aliyu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 37
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    Published online on: March 18, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.452
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Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is form of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood and is characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells that transfer normal cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a set of special RNAs resulting from the involving from the downstream splice donor and upstream splice acceptor. Several studies have verified that circRNAs have various functions in cancer cells, either by promoting or inhibiting tumor progression and harmonizing the biological activities of malignant tumors, as well as cell proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis. Exosomal circRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for a variety of diseases, such as cancer. They play a critical role in cancer metastasis. CircRNAs are stable and resistant to degradation compare to linear RNAs.  They exhibit severak advantages as biomarkers, including abundance, stability and specificity. Exosomal circRNAs plays various roles in cancer cells due to their intercellular communications. The present review mainly focuses on the role of exosomal circRNAs in AML, and their role as biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response. Furthermore, the present review discusses various avenues of exosomal circRNAs for therapeutic intervention, which may lead to the deepened of novel effective management strategies for AML.
View Figures

Figure 1

Biogenesis and secretion of exosomes.
(A) The invagination of plasma membrane leads to the early
formation of endosomes, which mature into late endosomes and are
fused with the multivesicular bodies, resulting in the released of
intra luminal vesicles as exosome sinto the extracellular space.
(B) The released exosome containing circular RNA.

Figure 2

Biogenesis of exosomal circular RNA.
Splicing; the pre-cursor mRNA undergoes splicing, in which the
introns are removes (non-coding regions) and joins exons (coding
regions) together. Circularization; in this step, the spliced RNA
is circularized through a process called back splicing, where the
splice donor site of one exon is joined to the splice acceptor site
of another exon.

Figure 3

(Top panel) Different examples of
exosomal circular RNAs which play a crucial role in AML
progression. CircRNA_0004913, CircRNA_00012152, CircRNA_0025202,
CircRNA_0033386, CircRNA_0014130 and CircRNA_0000190 are involved
in cell proliferation, while CircRNA_000493, CircRNA_0044516,
CircRNA_0025202 and CircRNA_0033386 are involved in cell survival.
(Bottom left panel) Exosomal circular RNA as AML biomarkers. The
following circRNAs, i.e., Circ_PAN3 and CircRNA_0009910 are
prognostic biomarkers and CircRNA_0014130, Circ_0072083 and
Circ_00064428 are diagnostic biomarkers. (Bottom right panel)
Different exosomal circular RNAs involved in AML therapy. These
includes CircRNA_000911, CircRNA_100070, and CircRNA_100053 which
facilitates drug resistance while Circ_foxo3 and Has_circ_0004277
which overcome drug resistance by inhibiting ABC transporters. AML,
acute myeloid leukemia.
View References

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Aliyu TH, Singh M, Mishra R, Tiwari PK, Mishra SK, Umar AM and Kumar S: Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review). World Acad Sci J 8: 37, 2026.
APA
Aliyu, T.H., Singh, M., Mishra, R., Tiwari, P.K., Mishra, S.K., Umar, A.M., & Kumar, S. (2026). Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.452
MLA
Aliyu, T. H., Singh, M., Mishra, R., Tiwari, P. K., Mishra, S. K., Umar, A. M., Kumar, S."Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.3 (2026): 37.
Chicago
Aliyu, T. H., Singh, M., Mishra, R., Tiwari, P. K., Mishra, S. K., Umar, A. M., Kumar, S."Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 3 (2026): 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.452
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Aliyu TH, Singh M, Mishra R, Tiwari PK, Mishra SK, Umar AM and Kumar S: Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review). World Acad Sci J 8: 37, 2026.
APA
Aliyu, T.H., Singh, M., Mishra, R., Tiwari, P.K., Mishra, S.K., Umar, A.M., & Kumar, S. (2026). Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.452
MLA
Aliyu, T. H., Singh, M., Mishra, R., Tiwari, P. K., Mishra, S. K., Umar, A. M., Kumar, S."Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.3 (2026): 37.
Chicago
Aliyu, T. H., Singh, M., Mishra, R., Tiwari, P. K., Mishra, S. K., Umar, A. M., Kumar, S."Exosomal circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Current updates and future prospects (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 3 (2026): 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.452
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