Differential expression of apoptosis-related factors induces the age-related apoptosis of the gracilis muscle in humans

Park,Soo Yeon; Lee,Jung Hwan; Kim,Ha Young; Yoon,Kyoung Ho; Park,Seong Kyu; Chang,Mun Seog

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2014.1675

Differential expression of apoptosis-related factors induces the age-related apoptosis of the gracilis muscle in humans

Authors:
- Soo Yeon Park
- Jung Hwan Lee
- Ha Young Kim
- Kyoung Ho Yoon
- Seong Kyu Park
- Mun Seog Chang
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Affiliations: Graduate School of Education, Yong In University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Department of Prescriptionology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
Published online on: February 27, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1675
Pages: 1110-1116
Copyright: © Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].

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Abstract

In the normal aging process, apoptosis has been implicated as a mechanism responsible for the loss of muscle cells and plays an important role in age-related muscle loss. Several signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle apoptosis are currently under intense investigation, particularly the caspase-independent pathway. This study investigated the age-related apoptotic changes occurring in the gracilis muscle in humans between 10 and 50 years of age. For this purpose, muscle samples were divided into 5 groups (n=8). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining and immunofluorescence detection were performed to determine the number of apoptotic muscle cells in each group. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors, such as Bcl-2, Bax, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), caspase-3 and calpain-1 were determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. TUNEL assay revealed a significant increase in gracilis muscle apoptosis with aging. The activity of caspase-3 in the gracilis muscle tended to change with age, although the changes were not significant, while the increase in DNA nuclei in muscle from 50 years of age (5.419±0.97) was associated with an increase in the expression of AIF, as observed both at protein (10-30%) and mRNA level (10-60%) in gracilis tissues. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the relative Bcl-2 expression decreased with aging, while Bax expression was upregulated compared to 10 ‑year‑olds. In addition, a double-labeling experiment with TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence revealed the co-localization of nuclear AIF-positive and TUNEL-labeled cells. This study suggests that apoptosis in gracilis skeletal muscle in the elderly is partly mediated through the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the degradation of AIF.

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