1,3‑β‑Glucan affects the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines by promoting secretion of anti‑inflammatory cytokines in vitro

Chen,Ying; Dong,Lei; Weng,Dong; Liu,Fangwei; Song,Laiyu; Li,Cuiying; Tang,Wen; Chen,Jie

doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1553

1,3‑β‑Glucan affects the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines by promoting secretion of anti‑inflammatory cytokines in vitro

Authors:
- Ying Chen
- Lei Dong
- Dong Weng
- Fangwei Liu
- Laiyu Song
- Cuiying Li
- Wen Tang
- Jie Chen
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
Published online on: June 25, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1553
Pages: 708-712

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

1,3‑β‑glucan is considered a fungal biomarker and exposure to this agent induces lung inflammation. Previous studies have shown that 1,3‑β‑glucan affects Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Interleukin (IL)‑10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β, as typical anti‑inflammatory cytokines, suppress the Th1 immune response. To investigate the effects of 1,3‑β‑glucan on the secretion of cytokines in co‑cultured mouse macrophages and lymphocytes in vitro, mice were exposed to 1,3‑β‑glucan or phosphate‑buffered saline (PBS) by intratracheal instillation. Following extraction and co‑culture of macrophages and lymphocytes, which were treated with or without 1,3‑β‑glucan in vitro, enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of cytokines and real‑time reverse transcription (RT)‑polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the mRNA expression of forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) in the cells. We showed that 1,3‑β‑glucan exposure in vitro decreased the secretion of Th1 cytokines and increased the secretion of Th2 cytokines in the culture media. Furthermore, 1,3‑β‑glucan exposure in vitro increased the secretion of IL‑10 and TGF‑β in the culture media. According to these results, 1,3‑β‑glucan exposure in vitro is suggested to promote the secretion of anti‑inflammatory cytokines, which may lead to a decrease in the levels of Th1 cytokines and an increase in the levels of Th2 cytokines. 1,3‑β‑Glucan is suggested to induce regulatory lymphocytes, which partly contributes to an increased secretion of anti‑inflammatory cytokines in co‑cultured mouse macrophages and lymphocytes in vitro.

View Figures

View References

1	Rylander R: Airborne (1–3)-β-D-glucan and airway disease in a day-care center before and after renovation. Arch Environ Health. 52:281–285. 1997.
2	Rylander R, Thorn J and Attefors R: Airways inflammation among workers in a paper industry. Eur Respir J. 13:1151–1157. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Ronald LA, Davies HW, Bartlett KH, et al: Beta(1–3)-glucan exposure levels among workers in four British Columbia sawmills. Ann Agric Environ Med. 10:21–29. 2003.
4	Rylander R: Investigations of the relationship between disease and airborne (1–3)-beta-D-glucan in buildings. Mediators Inflamm. 6:275–277. 1997.
5	Rylander R: Indoor air-related effects and airborne (1–3)-beta-D-glucan. Environ Health Perspect. 107(Suppl 3): 501–503. 1999.
6	Brown GD and Gordon S: Fungal beta-glucans and mammalian immunity. Immunity. 19:311–315. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Rylander R and Lin RH: (1–3)-beta-D-glucan-relationship to indoor air-related symptoms, allergy and asthma. Toxicology. 152:47–52. 2000.
8	Berner MD, Sura ME, Alves BN and Hunter KW Jr: IFN-gamma primes macrophages for enhanced TNF-alpha expression in response to stimulatory and non-stimulatory amounts of microparticulate beta-glucan. Immunol Lett. 98:115–122. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M, Suzuki T, Suzuki T and Sakanaka M: Inhibitory effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1,3–1,6) d-glucan purified from Aureobasidium pullulans GM-NH-1A1 strain on food allergic reactions in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 7:963–972. 2007.
10	Xiao ZG, Trincado CA and Murtaugh MP: Beta-glucan enhancement of T cell IFNgamma response in swine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 102:315–320. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Wu HH, Weng BBC, Chen KL, Chiou PWS and Yu B: Effect of dietary supplementation of β-1,3–1,6-glucan on reproductive performance and immunity of New Zealand White does and their pups. Livest Sci. 135:70–75. 2011.
12	Sarinho E, Medeiros D, Schor D, et al: Production of interleukin-10 in asthmatic children after Beta-1–3-glucan. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 37:188–192. 2009.
13	Zhou LD, Zhang QH, Zhang Y, Liu J and Cao YM: The shiitake mushroom-derived immuno-stimulant lentinan protects against murine malaria blood-stage infection by evoking adaptive immune-responses. Int Immunopharmacol. 9:455–462. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
14	Olman MA and Matthay MA: Transforming growth factor-β induces fibrosis in immune cell-depleted lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 285:L522–L526. 2003.
15	Mosmann TR and Coffman RL: TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol. 7:145–173. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Wei WC, Su YH, Chen SS, Sheu JH and Yang NS: GM-CSF plays a key role in zymosan-stimulated human dendritic cells for activation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Cytokine. 55:79–89. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Coffman RL, Mocci S and O’Garra A: The stability and reversibility of Th1 and Th2 populations. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 238:1–12. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
18	Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA and Coffman RL: Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol. 136:2348–2357. 1986.
19	Hoffman OA, Olson EJ and Limper AH: Fungal beta-glucans modulate macrophage release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Immunol Lett. 37:19–25. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Sakurai T, Ohno N and Yadomae T: Effects of fungal beta-glucan and interferon-gamma on the secretory functions of murine alveolar macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 60:118–124. 1996.PubMed/NCBI
21	Abel G and Czop JK: Stimulation of human monocyte beta-glucan receptors by glucan particles induces production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. Int J Immunopharmacol. 14:1363–1373. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Liu FW, Weng D, Chen Y, et al: Depletion of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells with anti-CD25 antibody may exacerbate the 1,3-β-glucan-induced lung inflammatory response in mice. Arch Toxicol. 85:1383–1394. 2011.
23	Ding L and Shevach EM: IL-10 inhibits mitogen-induced T cell proliferation by selectively inhibiting macrophage costimulatory function. J Immunol. 148:3133–3139. 1992.PubMed/NCBI
24	Young SH, Ye J, Frazer DG, Shi X and Castranova V: Molecular mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in 1,3-beta-glucan (zymosan)-activated macrophages. J Biol Chem. 276:20781–20787. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Gantner BN, Simmons RM, Canavera SJ, Akira S and Underhill DM: Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2. J Exp Med. 197:1107–1117. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Li MO, Wan YY, Sanjabi S, Robertson AK and Flavell RA: Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 24:99–146. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	O’Garra A, Barrat FJ, Castro AG, Vicari A and Hawrylowicz C: Strategies for use of IL-10 or its antagonists in human disease. Immunol Rev. 223:114–131. 2008.
28	Moore KW, O’Garra A, de Waal Malefyt R, Vieira P and Mosmann TR: Interleukin-10. Annu Rev Immunol. 11:165–190. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29	Kankkunen P, Teiril L, Rintahaka J, Alenius H, Wolff H and Matikainen S: (1,3)-beta-glucans activate both dectin-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. J Immunol. 184:6335–6342. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30	Li B, Cramer D, Wagner S, et al: Yeast glucan particles activate murine resident macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines via MyD88- and Syk kinase-dependent pathways. Clin Immunol. 124:170–181. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar
31	Ganner A, Nitsch S, Erlacher K, Klimitsch A and Schatzmayr G: Ex vivo effect of yeast beta-glucan on lymphocyte viability and plasma IL-18 in weaning piglets. Livest Sci. 133:246–248. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar