Solamargine derived from Solanum nigrum induces apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells

Zhang,Xiuhua; Yan,Zhanpeng; Xu,Tingting; An,Zhentao; Chen,Wanzhen; Wang,Xiaosong; Huang,Mengmeng; Zhu,Fangshi

doi:10.3892/ol.2018.8171

Solamargine derived from Solanum nigrum induces apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells

Authors:
- Xiuhua Zhang
- Zhanpeng Yan
- Tingting Xu
- Zhentao An
- Wanzhen Chen
- Xiaosong Wang
- Mengmeng Huang
- Fangshi Zhu
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Affiliations: Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China, Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
Published online on: March 5, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8171
Pages: 6329-6335
Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Solamargine, an active ingredient of Solanum nigrum, has been previously revealed to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the effect of solamargine on human cholangiocarcinoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti‑cancer effect of solamargine was assessed in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. The results of the present study revealed that solamargine inhibited the viability of QBC939 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, solamargine significantly induced the apoptosis of QBC939 cells and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential of cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that solamargine decreased the mRNA level of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑extra‑large and X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein but increased the mRNA level of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax). In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that solamargine inhibited the protein expression of Bcl‑2 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and promoted the protein expression of Bax, cleaved PARP, caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 7. Therefore, the results of the present study revealed that solamargine may induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and alter the level of apoptosis‑associated proteins in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. This in vitro study demonstrated that solamargine may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent against cholangiocarcinoma in clinical practice.

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