Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2018 Volume 16 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2018 Volume 16 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1

  • Authors:
    • Ying He
    • Wen Yao
    • Meng Zhang
    • Ying Zhang
    • Dan Zhang
    • Zhuocheng Jiang
    • Tianyou Ma
    • Jian Sun
    • Mingming Shao
    • Jinghong Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China, Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
    Copyright: © He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 609-618
    |
    Published online on: June 7, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6261
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The molecular mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis (OA) and Kashin‑Beck disease (KBD) remain poorly understood. Hypertrophic chondrocytes serve an important role in the development of both OA and KBD, whereas oxidative stress can contribute to the pathological progression of cartilage damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect altered expression of osteogenesis‑related genes in hypertrophic chondrocytes, following treatment with 3‑morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‑1). ATDC5 cells were induced to develop into hypertrophic chondrocytes via Insulin‑Transferrin‑Selenium. The appropriate concentration and time of SIN‑1 treatment was determined via MTT assay. Following hypertrophic chondrocyte stimulation with SIN‑1, a liquid chip was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was conducted on individual genes to validate the array‑based data. Analyses of protein‑protein interactions, gene ontology functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment of the differentially expressed genes were also performed. A total of 6 upregulated and 34 downregulated genes were identified, including the mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) family (Smad1‑4), bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors (Bmp2, Bmp3, Bmpr1α and Bmpr1β), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, ‑9 and ‑10). These genes are associated with collagen biology, transcriptional control, skeletal development, bone mineral metabolism, and cell adhesion. SIN‑1 induced death of hypertrophic chondrocytes likely through TGF‑β/Smad or BMP/Smad pathways. Oxidative‑stress‑dependent induction of abnormal gene expression may be associated with chondronecrosis in the cartilage of patients with OA or KBD.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Tsolis KC, Bei ES, Papathanasiou I, Kostopoulou F, Gkretsi V, Kalantzaki K, Malizos K, Zervakis M, Tsezou A and Economou A: Comparative proteomic analysis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Clin Proteomics. 12:122015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Moreno-Reyes R, Suetens C, Mathieu F, Begaux F, Zhu D, Rivera MT, Boelaert M, Nève J, Perlmutter N and Vanderpas J: Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy in rural Tibet in relation to selenium and iodine status. N Engl J Med. 339:1112–1120. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Zhang F, Guo X, Duan C, Wu S, Yu H and Lammi M: Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways between primary osteoarthritis and endemic osteoarthritis (Kashin-Beck disease). Scand J Rheumatol. 42:71–79. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Gao ZQ, Guo X, Duan C, Ma W, Xu P, Wang W and Chen JC: Altered aggrecan synthesis and collagen expression profiles in chondrocytes from patients with Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis. J Int Med Res. 40:1325–1334. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kim SJ, Kim EJ, Kim YH, Hahn SB and Lee JW: The modulation of integrin expression by the extracellular matrix in articular chondrocytes. Yonsei Med J. 44:493–501. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Peterson JT: The importance of estimating the therapeutic index in the development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Cardiovasc Res. 69:677–687. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Schulze-Tanzil G, de Souza P, Merker HJ and Shakibaei M: Co-localization of integrins and matrix metalloproteinases in the extracellular matrix of chondrocyte cultures. Histol Histopathol. 16:1081–1089. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Pal S, Ganguly KK, Moulik S and Chatterjee A: Modulation of MMPs by cell surface integrin receptor α5β1. Anticancer Agents Med Chem Sep. 12:726–732. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

van der Kraan PM and van den Berg WB: Chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoarthritis: Role in initiation and progression of cartilage degeneration? Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 20:223–232. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Chen AF, Davies CM, De Lin M and Fermor B: Oxidative DNA damage in osteoarthritic porcine articular cartilage. J Cell Physiol. 217:828–833. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wang W, Wei S, Luo M, Yu B, Cao J, Yang Z, Wang Z, Goldring MB and Chen J: Oxidative stress and status of antioxidant enzymes in children with Kashine-Beck disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 21:1781–1789. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Konishi K, Watanabe N and Arai T: SIN-1 cytotoxicity to PC12 cells is mediated by thiol-sensitive short-lived substances generated through SIN-1 decomposition in culture medium. Nitric Oxide. 20:270–278. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Tian J, Yan J, Wang W, Zhong N, Tian L, Sun J, Min Z, Ma J and Lu S: T-2 toxin enhances catabolic activity of hypertrophic chondrocytes through ROS-NF-jB-HIF-2α pathway. Toxicol In Vitro. 26:1106–1113. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Hunter DJ and Felson DT: Osteoarthritis. BMJ. 332:639–642. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ueno T, Yamada M, Sugita Y and Ogawa T: N-Acetyl cysteine protects TMJ chondrocytes from oxidative stress. J Dent Res. 90:353–359. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Hinoi E, Takarada T, Fujimori S, Wang L, Iemata M, Uno K and Yoneda Y: Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 negatively regulates chondrogenesis. Bone. 40:337–344. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Morita K, Miyamoto T, Fujita N, Kubota Y, Ito K, Takubo K, Miyamoto K, Ninomiya K, Suzuki T, Iwasaki R, et al: Reactive oxygen species induce chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral ossification. J Exp Med. 204:1613–1623. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hoshida S, Kuzuya T, Yamashita N, Oe H, Fuji H, Hori M, Tada M and Kamada T: Brief myocardial ischemia affects free radical generating and scavenging systems in dogs. Heart Vessels. 8:115–120. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Del Carlo M Jr and Loeser RF: Nitric oxide-mediated chondrocyte cell death requires the generation of additional reactive oxygen species. Arthritis Rheum. 46:394–403. