Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
October-2018 Volume 16 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2018 Volume 16 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment

  • Authors:
    • Jian‑Jun Ye
    • Wei Li
    • Dong‑Sheng Zhang
    • Qiang Li
    • Jia Zhu
    • Jia‑Jie Chen
    • Yong‑Bin Li
    • Xue‑Jiao Yan
    • Jie‑Rong Liu
    • Xuan Wei
    • Ya‑Rong Wang
    • Wei Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3202-3210
    |
    Published online on: August 3, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6571
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The objective of the present study was to determine whether methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in heroin‑dependent patients affects inhibitory control, whether any MMT‑induced changes correlate with methadone dose and MMT duration, and whether these changes depend on the psychological characteristics of patients, such as depression, anxiety and impulsivity. Response inhibition in the GO/NO‑GO test was combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning data to examine whether MMT affects inhibitory control in 21 heroin‑addicted patients who had already undergone at least three months of MMT. Patients were evaluated one year prior to and after the MMT period. Participants exhibited no difference in their GO/NO‑GO reaction time and accuracy rate, or in their false alarm rate under NO‑GO conditions. However, increased activation was detected in numerous brain regions in their 12‑month fMRI scans, although these were not in the frontal‑striatal loop. Increased fMRI activation in the left precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus were negatively correlated with the daily methadone dose and total methadone dose during the one‑year study period. In conclusion, these results suggested that MMT over one year does not significantly change the behavioral indicators of inhibitory control function in heroin‑dependent patients. The increase in activation leads to the hypothesis that MMT over one year may increase cognitive inhibitory control, which may be the result of the combined negative effect of methadone and the positive effect of functional recovery after withdrawal of heroin.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Bracken BK, Trksak GH, Penetar DM, Tartarini WL, Maywalt MA, Dorsey CM and Lukas SE: Response inhibition and psychomotor speed during methadone maintenance: Impact of treatment duration, dose, and sleep deprivation. Drug Alcohol Depend. 125:132–139. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Mintzer MZ, Copersino ML and Stitzer ML: Opioid abuse and cognitive performance. Drug Alcohol Depend. 78:225–230. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Constantinou N, Morgan CJ, Battistella S, O'Ryan D, Davis P and Curran HV: Attentional bias, inhibitory control and acute stress in current and former opiate addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 109:220–225. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Verdejo A, Toribio I, Orozco C, Puente KL and Pérez-García M: Neuropsychological functioning in methadone maintenance patients versus abstinent heroin abusers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 78:283–288. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Andersen JM, Olaussen CF, Ripel A and Mørland J: Long-term methadone treatment impairs novelty preference in rats both when present and absent in brain tissue. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior. 98:412–416. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Tramullas M, Martínez-Cué C and Hurlé MA: Chronic methadone treatment and repeated withdrawal impair cognition and increase the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in mouse brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 193:107–120. