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Review Open Access

Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Alexandra Trivli
    • Ioannis Koliarakis
    • Chryssa Terzidou
    • George   N. Goulielmos
    • Charalambos S. Siganos
    • Demetrios   A. Spandidos
    • Georgios Dalianis
    • Efstathios T. Detorakis
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, Konstantopouleio‑Patission General Hospital, 14233 Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
    Copyright: © Trivli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 563-574
    |
    Published online on: November 26, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7011
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Abstract

Normal‑tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy which, similar to open‑angle glaucomas, is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and glaucomatous visual field loss. The major distinction of NTG from open‑angle glaucomas is that the intraocular pressure (IOP) does not exceed the normal range. Missing the major risk factor and target of therapy, the elevated IOP, NTG poses a clinical challenge. Several insightful reviews have been published on the pathophysiology of NTG describing the possible underlying mechanisms. The current literature available also suggests that a significant percentage of patients with NTG (as high as 21%) have a family history of glaucoma, indicating a genetic predisposition to the disease. These facts strengthen the indication that NTG remains an enigmatic process. The aim of this review was to summarize the vascular, mechanical and genetic components considered to be responsible for NTG development and to discuss the mechanisms through which they are involved in the pathogenesis of NTG.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Trivli A, Koliarakis I, Terzidou C, Goulielmos GN, Siganos CS, Spandidos DA, Dalianis G and Detorakis ET: Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review). Exp Ther Med 17: 563-574, 2019.
APA
Trivli, A., Koliarakis, I., Terzidou, C., Goulielmos, G.N., Siganos, C.S., Spandidos, D.A. ... Detorakis, E.T. (2019). Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 563-574. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7011
MLA
Trivli, A., Koliarakis, I., Terzidou, C., Goulielmos, G. N., Siganos, C. S., Spandidos, D. A., Dalianis, G., Detorakis, E. T."Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.1 (2019): 563-574.
Chicago
Trivli, A., Koliarakis, I., Terzidou, C., Goulielmos, G. N., Siganos, C. S., Spandidos, D. A., Dalianis, G., Detorakis, E. T."Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 1 (2019): 563-574. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7011
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Trivli A, Koliarakis I, Terzidou C, Goulielmos GN, Siganos CS, Spandidos DA, Dalianis G and Detorakis ET: Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review). Exp Ther Med 17: 563-574, 2019.
APA
Trivli, A., Koliarakis, I., Terzidou, C., Goulielmos, G.N., Siganos, C.S., Spandidos, D.A. ... Detorakis, E.T. (2019). Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 563-574. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7011
MLA
Trivli, A., Koliarakis, I., Terzidou, C., Goulielmos, G. N., Siganos, C. S., Spandidos, D. A., Dalianis, G., Detorakis, E. T."Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.1 (2019): 563-574.
Chicago
Trivli, A., Koliarakis, I., Terzidou, C., Goulielmos, G. N., Siganos, C. S., Spandidos, D. A., Dalianis, G., Detorakis, E. T."Normal‑tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 1 (2019): 563-574. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7011
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