Open Access

Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Patrick Reichl
    • Wolfgang Mikulits
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 1, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4842
  • Pages: 613-625
  • Copyright: © Reichl et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate detection and differential diagnosis of early HCC can significantly improve patient survival. Currently, detection of HCC in clinical practice is performed by diagnostic imaging techniques and determination of serum biomarkers, most notably α-fetoprotein (AFP), fucosylated AFP and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin. However, these methods display limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially with respect to early stages of HCC. Recently, high-throughput technologies have elucidated many new pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and have led to the discovery of a plethora of novel, non-invasive serum biomarkers. In particular, the combination of AFP with these new candidate molecules has yielded promising results. In this review, we aimed at recapitulating the most recent (2013-2015) developments in HCC biomarker research. We compared promising novel diagnostic serum protein biomarkers, such as annexin A2, the soluble form of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and thioredoxin, as well as their combinations with AFP. High diagnostic performance (area under the curve >0.75) as shown by threshold-independent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was a prerequisite for inclusion in this review. In addition, we discuss the role and potential of microRNAs in HCC diagnosis and associated methodological challenges.
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August-2016
Volume 36 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Reichl P and Reichl P: Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review). Oncol Rep 36: 613-625, 2016
APA
Reichl, P., & Reichl, P. (2016). Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review). Oncology Reports, 36, 613-625. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4842
MLA
Reichl, P., Mikulits, W."Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review)". Oncology Reports 36.2 (2016): 613-625.
Chicago
Reichl, P., Mikulits, W."Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review)". Oncology Reports 36, no. 2 (2016): 613-625. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4842