Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice

  • Authors:
    • Hui‑Lu Zhang
    • Wen‑Shuai Li
    • Dian‑Nan Xu
    • Wan‑Wei Zheng
    • Yi Liu
    • Jian Chen
    • Zhi‑Bing Qiu
    • Robert G. Dorfman
    • Jun Zhang
    • Jie Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China, MD Candidate, Class of 2018, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2554-2562
    |
    Published online on: September 8, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3686
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Gut microbiota composition of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is markedly altered compared with healthy individuals. There is mounting evidence that probiotic therapy alleviates disease severity in animal models and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bacillus subtilisis, as a probiotic, has also demonstrated a protective effect in IBD. However, the therapeutic mechanism of its action has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a dextrose sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced UC mouse model was used to investigate the role of B. subtilis in the restoration of gut flora and determine its effective dose. Mucosal damage was assessed by performing alcian blue staining, cytokine levels were analyzed by ELISA and microbiota composition was investigated using 454 pyrosequencing to target hypervariable regions V3‑V4 of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The results demonstrated that a higher dose B. subtilisis administration ameliorated DSS‑induced dysbiosis and gut inflammation by balancing beneficial and harmful bacteria and associated anti‑ and pro‑inflammatory agents, thereby aiding intestinal mucosa recovery from DSS‑induced injuries. These findings indicate that choosing the correct dose of B. subtilis is important for effective UC therapy. The present study also helped to elucidate the mechanisms of B. subtilis action and provided preclinical data for B. subtilis use in UC therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Mosli MH, Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ, D'Haens G, Behling C, Kaplan K, Driman DK, Shackelton LM, Baker KA, Macdonald JK, et al: Histologic evaluation of ulcerative colitis: A systematic review of disease activity indices. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 20:564–575. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Rosenberg L, Nanda KS, Zenlea T, Gifford A, Lawlor GO, Falchuk KR, Wolf JL, Cheifetz AS, Goldsmith JD and Moss AC: Histologic markers of inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 11:991–996. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Manichanh C, Borruel N, Casellas F and Guarner F: The gut microbiota in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 9:599–608. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Conrad K, Roggenbuck D and Laass MW: Diagnosis and classification of ulcerative colitis. Autoimmun Rev. 13:463–466. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Suzuki T: Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight junctions. Cell Mol Life Sci. 70:631–659. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Buning C, Geissler N, Prager M, Sturm A, Baumgart DC, Büttner J, Bühner S, Haas V and Lochs H: Increased small intestinal permeability in ulcerative colitis: Rather genetic than environmental and a risk factor for extensive disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 18:1932–1939. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Shen J, Zuo ZX and Mao AP: Effect of probiotics on inducing remission and maintaining therapy in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and pouchitis: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 20:21–35. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Aly SM, Ahmed Y Abdel-Galil, Abdel-Aziz Ghareeb A and Mohamed MF: Studies on Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as potential probiotics, on the immune response and resistance of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) to challenge infections. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 25:128–136. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sarra M, Pallone F, Macdonald TT and Monteleone G: IL-23/IL-17 axis in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 16:1808–1813. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Nell S, Suerbaum S and Josenhans C: The impact of the microbiota on the pathogenesis of IBD: Lessons from mouse infection models. Nat Rev Microbiol. 8:564–577. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Okamoto K, Fujiya M, Nata T, Ueno N, Inaba Y, Ishikawa C, Ito T, Moriichi K, Tanabe H, Mizukami Y, et al: Competence and sporulation factor derived from Bacillus subtilis improves epithelial cell injury in intestinal inflammation via immunomodulation and cytoprotection. Int J Colorectal Dis. 27:1039–1046. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Selvam R, Maheswari P, Kavitha P, Ravichandran M, Sas B and Ramchand CN: Effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6, a natural probiotic on colon mucosal inflammation and plasma cytokines levels in inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 46:79–85. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Axelsson LG, Landström E, Goldschmidt TJ, Grönberg A and Bylund-Fellenius AC: Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced experimental colitis in immunodeficient mice: Effects in CD4(+)-cell depleted, athymic and NK-cell depleted SCID mice. Inflamm Res. 45:181–191. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lindén SK, Florin TH and McGuckin MA: Mucin dynamics in intestinal bacterial infection. PLoS One. 3:e39522008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Olson TS, Reuter BK, Scott KG, Morris MA, Wang XM, Hancock LN, Burcin TL, Cohn SM, Ernst PB, Cominelli F, et al: The primary defect in experimental ileitis originates from a nonhematopoietic source. J Exp Med. 203:541–552. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Cole JR, Wang Q, Cardenas E, Fish J, Chai B, Farris RJ, Kulam-Syed-Mohideen AS, McGarrell DM, Marsh T, Garrity GM and Tiedje JM: The ribosomal database project: Improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 37:(Database Issue). D141–D145. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Li W and Godzik A: Cd-hit: A fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences. Bioinformatics. 22:1658–1659. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, Costello EK, Fierer N, Peñna AG, Goodrich JK, Gordon JI, et al: QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods. 7:335–336. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Chassaing B, Aitken JD, Malleshappa M and Vijay-Kumar M: Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Curr Protoc Immunol. 104:Unit 15-25. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Goto Y, Kurashima Y and Kiyono H: Roles of the gut mucosal immune system in symbiosis and immunity. Rinsho Ketsueki. 56:2205–2212. 2015.(In Japanese). PubMed/NCBI

