Improved xenograft efficiency of esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines through in vivo selection

Melsens,Elodie; De Vlieghere,Elly; Descamps,Benedicte; Vanhove,Christian; De Wever,Olivier; Ceelen,Wim; Pattyn,Piet

doi:10.3892/or.2017.5640

Improved xenograft efficiency of esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines through in vivo selection

Authors:
- Elodie Melsens
- Elly De Vlieghere
- Benedicte Descamps
- Christian Vanhove
- Olivier De Wever
- Wim Ceelen
- Piet Pattyn
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Affiliations: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Infinity (iMinds-IBiTech-MEDISIP), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Published online on: May 15, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5640
Pages: 71-81
Copyright: © Melsens et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the orthotopic growth potential of two generally available esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines, OE33 and OACM5 1.C, and a third in vivo selected subpopulation, OACM5 1.C SC1. One group of mice was subcutaneously injected in the hind legs. Tumor growth was measured with calipers. Another group was injected orthotopically in the distal esophageal wall through median laparotomy. Tumor development was evaluated macroscopically and confirmed microscopically. A subset of mice was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to follow tumor progression. Additionally, functional cell line characteristics were evaluated in vitro (clonogenic, collagen invasion and sphere formation assays, and protein analysis of cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins) to better understand xenograft behavior. OE33 cells were shown to be epithelial‑like, whereas OACM5 1.C and OACM5 1.C SC1 were more mesenchymal-like. The three cell lines were non‑invasive into native type I collagen gels. In vivo, OE33 cells led to 63.6 and 100% tumor nodules after orthotopic (n=12) and subcutaneous (n=8) injection, respectively. Adversely, OACM5 1.C cells did not lead to tumor formation after orthotopic injection (n=6) and only 50% of subcutaneous injections led to tumor nodules (n=8). However, the newly established cell line OACM5 1.C SC1 resulted in 33% tumor formation when orthotopically injected (n=6) and in 100% tumors when injected subcutaneously (n=8). The higher xenograft rate of OACM5 1.C SC1 (P<0.05) corresponded with a higher clonogenic potential compared to its parental cell line (P<0.0001). All models showed local tumor growth without metastasis formation. In conclusion, OACM5 1.C has a poor tumor take rate at an orthotopic and ectopic site. A subpopulation obtained through in vivo selection, OACM5 1.C SC1, gives a significant higher take rate, ectopically. Furthermore, OE33 establishes orthotopic (and subcutaneous) xenografts in mice. These models can be of interest for future studies, and their slow growth rates are a challenge for therapeutic intervention.

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