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Review Open Access

Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Sushmita Tiwari
    • Sangeeta Umesh Nayak
    • Madhumitha Muruganandam
    • Santhosh Kumar
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 575001, India, Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
    Copyright: © Tiwari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 82
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    Published online on: July 20, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.497
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Abstract

Biophotonics has emerged as a transformative interdisciplinary field that integrates optical science with biological systems to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in dentistry. Conventional diagnostic methods often detect oral diseases at advanced stages, whereas biophotonic technologies enable real-time, non-invasive and high-resolution assessments at the molecular and cellular levels. The present narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of light-tissue interactions and their clinical translation in dentistry. Key biophotonic modalities, including fluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, Raman spectroscopy, laser-based therapies, photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation, are discussed with respect to their mechanisms, applications, advantages and limitations. The present review further discusses their roles across major dental specialties, such as periodontology, endodontics, restorative dentistry, orthodontics, paediatric dentistry and oral oncology. Recent advancements highlight the integration of artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and multimodal imaging systems, enabling improved diagnostic accuracy, targeted therapy and personalized treatment planning. Despite these advantages, challenges, such as limited tissue penetration, high costs, the lack of standardization, and regulatory constraints continue to restrict widespread clinical adoption. Biophotonics represents a paradigm shift toward minimally invasive, precision-based dentistry. Continued research, technological innovation and clinical validation are essential to facilitate its transition into routine dental practice and to improve overall oral healthcare outcomes. 
View Figures

Figure 1

Mechanisms of light-tissue
interaction and host responses in dental biophotonics. LED,
light-emitting diode; PDT, photodynamic therapy; ROS, reactive
oxygen species.

Figure 2

Emerging biophotonic technologies and
future directions in dentistry, including integration of AI,
nanotechnology, multimodal imaging, and personalized therapeutic
approaches. AI, artificial intelligence; OCT, optical coherence
tomography; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PBM, photobiomodulation.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tiwari S, Nayak SU, Muruganandam M and Kumar S: Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review). World Acad Sci J 8: 82, 2026.
APA
Tiwari, S., Nayak, S.U., Muruganandam, M., & Kumar, S. (2026). Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.497
MLA
Tiwari, S., Nayak, S. U., Muruganandam, M., Kumar, S."Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.5 (2026): 82.
Chicago
Tiwari, S., Nayak, S. U., Muruganandam, M., Kumar, S."Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 5 (2026): 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.497
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tiwari S, Nayak SU, Muruganandam M and Kumar S: Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review). World Acad Sci J 8: 82, 2026.
APA
Tiwari, S., Nayak, S.U., Muruganandam, M., & Kumar, S. (2026). Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.497
MLA
Tiwari, S., Nayak, S. U., Muruganandam, M., Kumar, S."Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.5 (2026): 82.
Chicago
Tiwari, S., Nayak, S. U., Muruganandam, M., Kumar, S."Light-based technologies in dentistry: Biophotonic principles and clinical integration (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 5 (2026): 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.497
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