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lin WC, Chou KH, Chen CC, Huang CC, Chen HL, Lu CH, Li SH, Wang YL, Cheng YF and Lin CP: White matter abnormalities correlating with memory and depression in heroin users under methadone maintenance treatment. Plos One. 7:e338092012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Liao DL, Huang CY, Hu S, Fang SC, Wu CS, Chen WT, Lee TS, Chen PC and Li CS: Cognitive control in opioid dependence and methadone maintenance treatment. PloS One. 9:e945892014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gruber SA, Tzilos GK, Silveri MM, Pollack M, Renshaw PF, Kaufman MJ and Yurgelun-Todd DA: Methadone maintenance improves cognitive performance after two months of treatment. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 14:157–164. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Nigg JT: On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychol Bull. 126:220–246. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Peles E, Schreiber S, Naumovsky Y and Adelson M: Depression in methadone maintenance treatment patients: Rate and risk factors. J Affect Disord. 99:213–220. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kavanaugh BC: The role of inhibitory control in the hospitalization of children with severe psychiatric disorders. Clin Neuropsychol. 30:369–370. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Lin WC, Chou KH, Chen HL, Huang CC, Lu CH, Li SH, Wang YL, Cheng YF, Lin CP and Chen CC: Structural deficits in the emotion circuit and cerebellum are associated with depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunction in methadone maintenance patients: A voxel-based morphometric study. Psychiatry Res. 201:89–97. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Verdejo-Garcia A, Lawrence AJ and Clark L: Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 32:777–810. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Camchong J, Stenger A and Fein G: Resting-state synchrony during early alcohol abstinence can predict subsequent relapse. Cereb Cortex. 23:2086–2099. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Mechelli A, Henson RN, Price CJ and Friston KJ: Comparing event-related and epoch analysis in blocked design fMRI. Neuroimage. 18:806–810. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Friston KJ, Fletcher P, Josephs O, Holmes A, Rugg MD and Turner R: Event-related fMRI: Characterizing differential responses. Neuroimage. 7:30–40. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Fu LP, Bi GH, Zou ZT, Wang Y, Ye EM, Ma L, Ming-Fan and Yang Z: Impaired response inhibition function in abstinent heroin dependents: An fMRI study. Neurosci Lett. 438:322–326. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Garavan H, Ross TJ, Murphy K, Roche RA and Stein EA: Dissociable executive functions in the dynamic control of behavior: Inhibition, error detection, and correction. Neuroimage. 17:1820–1829. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Menon V, Adleman NE, White CD, Glover GH and Reiss AL: Error-related brain activation during a Go/NoGo response inhibition task. Hum Brain Mapp. 12:131–143. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Swick D, Ashley V and Turken U: Are the neural correlates of stopping and not going identical? Quantitative meta-analysis of two response inhibition tasks. Neuroimage. 56:1655–1665. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Eagle DM, Bari A and Robbins TW: The neuropsychopharmacology of action inhibition: Cross-species translation of the stop-signal and go/no-go tasks. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 199:439–456. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kaufman JN, Ross TJ, Stein EA and Garavan H: Cingulate hypoactivity in cocaine users during a GO-NOGO task as revealed by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci. 23:7839–7843. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Simmonds DJ, Pekar JJ and Mostofsky SH: Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent. Neuropsychologia. 46:224–232. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hamilton M: The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol. 32:50–55. 1959. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 105:1158–1170. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

ZW H: The preliminary establishment of opioid protracted withdrawal symptoms self evaluation scale. Chin Mental Health J. 17:2942003.(In Chinese).

28 

Patton JH, Stanford MS and Barratt ES: Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. J Clin Psychol. 51:768–774. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Association AP: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. text rev.Washington, DC: 2002

30 

Rubia K, Russell T, Overmeyer S, Brammer MJ, Bullmore ET, Sharma T, Simmons A, Williams SC, Giampietro V, Andrew CM and Taylor E: Mapping motor inhibition: Conjunctive brain activations across different versions of go/no-go and stop tasks. Neuroimage. 13:250–261. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Wang W, Li Q, Wang Y, Tian J, Yang W, Li W, Qin W, Yuan K and Liu J: Brain fMRI and craving response to heroin-related cues in patients on methadone maintenance treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 37:123–130. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Salo R, Nordahl TE, Galloway GP, Moore CD, Waters C and Leamon MH: Drug abstinence and cognitive control in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. J Subst Abuse Treat. 37:292–297. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Schweinsburg AD, Schweinsburg BC, Medina KL, McQueeny T, Brown SA and Tapert SF: The influence of recency of use on fMRI response during spatial working memory in adolescent marijuana users. J Psychoact Drugs. 42:401–412. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Li CS, Luo X, Sinha R, Rounsaville BJ, Carroll KM, Malison RT, Ding YS, Zhang S and Ide JS: Increased error-related thalamic activity during early compared to late cocaine abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 109:181–189. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Harnishfeger KK: The development of cognitive inhibitionInterferenee and Inhibition in Cognition. Dempster FN and Brainerd CJ: Academic Press; San Diego, CA: 1995, View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Bari A and Robbins TW: Inhibition and impulsivity: Behavioral and neural basis of response control. Prog Neurobiol. 108:44–79. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Nambu A, Tokuno H and Takada M: Functional significance of the cortico-subthalamo-pallidal ‘hyperdirect’ pathway. Neurosci Res. 43:111–117. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Aron AR and Poldrack RA: Cortical and subcortical contributions to Stop signal response inhibition: Role of the subthalamic nucleus. J Neurosci. 26:2424–2433. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Greenhouse I, Gould S, Houser M, Hicks G, Gross J and Aron AR: Stimulation at dorsal and ventral electrode contacts targeted at the subthalamic nucleus has different effects on motor and emotion functions in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia. 49:528–534. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Boehler CN, Appelbaum LG, Krebs RM, Hopf JM and Woldorff MG: Pinning down response inhibition in the brain-conjunction analyses of the Stop-signal task. NeuroImage. 52:1621–1632. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Alexander GE, Crutcher MD and DeLong MR: Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, ‘prefrontal’ and ‘limbic’ functions. Prog Brain Res. 85:119–146. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Ghahremani DG, Lee B, Robertson CL, Tabibnia G, Morgan AT, De Shetler N, Brown AK, Monterosso JR, Aron AR, Mandelkern MA, et al: Striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptors mediate response inhibition and related activity in frontostriatal neural circuitry in humans. J Neurosci. 32:7316–7324. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Jahfari S, Waldorp L, van den Wildenberg WP, Scholte HS, Ridderinkhof KR and Forstmann BU: Effective connectivity reveals important roles for both the hyperdirect (fronto-subthalamic) and the indirect (fronto-striatal-pallidal) fronto-basal ganglia pathways during response inhibition. J Neurosci. 31:6891–6899. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Li CS, Yan P, Sinha R and Lee TW: Subcortical processes of motor response inhibition during a stop signal task. Neuroimage. 41:1352–1363. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Swick D, Ashley V and Turken AU: Left inferior frontal gyrus is critical for response inhibition. BMC Neurosci. 9:1022008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Dosenbach NU, Visscher KM, Palmer ED, Miezin FM, Wenger KK, Kang HC, Burgund ED, Grimes AL, Schlaggar BL and Petersen SE: A core system for the implementation of task sets. Neuron. 50:799–812. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Brunia CH: Waiting in readiness: Gating in attention and motor preparation. Psychophysiology. 30:327–339. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Aron AR, Behrens TE, Smith S, Frank MJ and Poldrack RA: Triangulating a cognitive control network using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI. J Neurosci. 27:3743–3752. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ye JJ, Li W, Zhang DS, Li Q, Zhu J, Chen JJ, Li YB, Yan XJ, Liu JR, Wei X, Wei X, et al: Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment. Exp Ther Med 16: 3202-3210, 2018.
APA
Ye, J., Li, W., Zhang, D., Li, Q., Zhu, J., Chen, J. ... Wang, W. (2018). Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16, 3202-3210. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6571
MLA
Ye, J., Li, W., Zhang, D., Li, Q., Zhu, J., Chen, J., Li, Y., Yan, X., Liu, J., Wei, X., Wang, Y., Wang, W."Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16.4 (2018): 3202-3210.
Chicago
Ye, J., Li, W., Zhang, D., Li, Q., Zhu, J., Chen, J., Li, Y., Yan, X., Liu, J., Wei, X., Wang, Y., Wang, W."Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16, no. 4 (2018): 3202-3210. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6571
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ye JJ, Li W, Zhang DS, Li Q, Zhu J, Chen JJ, Li YB, Yan XJ, Liu JR, Wei X, Wei X, et al: Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment. Exp Ther Med 16: 3202-3210, 2018.
APA
Ye, J., Li, W., Zhang, D., Li, Q., Zhu, J., Chen, J. ... Wang, W. (2018). Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16, 3202-3210. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6571
MLA
Ye, J., Li, W., Zhang, D., Li, Q., Zhu, J., Chen, J., Li, Y., Yan, X., Liu, J., Wei, X., Wang, Y., Wang, W."Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16.4 (2018): 3202-3210.
Chicago
Ye, J., Li, W., Zhang, D., Li, Q., Zhu, J., Chen, J., Li, Y., Yan, X., Liu, J., Wei, X., Wang, Y., Wang, W."Longitudinal behavioral and fMRI‑based assessment of inhibitory control in heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16, no. 4 (2018): 3202-3210. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6571
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team