Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 15 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 15 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium

  • Authors:
    • Hongbo Wang
    • Xiaolong Wang
    • Yan Li
    • Hao Yu
    • Changliang Wang
    • Chunmei Feng
    • Guohui Xu
    • Jiajun Chen
    • Jiabin You
    • Pengfei Wang
    • Xu Wu
    • Rui Zhao
    • Guohua Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China, No.1 English Department, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3791-3800
    |
    Published online on: February 28, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5902
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

It has been identified that chronic ethanol exposure damages the nervous system, particularly neurons. There is scientific evidence suggesting that neuronal loss caused by chronic ethanol exposure has an association with neuron apoptosis and intracellular calcium oscillation is one of the primary inducers of apoptosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the inductive effects of intracellular calcium oscillation on apoptosis in SK‑N‑SH human neuroblastoma cells and the protective effects of the N‑methyl‑D‑aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, memantine, on SK‑N‑SH cell apoptosis caused by chronic ethanol exposure. SK‑N‑SH cells were treated with 100 mM ethanol and memantine (4 µM) for 2 days. Protein expression of NR1 was downregulated by RNA interference (RNAi). Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double‑staining and flow cytometry and cell viability was detected using an MTS kit. Fluorescence dual wavelength spectrophotometry was used to determine the intracellular calcium concentration and the levels of NR1 and caspase‑3 were detected using western blotting. NR1 mRNA levels were also detected using qPCR. It was found that chronic ethanol exposure reduced neuronal cell viability and caused apoptosis of SK‑N‑SH cells, and the extent of damage in SK‑N‑SH cells was associated with ethanol exposure concentration and time. In addition, chronic ethanol exposure increased the concentration of intracellular calcium in SK‑N‑SH cells by inducing the expression of NMDAR, resulting in apoptosis, and memantine treatment reduced ethanol‑induced cell apoptosis. The results of the present study indicate that the application of memantine may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of alcoholic dementia.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Masaki T, Mochizuki H, Matsushita S, Yokoyama A, Kamakura K and Higuchi S: Association of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 polymorphism with alcoholic polyneuropathy in humans. Neurosci Lett. 363:288–290. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Johansson S, Ekström TJ, Marinova Z, Okvist A, Sheedy D, Garrick T, Harper C, Kuzmin A, Yakovleva T and Bakalkin G: Dysregulation of cell death machinery in the prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 12:109–115. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

McVicker BL, Tuma DJ, Kharbanda KK, Kubik JL and Casey CA: Effect of chronic ethanol administration on the in vitro production of proinflammatory cytokines by rat kupffer cells in the presence of apoptotic cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 31:122–129. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Crews F, Nixon K, Kim D, Joseph J, Shukitt-Hale B, Qin L and Zou J: BHT blocks NF-kappaB activation and ethanol-induced brain damage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 30:1938–1949. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wang Y, Seitz HK and Wang X: Moderate alcohol consumption aggravates high-fat diet induced steatohepatitis in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 34:567–573. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Akane K, Kojima S, Mak TW, Shiku H and Suzuki H: CD8+CD122+CD49dlow regulatory T cells maintain T-cell homeostasis by killing activated T cells via Fas/FasL-mediated cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 113:2460–2465. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Jeong JB, Choi J, Lou Z, Jiang X and Lee S: Patchouli alcohol, an essential oil of Pogostemoncablin, exhibits anti-tumorigenic activity in human colorectal cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 16:184–190. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Zou J and Crews F: Induction of innate immune gene expression cascades in brain slice cultures by ethanol: Key role of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 34:777–789. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Baykara B, Micili SC, Tugyan K, Tekmen I, Bagriyanik H, Sonmez U, Sonmez A, Oktay G, Yener N and Ozbal S: The protective effects of carnosine in alcohol-induced hepatic injury in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 30:25–32. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bolnick JM, Karana R, Chiang PJ, Kilburn BA, Romero R, Diamond MP, Smith SM and Armant DR: Apoptosis of alcohol-exposed human placental cytotrophoblast cells is downstream of intracellular calcium signaling. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 38:1646–1653. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Grynkiewicz G, Poenie M and Tsien RY: A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. J Biol Chem. 260:3440–3450. 1985.PubMed/NCBI