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Guo X, Zuo H, Cao CX, Zhang Y, Geng D, Zhang ZT, Zhang YG, von der Mark K and von der Mark H: Abnormal expression of Col X, PTHrP, TGF-beta, bFGF, and VEGF in cartilage with Kashin-Beck disease. J Bone Miner Metab. 24:319–328. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Yang X, Chen L, Xu X, Li C, Huang C and Deng CX: TGF-beta/Smad3 signals repress chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and are required for maintaining articular cartilage. J Cell Biol. 153:35–46. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Valdes AM, Spector TD, Tamm A, Kisand K, Doherty SA, Dennison EM, Mangino M, Tamm A, Kerna I, Hart DJ, et al: Genetic variation in the SMAD3 gene is associated with hip and knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 62:2347–2352. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Blom AB, van der Kraan PM and van den Berg WB: Cytokine targeting in osteoarthritis. Curr Drug Targets. 8:283–292. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Davidson Blaney EN, Vitters EL, van der Kraan PM and van den Berg WB: Expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) and the TGFbeta signalling molecule SMAD-2P in spontaneous and instability-induced osteoarthritis: Role in cartilage degradation, chondrogenesis and osteophyte formation. Ann Rheum Dis. 65:1414–1421. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Bragdon B, Moseychuk O, Saldanha S, King D, Julian J and Nohe A: Bone morphogenetic proteins: A critical review. Cell Signal. 23:609–620. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Long J, Li P, Du HM, Liu L, Zheng XH, Lin YF, Wang H, Jing W, Tang W, Chen WH, et al: Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene therapy on new bone formation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis at rapid rate in rabbits. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 112:50–57. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Retting KN, Song B, Yoon BS and Lyons KM: BMP canonical Smad signaling through Smad-1 and Smad-5 is required for endochondral bone formation. Development. 136:1093–1104. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kim IS, Song YM, Cho TH, Kim JY, Weber FE and Hwang SJ: Synergistic action of static stretching and BMP-2 stimulation in the osteoblast differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. J Biomech. 42:2721–2727. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Caron MM, Emans PJ, Cremers A, Surtel DA, Coolsen MM, van Rhijn LW and Welting TJ: Hypertrophic differentiation during chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells is stimulated by BMP-2 but suppressed by BMP-7. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 21:604–613. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhou X, Tao Y, Liang C, Zhang Y, Li H and Chen Q: BMP3 alone and together with TGF-β promote the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype. Int J Mol Sci. 16:20344–20359. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhang Z, Yang W, Cao Y, Shi Y, Lei C, Du B, Li X and Zhang Q: The functions of BMP3 in rabbit articular cartilage repair. Int J Mol Sci. 16:25934–25946. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Guenther CA, Wang Z, Li E, Tran MC, Logan CY, Nusse R, Pantalena-Filho L, Yang GP and Kingsley DM: A distinct regulatory region of the Bmp5 locus activates gene expression following adult bone fracture or soft tissue injury. Bone. 77:31–41. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Chen J, Luo M, Wang W, Zhang Z, He Y, Duance VC, Hughes CE, Caterson B and Cao J: Altered proteolytic activity and expression of MMPs and aggrecanases and their inhibitors in Kashin-Beck disease. J Orthop Res. 33:47–55. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Michelin AC, Justulin LA Jr, Delella FK, Padovani CR, Felisbino SL and Dal-Pai-Silva M: Differential MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and collagen distribution in skeletal muscle from pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during juvenile and adult growth phases. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 292:387–395. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Tian J, Zhang FJ and Lei GH: Role of integrins and their ligands in osteoarthritic cartilage. Rheumatol Int. 35:787–798. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Almonte-Becerril M, Costell M and Kouri JB: Changes in the integrins expression are related with the osteoarthritis severity in an experimental animal model in rats. J Orthop Res. 32:1161–1166. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kurtis MS, Schmidt TA, Bugbee WD, Loeser RF and Sah RL: Integrin-mediated adhesion of human articular chondrocytes to cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 48:110–118. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Vortkamp A, Lee K, Lanske B, Segre GV, Kronenberg HM and Tabin CJ: Regulation of rate of cartilage differentiation by Indian hedgehog and PTH-related protein. Science. 273:613–622. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Winkler DG, Sutherland MK, Geoghegan JC, Yu C, Hayes T, Skonier JE, Shpektor D, Jonas M, Kovacevich BR, Staehling-Hampton K, et al: Osteocyte control of bone formation via sclerostin, a novel BMP antagonist. EMBO J. 22:6267–6276. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
He Y, Yao W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Jiang Z, Ma T, Sun J, Shao M, Chen J, Chen J, et al: Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1. Exp Ther Med 16: 609-618, 2018.
APA
He, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Jiang, Z. ... Chen, J. (2018). Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16, 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6261
MLA
He, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Jiang, Z., Ma, T., Sun, J., Shao, M., Chen, J."Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16.2 (2018): 609-618.
Chicago
He, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Jiang, Z., Ma, T., Sun, J., Shao, M., Chen, J."Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16, no. 2 (2018): 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6261
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
He Y, Yao W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Jiang Z, Ma T, Sun J, Shao M, Chen J, Chen J, et al: Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1. Exp Ther Med 16: 609-618, 2018.
APA
He, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Jiang, Z. ... Chen, J. (2018). Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16, 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6261
MLA
He, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Jiang, Z., Ma, T., Sun, J., Shao, M., Chen, J."Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16.2 (2018): 609-618.
Chicago
He, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Jiang, Z., Ma, T., Sun, J., Shao, M., Chen, J."Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN‑1". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16, no. 2 (2018): 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6261
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team