Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Case Report Open Access

Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature

  • Authors:
    • Lichen Xu
    • Qiaomai Xu
    • Meifang Yang
    • Hainv Gao
    • Mingzhi Xu
    • Weihang Ma
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3626-3632
    |
    Published online on: October 27, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3846
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome (EAS) associated with nocardiosis is rare, and little information is available regarding its clinical characteristics. In this study, the case of a 35‑year‑old male patient who showed significant cushingoid features and had a cough with yellow phlegm for 1 month is described. Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scanning and 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with CT identified two different lesions in the mediastinum and pulmonary region, respectively. The lesion in the mediastinum was finally diagnosed as an ACTH‑secreting mediastinal paraganglioma via biopsy. The sputum culture confirmed pulmonary nocardiosis. The patient was effectively treated with complete tumor resection following the treatment of nocardiosis using trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole. Following the present case, 11 additional cases of nocardiosis in EAS were identified in the literature and their clinical characteristics were compared and evaluated. It may be concluded that, although Nocardia remains a rare opportunistic infection pathogen in EAS, it is necessary to consider nocardiosis as a diagnosis for patients with pulmonary imaging findings of cavity, consolidation or nodule, particularly when there are brain and extra‑pulmonary lesions as well as a poor response to regular treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Alexandraki KI and Grossman AB: The ectopic ACTH syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 11:117–126. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Minero MV, Marín M, Cercenado E, Rabadán PM, Bouza E and Muñoz P: Nocardiosis at the turn of the Century. Medicine (Baltimore). 88:250–261. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Beaman BL and Beaman L: Nocardia species: Host-parasite relationships. Clin Microbiol Rev. 7:213–264. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Lionakis MS and Kontoyiannis DP: Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections. Lancet. 362:1828–1838. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Rizwan A, Sarfaraz A, Jabbar A, Akhter J and Islam N: Case report: Nocardia infection associated with ectopic Cushings. BMC Endocr Disord. 14:512014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Sutton BJ, Parks GE, Manavi CK, Palavecino EL and Geisinger KR: Cushing's syndrome and nocardiosis associated with a pulmonary carcinoid tumor: Report of a case and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 39:359–362. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Momah N and Koroscil T: Occult ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion: Diagnostic dilemma and infective consequence. Clin Pract. 2:e822012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Chrysanthidis T, Yavropoulou MP, Metallidis S, Mpakaimi I, Zempekakis P, Yovos JG and Nikolaidis P: Disseminated nocardiosis in ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. Endocrinologist. 20:286–287. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Chowdry RP, Bhimani C, Delgado MA, Lee DJ, Dayamani P, Sica GL and Owonikoko TK: Unusual suspects: Pulmonary opportunistic infections masquerading as tumor metastasis in a patient with adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 4:295–300. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Beinart GA, Hollander H and Rao R: Ectopic ACTH syndrome resulting in nocardiosis and acute respiratory failure. Hosp Physician. 39:49–54. 2003.

11 

Higgins TL, Calabrese LH and Sheeler LR: Opportunistic infections in patients with ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors. Cleve Clin Q. 49:43–49. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Garcia LS: Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. 2. 3rd edition. ASM Press; Washington, DC: 2010