12 

La Rovere RM, Roest G, Bultynck G and Parys JB: Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling and Ca(2+) microdomains in the control of cell survival, apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Calcium. 60:74–87. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

MacDermott AB, Mayer ML, Westbrook GL, Smith SJ and Barker JL: NMDA-receptor activation increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration in cultured spinal cord neurones. Nature. 321:519–522. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Finch EA, Turner TJ and Goldin SM: Calcium as a coagonist of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release. Science. 252:443–446. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bezprozvanny I, Watras J and Ehrlich BE: Bell-shaped calcium-response curves of Ins(1,4,5)P3- and calcium-gated channels from endoplasmic reticulum of cerebellum. Nature. 351:751–754. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Flatscher-Bader T and Wilce PA: Impact of alcohol abuse on protein expression of midkineand excitatory amino acid transporter 1 in the human prefrontal cortex. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 32:1849–1858. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sattler R and Tymianski M: Molecular mechanisms of calcium-dependent excitotoxicity. J Mol Med (Berl). 78:3–13. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Pérez-Otaño I and Ehlers MD: Homeostatic plasticity and NMDA receptor trafficking. Trends Neurosci. 28:229–238. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lau CG and Zukin RS: NMDA receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 8:413–426. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Glue P and Nutt D: Overexcitement and disinhibition. Dynamic neurotransmitter interactions in alcohol withdrawal. Br J Psychiatry. 157:491–499. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Addolorato G, Mirijello A, Leggio L, Ferrulli A and Landolfi R: Management of alcohol dependence in patients with liver disease. CNS Drugs. 27:287–299. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Petralia RS, Wang YX, Hua F, Yi Z, Zhou A, Ge L, Stephenson FA and Wenthold RJ: Corrigendum to organization of NMDA receptors at extrasynaptic locations. Neuroscience. 167:68–87. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Vicini S, Wang JF, Li JH, Zhu WJ, Wang YH, Luo JH, Wolfe BB and Grayson DR: Functional and pharmacological differences between recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Neurophysiol. 79:555–566. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Chiu J, Brien JF, Wu P, Eubanks JH, Zhang L and Reynolds JN: Chronic ethanol exposure alters MK-801 binding sites in the cerebral cortex of the near-term fetal guinea pig. Alcohol. 17:215–221. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Devaud LL, Morrow AL and Nguyen UT: Ovariectomy has minimal effects on neuroadaptations associated with ethanol dependence in female rats. Neurochem Int. 37:433–442. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhang G, Dong Y, Zhang B, Ichinose F, Wu X, Culley DJ, Crosby G, Tanzi RE and Xie Z: Isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation is dependent on cytosolic calcium and can be attenuated by memantine. J Neurosci. 28:4551–4560. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Wasfi IA, Al-Awadhi AH, Al-Hatali ZN, Al-Rayami FJ and Al Katheeri NA: Rapid and sensitive static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the analysis of ethanol and abused inhalants in blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 799:331–336. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Joshi R, Tawfik A, Edeh N, McCloud V, Looney S, Lewis J, Hsu S and Ogbureke KU: Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene-silencing inhibits key tumorigenic activities in human oral cancer cell line, OSC2. PLoS One. 5:e139742010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Wang P, Wang Q, Yang L, Qin QL and Wu YJ: Characterization of lysophosphatidylcholine-induced changes of intracellular calcium in Drosophila S2 cells. Life Sci. 131:57–62. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Qi SH, Liu Y, Hao LY, Guan QH, Gu YH, Zhang J, Yan H, Wang M and Zhang GY: Neuroprotection of ethanol against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury through decreasing c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) activation by enhancing GABA release. Neuroscience. 167:1125–1137. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Nazam Ansari M, Bhandari U, Islam F and Tripathi CD: Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes Burm in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 22:305–314. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hwang DW, Givens B and Nishijima I: Ethanol-induced developmental neurodegeneration in secretin receptor-deficient mice. Neuroreport. 20:698–701. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Oliveira-da-Silva A, Vieira FB, Cristina-Rodrigues F, Filgueiras CC, Manhães AC and Abreu-Villaça Y: Increased apoptosis and reduced neuronal and glial densities in the hippocampus due to nicotine and ethanol exposure in adolescent mice. Int J Dev Neurosci. 27:539–548. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Harper C: The neuropathology of alcohol-related brain damage. Alcohol Alcohol. 44:136–140. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Mooney SM and Miller MW: Effects of prenatal exposure to ethanol on the expression of bcl-2, bax and caspase 3 in the developing rat cerebral cortex and thalamus. Brain Res. 911:71–81. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Brooks PJ: Brain atrophy and neuronal loss in alcoholism: A role for DNA damage? Neurochem Int. 37:403–412. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kumral A, Tugyan K, Gonenc S, Genc K, Genc S, Sonmez U, Yilmaz O, Duman N, Uysal N and Ozkan H: Protective effects of erythropoietin against ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegenaration and oxidative stress in the developing C57BL/6 mouse brain. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 160:146–156. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Mooney SM and Miller MW: Nerve growth factor neuroprotection of ethanol-induced neuronal death in rat cerebral cortex is age dependent. Neuroscience. 149:372–381. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Li Y, Li R, Zhu S, Zhou R, Wang L, DU J, Wang Y, Zhou B and Mai L: Cordycepin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and BE(2)-M17 cells. Oncol Lett. 9:2541–2547. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Hurley MM, Martin D and Raisz LG: Changes in ethanol concentration during incubation in multiwell tissue culture trays. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 186:139–141. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Borgs P, Way DL, Witte MH and Witte CL: Effective stabilization of ethanol levels in multiple-well tissue culture plates. Alcohol. 10:31–35. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Hanson CJ, Bootman MD and Roderick HL: Cell signalling: IP3 receptors channel calcium into cell death. Curr Biol. 14:R933–R935. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

