Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2015 Volume 10 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2015 Volume 10 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis

  • Authors:
    • Xiaobo He
    • Jia Yu
    • Wenyi Guo
    • Teng Zuo
    • Qiao Shi
    • Kailiang Zhao
    • Weixing Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2389-2395
    |
    Published online on: October 14, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2798
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) induced by sodium taurocholate (STC) and the underlying mechanism. SAP was induced by the retrograde infusion of 5% STC (1 ml/kg) into the bile‑pancreatic duct. In certain rats, thymosin β4 (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the infusion of STC. The severity of pancreatitis was evaluated by the measurement of serum amylase, lipase, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and histological grading. Nuclear factor (NF)‑κB activation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‑1 protein expression in the pancreas was studied using western blot analysis. Prophylactic administration of thymosin β4 was found to attenuate serum amylase and lipase activity and the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, it attenuated pathological pancreatic injury, pancreatic MPO activity, and the activation of NF‑κB and ICAM‑1 in the pancreas. These results suggest that thymosin β4 exerts a protective effect against STC-induced pancreatic injury.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Bhatia M, Brady M, Shokuhi S, Christmas S, Neoptolemos JP and Slavin J: Inflammatory mediators in acute pancreatitis. J Pathol. 190:117–125. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Mofidi R, Duff MD, Wigmore SJ, Madhavan KK, Garden OJ and Parks RW: Association between early systemic inflammatory response, severity of multiorgan dysfunction and death in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg. 93:738–744. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Granger J and Remick D: Acute pancreatitis: Models, markers and mediators. Shock. 24:45–51. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Papachristou GI, Clermont G, Sharma A, Yadav D and Whitcomb DC: Risk and markers of severe acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 36:277–296. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Yu J, Deng W, Wang W, Ding Y, Jin H, Chen C, Chen X, Xiong X and Xu S: Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase attenuates acute kidney injury in sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas. 41:1299–1305. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Rakonczay Z Jr, Hegyi P, Takács T, McCarroll J and Saluja AK: The role of NF-kappaB activation in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Gut. 57:259–267. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Low TL, Hu SK and Goldstein AL: Complete amino acid sequence of bovine thymosin beta 4: A thymic hormone that induces terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in thymocyte populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 78:1162–1166. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hannappel E: Thymosin beta4 and its posttranslational modifications. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1194:27–35. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hannappel E and van Kampen M: Determination of thymosin beta 4 in human blood cells and serum. J Chromatogr. 397:279–285. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Goldstein AL, Hannappel E and Kleinman HK: Thymosin beta4: Actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues. Trends Mol Med. 11:421–429. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Sosne G, Chan CC, Thai K, Kennedy M, Szliter EA, Hazlett LD and Kleinman HK: Thymosin beta 4 promotes corneal wound healing and modulates inflammatory mediators in vivo. Exp Eye Res. 72:605–608. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Badamchian M, Fagarasan MO, Danner RL, Suffredini AF, Damavandy H and Goldstein AL: Thymosin beta (4) reduces lethality and down-regulates inflammatory mediators in endotoxin-induced septic shock. Int Immunopharmacol. 3:1225–1233. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Sosne G, Christopherson PL, Barrett RP and Fridman R: Thymosin-beta4 modulates corneal matrix metalloproteinase levels and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration after alkali injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 46:2388–2395. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Sosne G, Szliter EA, Barrett R, Kernacki KA, Kleinman H and Hazlett LD: Thymosin beta 4 promotes corneal wound healing and decreases inflammation in vivo following alkali injury. Exp Eye Res. 74:293–299. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Sosne G, Qiu P, Christopherson PL and Wheater MK: Thymosin beta 4 suppression of corneal NFkappaB: A potential anti-inflammatory pathway. Exp Eye Res. 84:663–669. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Qiu P, Wheater MK, Qiu Y and Sosne G: Thymosin beta4 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, IL-8 expression and the sensitizing effects by its partners PINCH-1 and ILK. FASEB J. 25:1815–1826. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Malinda KM, Goldstein AL and Kleinman HK: Thymosin beta 4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FASEB J. 11:474–481. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Grant DS, Rose W, Yaen C, Goldstein A, Martinez J and Kleinman H: Thymosin beta4 enhances endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis. 3:125–135. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Treadwell T, Kleinman HK, Crockford D, Hardy MA, Guarnera GT and Goldstein AL: The regenerative peptide thymosin β4 accelerates the rate of dermal healing in preclinical animal models and in patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1270:37–44. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Crockford D: Development of thymosin beta4 for treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1112:385–395. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Xiong Y, Mahmood A, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZG, Morris DC and Chopp M: Treatment of traumatic brain injury with thymosin β4 in rats. J Neurosurg. 114:102–115. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Mahmood A, Meng Y, Zhang ZG, Morris DC and Chopp M: Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of thymosin β4 treatment initiated 6 h after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurosurg. 116:1081–1092. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Schmidt J, Rattner DW, Lewandrowski K, Compton CC, Mandavilli U, Knoefel WT and Warshaw AL: A better model of acute pancreatitis for evaluating therapy. Ann Surg. 215:44–56. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Nakae H, Endo S, Sato N, Wakabayashi G, Inada K and Sato S: Involvement of soluble adhesion molecules in acute pancreatitis. Eur Surg Res. 33:377–382. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Sah RP, Dawra RK and Saluja AK: New insights into the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 29:523–530. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Girardi M, Sherling MA, Filler RB, Shires J, Theodoridis E, Hayday AC and Tigelaar RE: Anti-inflammatory effects in the skin of thymosin-beta4 splice-variants. Immunology. 109:1–7. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Hinkel R, Trenkwalder T and Kupatt C: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of thymosin β4-mediated cardioprotection. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1269:102–109. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, Dimaio JM and Srivastava D: Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair. Nature. 432:466–472. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Shrivastava S, Srivastava D, Olson EN, DiMaio JM and Bock-Marquette I: Thymosin beta4 and cardiac repair. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1194:87–96. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Philp D, Badamchian M, Scheremeta B, Nguyen M, Goldstein AL and Kleinman HK: Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice. Wound Repair Regen. 11:19–24. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhang J, Zhang ZG, Morris D, Li Y, Roberts C, Elias SB and Chopp M: Neurological functional recovery after thymosin beta4 treatment in mice with experimental auto encephalomyelitis. Neuroscience. 164:1887–1893. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Chen X, Ji B, Han B, Ernst SA, Simeone D and Logsdon CD: NF-kappaB activation in pancreas induces pancreatic and systemic inflammatory response. Gastroenterology. 122:448–457. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Huang H, Liu Y, Daniluk J, Gaiser S, Chu J, Wang H, Li ZS, Logsdon CD and Ji B: Activation of nuclear factor-κB in acinar cells increases the severity of pancreatitis in mice. Gastroenterology. 144:202–210. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Baldwin AS Jr: The NF-kappaB and I kappaB proteins: New discoveries and insights. Annu Rev Immunol. 14:649–683. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kim H, Seo JY, Roh KH, Lim JW and Kim KH: Suppression of NF-kappaB activation and cytokine production by N-acetylcysteine in pancreatic acinar cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 29:674–683. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Telek G, Ducroc R, Scoazec JY, Pasquier C, Feldmann G and Rozé C: Differential upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules at the sites of oxidative stress in experimental acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res. 96:56–67. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Surbatovic M and Radakovic S: Tumor necrosis factor-α levels early in severe acute pancreatitis: Is there predictive value regarding severity and outcome? J Clin Gastroenterol. 47:637–643. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Malmstrøm ML, Hansen MB, Andersen AM, Ersbøll AK, Nielsen OH, Jørgensen LN and Novovic S: Cytokines and organ failure in acute pancreatitis: Inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 41:271–277. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Makhija R and Kingsnorth AN: Cytokine storm in acute pancreatitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 9:401–410. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Vonlaufen A, Apte MV, Imhof BA and Frossard JL: The role of inflammatory and parenchymal cells in acute pancreatitis. J Pathol. 213:239–248. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Mota R, Sánchez-Bueno F, Berenguer-Pina JJ, Hernández-Espinosa D, Parrilla P and Yélamos J: Therapeutic treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors attenuates the severity of acute pancreatitis and associated liver and lung injury. Br J Pharmacol. 151:998–1005. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Chen C, Xu S, Wang WX, Ding YM, Yu KH, Wang B and Chen XY: Rosiglitazone attenuates the severity of sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Arch Med Res. 40:79–88. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Chooklin S, Pereyaslov A and Bihalskyy I: Pathogenic role of myeloperoxidase in acute pancreatitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 8:627–631. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Werner J, Z'graggen K, Castillo Fernández-del C, Lewandrowski KB, Compton CC and Warshaw AL: Specific therapy for local and systemic complications of acute pancreatitis with monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1. Ann Surg. 229:834–842. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
He X, Yu J, Guo W, Zuo T, Shi Q, Zhao K and Wang W: Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis. Exp Ther Med 10: 2389-2395, 2015.
APA
He, X., Yu, J., Guo, W., Zuo, T., Shi, Q., Zhao, K., & Wang, W. (2015). Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10, 2389-2395. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2798
MLA
He, X., Yu, J., Guo, W., Zuo, T., Shi, Q., Zhao, K., Wang, W."Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10.6 (2015): 2389-2395.
Chicago
He, X., Yu, J., Guo, W., Zuo, T., Shi, Q., Zhao, K., Wang, W."Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10, no. 6 (2015): 2389-2395. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2798
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
He X, Yu J, Guo W, Zuo T, Shi Q, Zhao K and Wang W: Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis. Exp Ther Med 10: 2389-2395, 2015.
APA
He, X., Yu, J., Guo, W., Zuo, T., Shi, Q., Zhao, K., & Wang, W. (2015). Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10, 2389-2395. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2798
MLA
He, X., Yu, J., Guo, W., Zuo, T., Shi, Q., Zhao, K., Wang, W."Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10.6 (2015): 2389-2395.
Chicago
He, X., Yu, J., Guo, W., Zuo, T., Shi, Q., Zhao, K., Wang, W."Effects of thymosin β4 on a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10, no. 6 (2015): 2389-2395. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2798
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team