Expression of circadian clock genes in human colorectal adenoma and carcinoma

Momma,Tomoyuki; Okayama,Hirokazu; Saitou,Masaru; Sugeno,Hidekazu; Yoshimoto,Nobuhiro; Takebayashi,Yuji; Ohki,Shinji; Takenoshita,Seiichi

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6876

Expression of circadian clock genes in human colorectal adenoma and carcinoma

Authors:
- Tomoyuki Momma
- Hirokazu Okayama
- Masaru Saitou
- Hidekazu Sugeno
- Nobuhiro Yoshimoto
- Yuji Takebayashi
- Shinji Ohki
- Seiichi Takenoshita
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Affiliations: Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
Published online on: September 4, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6876
Pages: 5319-5325
Copyright: © Momma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Circadian rhythms are fundamental biological systems in most organisms. Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that disruption of circadian rhythms is linked to tumor progression and mammalian tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance of in situ clock gene expression in precancerous and cancerous colorectal lesions remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate mRNA transcript levels of circadian clock genes within human colorectal cancer and adenoma tissue sections. Using in situ hybridization, the expression of key clock genes, including period circadian protein homolog (Per) 1 and 2, cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (Clock), brain and muscle ARNT‑like protein 1 (Bmal1) and casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) were retrospectively examined in 51 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 10 cases of adenoma. The expression of clock genes was almost undetectable in the majority of adenomas, whereas positive expression of clock genes was observed in 27‑47% of carcinomas. Notably, positive Per1, Per2 and Clock staining in colorectal carcinomas were each significantly associated with a larger tumor size (P=0.012, P=0.011 and P=0.009, respectively). Tumors with positive Per2 and Clock expression tended to exhibit deeper depth of invasion and were generally more advanced than tumors that did not express these genes (P=0.052 and P=0.064, respectively). However, no statistically significant association was observed between clock gene expression and clinicopathological variables, including histopathological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion or disease stage, although Per2‑positive tumors tended to be associated with poorer overall survival (P=0.060). The results of the current study suggest that dysregulated expression of clock genes may be important in human colorectal tumorigenesis.

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