MacLennan DH, Rice WJ and Green NM: The mechanism of Ca2+ transport by sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases. J Biol Chem. 272:28815–28818. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Wang X, Li Y, Yu H, Wang C, Feng C, Xu G, Chen J, You J, Wang P, Wang P, et al: Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium. Exp Ther Med 15: 3791-3800, 2018.
APA
Wang, H., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yu, H., Wang, C., Feng, C. ... Zhang, G. (2018). Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 3791-3800. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5902
MLA
Wang, H., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yu, H., Wang, C., Feng, C., Xu, G., Chen, J., You, J., Wang, P., Wu, X., Zhao, R., Zhang, G."Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.4 (2018): 3791-3800.
Chicago
Wang, H., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yu, H., Wang, C., Feng, C., Xu, G., Chen, J., You, J., Wang, P., Wu, X., Zhao, R., Zhang, G."Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 4 (2018): 3791-3800. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5902
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Wang X, Li Y, Yu H, Wang C, Feng C, Xu G, Chen J, You J, Wang P, Wang P, et al: Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium. Exp Ther Med 15: 3791-3800, 2018.
APA
Wang, H., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yu, H., Wang, C., Feng, C. ... Zhang, G. (2018). Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 3791-3800. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5902
MLA
Wang, H., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yu, H., Wang, C., Feng, C., Xu, G., Chen, J., You, J., Wang, P., Wu, X., Zhao, R., Zhang, G."Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.4 (2018): 3791-3800.
Chicago
Wang, H., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yu, H., Wang, C., Feng, C., Xu, G., Chen, J., You, J., Wang, P., Wu, X., Zhao, R., Zhang, G."Chronic ethanol exposure induces SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression and intracellular calcium". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 4 (2018): 3791-3800. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5902
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team