Radiological biomarkers for assessing response to locoregional therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: From morphological to functional imaging (Review)
- Authors:
- Xiao-Dan Ye
- Zuguo Yuan
- Jian Zhang
- Zheng Yuan
-
Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China, Radiation Oncology Center, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China, Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China - Published online on: February 3, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5420
- Pages: 1337-1346
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, Zhang S, Zeng H, Bray F, Jemal A, Yu XQ and He J: Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:115–132. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Forner A, Llovet JM and Bruix J: Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 379:1245–1255. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yaghmai V, Besa C, Kim E, Gatlin JL, Siddiqui NA and Taouli B: Imaging assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma response to locoregional and systemic therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201:80–96. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lewandowski RJ, Mulcahy MF, Kulik LM, Riaz A, Ryu RK, Baker TB, Ibrahim SM, Abecassis MI, Miller FH, Sato KT, et al: Chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Comprehensive imaging and survival analysis in a 172-patient cohort. Radiology. 255:955–965. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yeo DM, Choi JI, Lee YJ, Park MY, Chun HJ and Lee HG: Comparison of RECIST, mRECIST, and choi criteria for early response evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization using drug-eluting beads. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 38:391–397. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Gillmore R, Stuart S, Kirkwood A, Hameeduddin A, Woodward N, Burroughs AK and Meyer T: EASL and mRECIST responses are independent prognostic factors for survival in hepatocellular cancer patients treated with transarterial embolization. J Hepatol. 55:1309–1316. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Prajapati HJ, Spivey JR, Hanish SI, El-Rayes BF, Kauh JS, Chen Z and Kim HS: mRECIST and EASL responses at early time point by contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI predict survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by doxorubicin drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB TACE). Ann Oncol. 24:965–973. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Reig M, Rimola J, Torres F, Darnell A, Rodriguez-Lope C, Forner A, Llarch N, Ríos J, Ayuso C and Bruix J: Postprogression survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Rationale for second-line trial design. Hepatology. 58:2023–2031. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Staquet M and Winkler A: Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer. 47:207–214. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC, et al: New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:205–216. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, et al: New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 45:228–247. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bruix J and Sherman M: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. Hepatology. 53:1020–1022. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM, Beaugrand M, Lencioni R, Burroughs AK, Christensen E, Pagliaro L, Colombo M and Rodés J: EASL Panel of Experts on HCC; European Association for the Study of the Liver: Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. J Hepatol. 35:421–430. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bruix J and Sherman M: Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 42:1208–1236. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lencioni R and Llovet JM: Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 30:52–60. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Khalili K, Kim TK, Jang HJ, Yazdi LK, Guindi M and Sherman M: Indeterminate 1–2-cm nodules found on hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: Biopsy for all, some, or none? Hepatology. 54:2048–2054. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kudo M, Kubo S, Takayasu K, Sakamoto M, Tanaka M, Ikai I, Furuse J, Nakamura K and Makuuchi M: Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (Committee for Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver, Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan): Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (2009 Revised Version). Hepatol Res. 40:686–692. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kudo M, Ueshima K, Kubo S, Sakamoto M, Tanaka M, Ikai I, Furuse J, Murakami T, Kadoya M and Kokudo N: Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan: Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) (2015 Revised version). Hepatol Res. 46:3–9. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Choi H, Charnsangavej C, Faria SC, Macapinlac HA, Burgess MA, Patel SR, Chen LL, Podoloff DA and Benjamin RS: Correlation of computed tomography and positron emission tomography in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated at a single institution with imatinib mesylate: Proposal of new computed tomography response criteria. J Clin Oncol. 25:1753–1759. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Forner A, Ayuso C, Varela M, Rimola J, Hessheimer AJ, De Lope CR, Reig M, Bianchi L, Llovet JM and Bruix J: Evaluation of tumor response after locoregional therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: Are response evaluation criteria in solid tumors reliable? Cancer. 115:616–623. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li H, Guo Z, Si T and Wang H: EASL and mRECIST responses are independent predictors of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with cryoablation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25:620–627. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bargellini I, Vignali C, Cioni R, Petruzzi P, Cicorelli A, Campani D, De Simone P, Filipponi F and Bartolozzi C: Hepatocellular carcinoma: CT for tumor response after transarterial chemoembolization in patients exceeding Milan criteria - selection parameter for liver transplantation. Radiology. 255:289–300. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Memon K, Kulik L, Lewandowski RJ, Wang E, Riaz A, Ryu RK, Sato KT, Marshall K, Gupta R, Nikolaidis P, et al: Radiographic response to locoregional therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma predicts patient survival times. Gastroenterology. 141:526–535.e2.. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Riaz A, Miller FH, Kulik LM, Nikolaidis P, Yaghmai V, Lewandowski RJ, Mulcahy MF, Ryu RK, Sato KT, Gupta R, et al: Imaging response in the primary index lesion and clinical outcomes following transarterial locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JAMA. 303:1062–1069. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Shim JH, Lee HC, Kim SO, Shin YM, Kim KM, Lim YS and Suh DJ: Which response criteria best help predict survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following chemoembolization? A validation study of old and new models. Radiology. 262:708–718. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Salem R, Miller FH, Yaghmai V and Lewandowski RJ: Response assessment methodologies in hepatocellular carcinoma: Complexities in the era of local and systemic treatments. J Hepatol. 58:1260–1262. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kim BK, Kim SU, Kim MJ, Kim KA, Kim DY, Park JY, Ahn SH, Han KH and Chon CY: Number of target lesions for EASL and modified RECIST to predict survivals in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with chemoembolization. Clin Cancer Res. 19:1503–1511. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Shim JH, Lee HC, Won HJ, Shin YM, Kim KM, Lim YS and Suh DJ: Maximum number of target lesions required to measure responses to transarterial chemoembolization using the enhancement criteria in patients with intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 56:406–411. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Riaz A, Memon K, Miller FH, Nikolaidis P, Kulik LM, Lewandowski RJ, Ryu RK, Sato KT, Gates VL, Mulcahy MF, et al: Role of the EASL, RECIST, and WHO response guidelines alone or in combination for hepatocellular carcinoma: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. J Hepatol. 54:695–704. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Iwazawa J, Ohue S, Hashimoto N, Yasumasa K, Abe H and Mitani T: Bevacizumab-induced hypovascular hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transarterial chemoembolization in a patient with metastatic colon cancer. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 21:412–414. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zocco MA, Garcovich M, Lupascu A, Di Stasio E, Roccarina D, Annicchiarico BE, Riccardi L, Ainora ME, Ponziani F, Caracciolo G, et al: Early prediction of response to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: The role of dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound. J Hepatol. 59:1014–1021. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Roccarina D, Garcovich M, Ainora ME, Riccardi L, Pompili M, Gasbarrini A and Zocco MA: Usefulness of contrast enhanced ultrasound in monitoring therapeutic response after hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. World J Hepatol. 7:1866–1874. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Miles KA, Hayball MP and Dixon AK: Functional images of hepatic perfusion obtained with dynamic CT. Radiology. 188:405–411. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kambadakone AR and Sahani DV: Body perfusion CT: Technique, clinical applications, and advances. Radiol Clin North Am. 47:161–178. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Morgan B, Thomas AL, Drevs J, Hennig J, Buchert M, Jivan A, Horsfield MA, Mross K, Ball HA, Lee L, et al: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for the pharmacological response of PTK787/ZK 222584, an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and liver metastases: Results from two phase I studies. J Clin Oncol. 21:3955–3964. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
van Laarhoven HW, Rijpkema M, Punt CJ, Ruers TJ, Hendriks JC, Barentsz JO and Heerschap A: Method for quantitation of dynamic MRI contrast agent uptake in colorectal liver metastases. J Magn Reson Imaging. 18:315–320. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lassau N, Koscielny S, Chami L, Chebil M, Benatsou B, Roche A, Ducreux M, Malka D and Boige V: Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Early evaluation of response to bevacizumab therapy at dynamic contrast-enhanced US with quantification-preliminary results. Radiology. 258:291–300. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Shaw CM, Eisenbrey JR, Lyshchik A, OKane PL, Merton DA, Machado P, Pino L, Brown DB and Forsberg F: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of residual blood flow to hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment with transarterial chemoembolization using drug-eluting beads: A prospective study. J Ultrasound Med. 34:859–867. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Marcus CD, Ladam-Marcus V, Cucu C, Bouché O, Lucas L and Hoeffel C: Imaging techniques to evaluate the response to treatment in oncology: Current standards and perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 72:217–238. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Claudon M, Dietrich CF, Choi BI, Cosgrove DO, Kudo M, Nolsøe CP, Piscaglia F, Wilson SR, Barr RG, Chammas MC, et al: World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine; European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound: Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver - update 2012: A WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS. Ultrasound Med Biol. 39:187–210. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bartolotta TV, Taibbi A, Matranga D, Midiri M and Lagalla R: 3D versus 2D contrast-enhanced sonography in the evaluation of therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional therapies: Preliminary findings. Radiol Med (Torino). 120:695–704. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhu AX, Holalkere NS, Muzikansky A, Horgan K and Sahani DV: Early antiangiogenic activity of bevacizumab evaluated by computed tomography perfusion scan in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncologist. 13:120–125. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z, Tsao CJ, Qin S, Kim JS, Luo R, Feng J, Ye S, Yang TS, et al: Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 10:25–34. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Liang PC, Chang HJ, Hsu C, Chen LT, Shih TT and Liu TW: Perfusion parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging predict outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma receiving radiotherapy with or without thalidomide. Hepatol Int. 9:258–268. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Griffiths JR, Tate AR, Howe FA and Stubbs M: Group on MRS Application to Cancer: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of cancer-practicalities of multi-centre trials and early results in non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Eur J Cancer. 38:2085–2093. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Schwarz AJ, Maisey NR, Collins DJ, Cunningham D, Huddart R and Leach MO: Early in vivo detection of metabolic response: A pilot study of 1H MR spectroscopy in extracranial lymphoma and germ cell tumours. Br J Radiol. 75:959–966. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bota S, Piscaglia F, Marinelli S, Pecorelli A, Terzi E and Bolondi L: Comparison of international guidelines for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer. 1:190–200. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kaufmann S, Horger T, Oelker A, Kloth C, Nikolaou K, Schulze M and Horger M: Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions using a novel CT-based volume perfusion (VPCT) technique. Eur J Radiol. 84:1029–1035. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kaufmann S, Horger T, Oelker A, Beck S, Schulze M, Nikolaou K, Ketelsen D and Horger M: Volume perfusion computed tomography (VPCT)-based evaluation of response to TACE using two different sized drug eluting beads in patients with nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact on tumor and liver parenchymal vascularisation. Eur J Radiol. 84:2548–2554. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wang D, Bangash AK, Rhee TK, Woloschak GE, Paunesku T, Salem R, Omary RA and Larson AC: Liver tumors: Monitoring embolization in rabbits with VX2 tumors - transcatheter intraarterial first-pass perfusion MR imaging. Radiology. 245:130–139. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Larson AC, Wang D, Atassi B, Sato KT, Ryu RK, Lewandowski RJ, Nemcek AA Jr, Mulcahy MF, Kulik LM, Miller FH, et al: Transcatheter intraarterial perfusion: MR monitoring of chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma - feasibility of initial clinical translation. Radiology. 246:964–971. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Katada Y, Shukuya T, Kawashima M, Nozaki M, Imai H, Natori T and Tamano M: A comparative study between arterial spin labeling and CT perfusion methods on hepatic portal venous flow. Jpn J Radiol. 30:863–869. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Koh DM and Collins DJ: Diffusion-weighted MRI in the body: Applications and challenges in oncology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188:1622–1635. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Youn BJ, Chung JW, Son KR, Kim HC, Jae HJ, Lee JM, Song IC, Kim IO and Park JH: Diffusion-weighted MR: Therapeutic evaluation after chemoembolization of VX-2 carcinoma implanted in rabbit liver. Acad Radiol. 15:593–600. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Deng J, Miller FH, Rhee TK, Sato KT, Mulcahy MF, Kulik LM, Salem R, Omary RA and Larson AC: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for determination of hepatocellular carcinoma response to yttrium-90 radioembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 17:1195–1200. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kamel IR, Reyes DK, Liapi E, Bluemke DA and Geschwind JF: Functional MR imaging assessment of tumor response after 90Y microsphere treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 18:49–56. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yuan Z, Ye XD, Dong S, Xu LC, Xu XY, Liu SY and Xiao XS: Role of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluating response after chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Radiol. 75:e9–e14. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Chung JC, Naik NK, Lewandowski RJ, Deng J, Mulcahy MF, Kulik LM, Sato KT, Ryu RK, Salem R, Larson AC, et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma to chemoembolization. World J Gastroenterol. 16:3161–3167. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kubota K, Yamanishi T, Itoh S, Murata Y, Miyatake K, Yasunami H, Morio K, Hamada N, Nishioka A and Ogawa Y: Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluating therapeutic efficacy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 24:727–732. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bonekamp S, Jolepalem P, Lazo M, Gulsun MA, Kiraly AP and Kamel IR: Hepatocellular carcinoma: Response to TACE assessed with semiautomated volumetric and functional analysis of diffusion-weighted and contrast-enhanced MR imaging data. Radiology. 260:752–761. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Sahin H, Harman M, Cinar C, Bozkaya H, Parildar M and Elmas N: Evaluation of treatment response of chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma with diffusion-weighted imaging on 3.0-T MR imaging. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 23:241–247. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Vandecaveye V, Michielsen K, De Keyzer F, Laleman W, Komuta M, Op De beeck K, Roskams T, Nevens F, Verslype C and Maleux G: Chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: 1-month response determined with apparent diffusion coefficient is an independent predictor of outcome. Radiology. 270:747–757. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Vouche M, Salem R, Lewandowski RJ and Miller FH: Can volumetric ADC measurement help predict response to Y90 radioembolization in HCC? Abdom Imaging. 40:1471–1480. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mannelli L, Kim S, Hajdu CH, Babb JS and Taouli B: Serial diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Prediction and assessment of response to transarterial chemoembolization. Preliminary experience. Eur J Radiol. 82:577–582. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yuan Z, Li WT and Peng WJ: Pre-treatment apparent diffusion coefficient is imaging biomarker for prediction of response to chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Radiol. 82:e901–e902. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dong S, Ye XD, Yuan Z, Xu LC and Xiao XS: Relationship of apparent diffusion coefficient to survival for patients with unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma after chemoembolization. Eur J Radiol. 81:472–477. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Corona-Villalobos CP, Halappa VG, Bonekamp S, Eng J, Reyes D, Cosgrove D, Rastegar N, Pan L, Pawlik TM and Kamel IR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging response of targeted tumor burden and its impact on survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest Radiol. 50:283–289. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ye XD, Li WT and Yuan Z: Apparent diffusion coefficients at diffusion-weighted MR imaging: Potential predictors of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with chemoembolization. Radiology. 272:920–921. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mori Y, Tamai H, Shingaki N, Moribata K, Deguchi H, Ueda K, Inoue I, Maekita T, Iguchi M, Kato J, et al: Signal intensity of small hepatocellular carcinoma on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping and outcome after radiofrequency ablation. Hepatol Res. 45:75–87. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ye XD, Li WT and Yuan Z: Is volumetric functional MR imaging superior to current anatomic imaging response criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma after intraarterial therapy? Radiology. 271:619–620. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zhang Y, Zhao J, Guo D, Zhong W and Ran L: Evaluation of short-term response of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for primary hepatic carcinoma: Utility of contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol. 79:347–352. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Padhani AR, Liu G, Koh DM, Chenevert TL, Thoeny HC, Takahara T, Dzik-Jurasz A, Ross BD, Van Cauteren M, Collins D, et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: Consensus and recommendations. Neoplasia. 11:102–125. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Park YS, Lee CH, Kim JH, Kim IS, Kiefer B, Seo TS, Kim KA and Park CM: Using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging to predict lipiodol uptake in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: A preliminary result. Magn Reson Imaging. 32:638–646. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Koh DM: Science to practice: Can intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging be used to assess tumor response to antivascular drugs? Radiology. 272:307–308. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yuan Z, Zhang J, Yang H, Ye XD, Xu LC and Li WT: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current value in clinical evaluation of tumor response to locoregional treatment. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 27:20–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hiraoka A, Hirooka M, Ochi H, Koizumi Y, Shimizu Y, Shiraishi A, Yamago H, Tanihira T, Miyata H, Ninomiya T, et al: Importance of screening for synchronous malignant neoplasms in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact of FDG PET/CT. Liver Int. 33:1085–1091. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Shiomi S and Kawabe J: Clinical applications of positron emission tomography in hepatic tumors. Hepatol Res. 41:611–617. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lee JW, Yun M, Cho A, Han KH, Kim DY, Lee SM and Lee JD: The predictive value of metabolic tumor volume on FDG PET/CT for transarterial chemoembolization and transarterial chemotherapy infusion in hepatocellular carcinoma patients without extrahepatic metastasis. Ann Nucl Med. 29:400–408. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lee JW, Oh JK, Chung YA, Na SJ, Hyun SH, Hong IK, Eo JS, Song BI, Kim TS, Kim do Y, et al: Prognostic significance of 18F-FDG uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization or concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. J Nucl Med. 57:509–516. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hartenbach M, Weber S, Albert NL, Hartenbach S, Hirtl A, Zacherl MJ, Paprottka PM, Tiling R, Bartenstein P, Hacker M, et al: Evaluating treatment response of radioembolization in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients using 18F-Fluoroethylcholine PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 56:1661–1666. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jo IY, Son SH, Kim M, Sung SY, Won YK, Kang HJ, Lee SJ, Chung YA, Oh JK and Kay CS: Prognostic value of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT in radiotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiat Oncol J. 33:179–187. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cho E, Jun CH, Kim BS, Son DJ, Choi WS and Choi SK: 18F-FDG PET CT as a prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Turk J Gastroenterol. 26:344–350. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ma W, Jia J, Wang S, Bai W, Yi J, Bai M, Quan Z, Yin Z, Fan D, Wang J, et al: The prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Theranostics. 4:736–744. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Young H, Baum R, Cremerius U, Herholz K, Hoekstra O, Lammertsma AA, Pruim J and Price P: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) PET Study Group: Measurement of clinical and subclinical tumour response using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography: Review and 1999 EORTC recommendations. Eur J Cancer. 35:1773–1782. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wahl RL, Jacene H, Kasamon Y and Lodge MA: From RECIST to PERCIST: Evolving Considerations for PET response criteria in solid tumors. J Nucl Med. 50 Suppl 1:122S–150S. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kuang Y, Salem N, Tian H, Kolthammer JA, Corn DJ, Wu C, Wang F, Wang Y and Lee Z: Imaging lipid synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma with [methyl-11c]choline: Correlation with in vivo metabolic studies. J Nucl Med. 52:98–106. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Chen CY, Li CW, Kuo YT, Jaw TS, Wu DK, Jao JC, Hsu JS and Liu GC: Early response of hepatocellular carcinoma to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: Choline levels and MR diffusion constants - initial experience. Radiology. 239:448–456. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kuo YT, Li CW, Chen CY, Jao J, Wu DK and Liu GC: In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of large focal hepatic lesions and metabolite change of hepatocellular carcinoma before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using 3.0-T MR scanner. J Magn Reson Imaging. 19:598–604. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wu B, Peng WJ, Wang PJ, Gu YJ, Li WT, Zhou LP, Tang F and Zhong GM: In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma and its early response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Chin Med Sci J. 21:258–264. 2006.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bian DJ, Xiao EH, Hu DX, Chen XY, Situ WJ, Yuan SW, Sun JL and Yang LP: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy on hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Chin J Cancer. 29:198–201. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Schilling A, Gewiese B, Berger G, Boese-Landgraf J, Fobbe F, Stiller D, Gallkowski U and Wolf KJ: Liver tumors: Follow-up with P-31 MR spectroscopy after local chemotherapy and chemoembolization. Radiology. 182:887–890. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Meyerhoff DJ, Karczmar GS, Valone F, Venook A, Matson GB and Weiner MW: Hepatic cancers and their response to chemoembolization therapy. Quantitative image-guided 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Invest Radiol. 27:456–464. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yuan Z, Ye XD, Dong S, Xu LC and Xiao XS: Evaluation of early imaging response after chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy-initial experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 22:1166–1173. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yuan Z, Li WT, Ye XD, Zhu HY and Peng WJ: Novel functional magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers for assessing response to therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol. 16:599–605. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Donati OF, Hany TF, Reiner CS, von Schulthess GK, Marincek B, Seifert B and Weishaupt D: Value of retrospective fusion of PET and MR images in detection of hepatic metastases: Comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. J Nucl Med. 51:692–699. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Beiderwellen K, Gomez B, Buchbender C, Hartung V, Poeppel TD, Nensa F, Kuehl H, Bockisch A and Lauenstein TC: Depiction and characterization of liver lesions in whole body [18F]-FDG PET/MRI. Eur J Radiol. 82:e669–e675. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Catalano OA, Rosen BR, Sahani DV, Hahn PF, Guimaraes AR, Vangel MG, Nicolai E, Soricelli A and Salvatore M: Clinical impact of PET/MR imaging in patients with cancer undergoing same-day PET/CT: Initial experience in 134 patients: a hypothesis-generating exploratory study. Radiology. 269:857–869. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Nielsen K, Scheffer HJ, Pieters IC, van Tilborg AA, van Waesberghe JH, Oprea-Lager DE, Meijerink MR, Kazemier G, Hoekstra OS, Schreurs HW, et al: The use of PET-MRI in the follow-up after radiofrequency- and microwave ablation of colorectal liver metastases. BMC Med Imaging. 14:272014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |
