Determinants of serum manganese levels in an Italian population

Filippini,Tommaso; Michalke,Bernhard; Grill,Peter; Malagoli,Carlotta; Malavolti,Marcella; Vescovi,Luciano; Sieri,Sabina; Krogh,Vittorio; Cherubini,Andrea; Maffeis,Giuseppe; Lucchini,Roberto; Ferrante,Margherita; Vinceti,Marco

doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6379

Determinants of serum manganese levels in an Italian population

Authors:
- Tommaso Filippini
- Bernhard Michalke
- Peter Grill
- Carlotta Malagoli
- Marcella Malavolti
- Luciano Vescovi
- Sabina Sieri
- Vittorio Krogh
- Andrea Cherubini
- Giuseppe Maffeis
- Roberto Lucchini
- Margherita Ferrante
- Marco Vinceti
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Affiliations: CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D‑85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, IREN, I-42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori I‑20133 Milan, Italy, TerrAria s.r.l., I‑20125 Milan, Italy, Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, I‑25125 Brescia, Italy, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies ‘G.F. Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
Published online on: March 24, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6379
Pages: 3340-3349

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Abstract

Manganese (Mn) is both essential and toxic for humans, mainly depending on the total levels and its species. Main sources of exposure include food and air pollution, particularly motorized traffic. We sought to determine the potential influence of these sources on serum total levels of Mn and Mn species. We selected a random sample of municipality residents from an Italian urban municipality, from whom we collected detailed personal information, dietary habits and a blood sample for serum Mn determination. We also assessed outdoor air Mn exposure, by modeling levels of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) from motorized traffic at the residence of geocoded subjects. Serum Mn species generally showed higher levels in males and positive correlation with age, while no such differences were found according to smoking habits or use of dietary supplements. Among nutrients, only iron intake showed a relation with Mn [an inverse correlation with Mn‑ferritin (Mn‑Fer) and a direct one with inorganic‑Mn (Inorg‑Mn)]. Meat consumption directly correlated and fish and seafood inversely correlated with total Mn, Mn‑transferrin (Mn‑Tf) and Mn-citrate (Mn-Cit). Fruits and vegetables, including legumes and nuts, generally showed a positive correlation with all Mn species, especially Mn‑Cit, and an inverse one with Inorg‑Mn. Odds ratios (ORs) of having serum Mn levels above median value increased with increasing PM10 tertiles, with an OR for highest‑to‑lowest tertile of 7.40 (1.36‑40.25) in multivariate analysis. Analyses for Mn species did not highlight a clear comparable pattern. In conclusion, our results seem to demonstrate that PM10 exposure positively influences total Mn serum levels, while single Mn species show conflicting results.

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