13 

Natale RB, Yagoda A, Brown A, Singer C, Stover D and Bajorunas D: Combined Pneumocystis carinii and Nocardia asteroides pneumonitis in a patient with an ACTH-producing carcinoid. Cancer. 47:2933–2935. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Petersen DP and Wong LB: Nocardia infection of the hand-case report. J Hand Surg Am. 6:502–505. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kageyama A, Yazawa K, Ishikawa J, Hotta K, Nishimura K and Mikami Y: Nocardial infections in Japan from 1992 to 2001, including the first report of infection by Nocardia transvalensis. Eur J Epidemiol. 19:383–389. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yu X, Han F, Wu J, He Q, Peng W, Wang Y, Huang H, Li H, Wang R and Chen J: Nocardia infection in kidney transplant recipients: Case report and analysis of 66 published cases. Transpl Infect Dis. 13:385–391. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Ejaz S, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Busaidy NL, Hu MI, Waguespack SG, Jimenez C, Ying AK, Cabanillas M, Abbara M and Habra MA: Cushing syndrome secondary to ectopic ACTH secretion: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center experience. Cancer. 117:4381–4389. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Isidori AM, Kaltsas GA, Pozza C, Frajese V, Newell-Price J, Reznek RH, Jenkins PJ, Monson JP, Grossman AB and Besser GM: The ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome: Clinical features, diagnosis, management and long-term follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91:371–377. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ilias I, Torpy DJ, Pacak K, Mullen N, Wesley RA and Nieman LK: Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic corticotropin secretion: Twenty years' experience at the National Institutes of Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90:4955–4962. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Doi M, Sugiyama T, Izumiyama H, Yoshimoto T and Hirata Y: Clinical features and management of ectopic ACTH syndrome at a single institute in Japan. Endocr J. 57:1061–1069. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Bakker RC, Gallas PR, Romijn JA and Wiersinga WM: Cushing's syndrome complicated by multiple opportunistic infections. J Endocrinol Invest. 21:329–333. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Blackmon KN, Ravenel JG, Gomez JM, Ciolino J and Wray DW: Pulmonary nocardiosis: Computed tomography features at diagnosis. J Thorac Imaging. 26:224–229. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Chen J, Zhou H, Xu P, Zhang P, Ma S and Zhou J: Clinical and radiographic characteristics of pulmonary nocardiosis: Clues to earlier diagnosis. PloS One. 9:e907242014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Giraldi F Pecori, Moro M and Cavagnini F: Study Group on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis of the Italian Society of Endocrinology: Gender-related differences in the presentation and course of Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocr Metab. 88:1554–1558. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhao K, Dong MJ, Sheng ZK, Liu KF, Yang SY, Liu ZF and Sheng JF: Elevated uptake of 18F-FDG in PET/CT imaging of a nocardial pleural nodule. Clin Imaging. 36:383–385. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wilson JW: Nocardiosis: Updates and clinical overview. Mayo Clin Proc. 87:403–407. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Gombert ME, Berkowitz LB, Aulicino TM and duBouchet L: Therapy of pulmonary nocardiosis in immunocompromised mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 34:1766–1768. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ambrosioni J, Lew D and Garbino J: Nocardiosis: Updated clinical review and experience at a tertiary center. Infection. 38:89–97. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Moylett EH, Pacheco SE, Brown-Elliott BA, Perry TR, Buescher ES, Birmingham MC, Schentag JJ, Gimbel JF, Apodaca A, Schwartz MA, et al: Clinical experience with linezolid for the treatment of Nocardia infection. Clin Infect Dis. 36:313–318. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Bhansali A, Dutta P, Bhat MH, Sinha SK and Nada R: Unusual opportunistic infection associated with endogenous Cushing syndrome. Endocrinologist. 16:125–127. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Newell-Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB and Nieman LK: Cushing's syndrome. Lancet. 367:1605–1617. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu L, Xu Q, Yang M, Gao H, Xu M and Ma W: Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature. Exp Ther Med 12: 3626-3632, 2016.
APA
Xu, L., Xu, Q., Yang, M., Gao, H., Xu, M., & Ma, W. (2016). Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 3626-3632. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3846
MLA
Xu, L., Xu, Q., Yang, M., Gao, H., Xu, M., Ma, W."Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.6 (2016): 3626-3632.
Chicago
Xu, L., Xu, Q., Yang, M., Gao, H., Xu, M., Ma, W."Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 6 (2016): 3626-3632. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3846
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu L, Xu Q, Yang M, Gao H, Xu M and Ma W: Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature. Exp Ther Med 12: 3626-3632, 2016.
APA
Xu, L., Xu, Q., Yang, M., Gao, H., Xu, M., & Ma, W. (2016). Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 3626-3632. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3846
MLA
Xu, L., Xu, Q., Yang, M., Gao, H., Xu, M., Ma, W."Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.6 (2016): 3626-3632.
Chicago
Xu, L., Xu, Q., Yang, M., Gao, H., Xu, M., Ma, W."Nocardiosis in ectopic ACTH syndrome: A case report and review of 11 cases from the literature". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 6 (2016): 3626-3632. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3846
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team