21 

Genser L, Poitou C, Brot-Laroche É, Rousset M, Vaillant JC, Clément K, Thenet S and Leturque A: Alteration of intestinal permeability: The missing link between gut microbiota modifications and inflammation in obesity? Med Sci (Paris). 32:461–469. 2016.(In French). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Fujino S, Andoh A, Bamba S, Ogawa A, Hata K, Araki Y, Bamba T and Fujiyama Y: Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 52:65–70. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Calvano SE, Xiao W, Richards DR, Felciano RM, Baker HV, Cho RJ, Chen RO, Brownstein BH, Cobb JP, Tschoeke SK, et al: A network-based analysis of systemic inflammation in humans. Nature. 437:1032–1037. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Cetin S, Ford HR, Sysko LR, Agarwal C, Wang J, Neal MD, Baty C, Apodaca G and Hackam DJ: Endotoxin inhibits intestinal epithelial restitution through activation of Rho-GTPase and increased focal adhesions. J Biol Chem. 279:24592–24600. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Ng A, Kranich J, Sierro F, Yu D, Schilter HC, Rolph MS, Mackay F, Artis D, et al: Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature. 461:1282–1286. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Mirmonsef P, Zariffard MR, Gilbert D, Makinde H, Landay AL and Spear GT: Short-chain fatty acids induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production alone and in combination with toll-like receptor ligands. Am J Reprod Immunol. 67:391–400. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Magri G and Cerutti A: A touch of youth in gut microbiota development. Immunity. 45:12–14. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Bergogne-Bérézin E and Towner KJ: Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: Microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features. Clin Microbiol Rev. 9:148–165. 1996.

29 

Sokol H, Leducq V, Aschard H, Pham HP, Jegou S, Landman C, Cohen D, Liguori G, Bourrier A, Nion-Larmurier I, et al: Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD. Gut. pii:gutjnl-2015-310746. 2016.

30 

Nones K, Knoch B, Dommels YE, Paturi G, Butts C, McNabb WC and Roy NC: Multidrug resistance gene deficient (mdr1a-/-) mice have an altered caecal microbiota that precedes the onset of intestinal inflammation. J Appl Microbiol. 107:557–566. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kummen M, Holm K, Anmarkrud JA, Nygård S, Vesterhus M, Høivik ML, Trøseid M, Marschall HU, Schrumpf E, Moum B, et al: The gut microbial profile in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is distinct from patients with ulcerative colitis without biliary disease and healthy controls. Gut. pii:gutjnl-2015-310500. 2016.

32 

Gevers D, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, Vázquez-Baeza Y, van Treuren W, Ren B, Schwager E, Knights D, Song SJ, Yassour M, et al: The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn's disease. Cell Host Microbe. 15:382–392. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Schreiber S, Heinig T, Thiele HG and Raedler A: Immunoregulatory role of interleukin 10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 108:1434–1444. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Steinbach EC and Plevy SE: The role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the initiation of inflammation in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 20:166–175. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Schoultz I, Söderholm JD and McKay DM: Is metabolic stress a common denominator in inflammatory bowel disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 17:2008–2018. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Eeckhaut V, Machiels K, Perrier C, Romero C, Maes S, Flahou B, Steppe M, Haesebrouck F, Sas B, Ducatelle R, et al: Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 62:1745–1752. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Frank DN, Robertson CE, Hamm CM, Kpadeh Z, Zhang T, Chen H, Zhu W, Sartor RB, Boedeker EC, Harpaz N, et al: Disease phenotype and genotype are associated with shifts in intestinal-associated microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 17:179–184. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kamada N, Kim YG, Sham HP, Vallance BA, Puente JL, Martens EC and Núñez G: Regulated virulence controls the ability of a pathogen to compete with the gut microbiota. Science. 336:1325–1329. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, Visser CE, Kuijper EJ, Bartelsman JF, Tijssen JG, et al: Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 368:407–415. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Meijer BJ and Dieleman LA: Probiotics in the treatment of human inflammatory bowel diseases: Update 2011. J Clin Gastroenterol. 45(Suppl): S139–S144. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang HL, Li WS, Xu DN, Zheng WW, Liu Y, Chen J, Qiu ZB, Dorfman RG, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu J, et al: Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Exp Ther Med 12: 2554-2562, 2016.
APA
Zhang, H., Li, W., Xu, D., Zheng, W., Liu, Y., Chen, J. ... Liu, J. (2016). Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 2554-2562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3686
MLA
Zhang, H., Li, W., Xu, D., Zheng, W., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Qiu, Z., Dorfman, R. G., Zhang, J., Liu, J."Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.4 (2016): 2554-2562.
Chicago
Zhang, H., Li, W., Xu, D., Zheng, W., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Qiu, Z., Dorfman, R. G., Zhang, J., Liu, J."Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 4 (2016): 2554-2562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3686
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang HL, Li WS, Xu DN, Zheng WW, Liu Y, Chen J, Qiu ZB, Dorfman RG, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu J, et al: Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Exp Ther Med 12: 2554-2562, 2016.
APA
Zhang, H., Li, W., Xu, D., Zheng, W., Liu, Y., Chen, J. ... Liu, J. (2016). Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 2554-2562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3686
MLA
Zhang, H., Li, W., Xu, D., Zheng, W., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Qiu, Z., Dorfman, R. G., Zhang, J., Liu, J."Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.4 (2016): 2554-2562.
Chicago
Zhang, H., Li, W., Xu, D., Zheng, W., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Qiu, Z., Dorfman, R. G., Zhang, J., Liu, J."Mucosa-reparing and microbiota-balancing therapeutic effect of Bacillus subtilis alleviates dextrate sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 4 (2016): 2554-2562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3686
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team