Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy

  • Authors:
    • Qian Lu
    • Wen‑Wen Wang
    • Ming‑Zhu Zhang
    • Zhong‑Xuan Ma
    • Xin‑Ran Qiu
    • Mengli Shen
    • Xiao‑Xing Yin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China, Deparment of Clinical Pharmacy, Changzhou Fourth People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
  • Pages: 835-846
    |
    Published online on: November 26, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7014
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Oxidative stress has been reported to serve an important role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells promotes renal fibrosis in DN, while the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‑mediated EMT is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high glucose‑induced ROS on the activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1/phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in a normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cell line (NRK‑52E) and rats with type 1 diabetes. In vitro, high glucose-stimulated ROS production resulted in increased TGF‑β1 expression as well as an increase in the Akt and mTOR phosphorylation ratio, resulting in EMT. When cells were pre‑treated with ROS inhibitors, changes in TGF‑β1, Akt and mTOR were significantly ameliorated. In vivo, diabetic rats experienced a significant decline in renal function and severe renal fibrosis compared with control rats at 8 weeks following streptozocin injection. Levels of malondialdehyde and TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation were increased in the renal cortex of rats with diabetes compared with the control rats. Furthermore, renal fibrosis was further aggravated in DN compared with the control rats. The results of the present study suggest that ROS serves an important role in mediating high glucose‑induced EMT and inhibits activation of the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. ROS may therefore have potential as a treatment approach to prevent renal fibrosis in DN.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Cooper ME: Pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Lancet. 352:213–219. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kanwar YS, Sun L, Xie P, Liu FY and Chen S: A glimpse of various pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy. Annu Rev Pathol. 6:395–423. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Eddy AA: Molecular basis of renal fibrosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 15:290–301. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Zeisberg M and Neilson EG: Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. J Clin Invest. 119:1429–1437. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hu N, Duan J, Li H, Wang Y, Wang F, Chu J, Sun J, Liu M, Wang C, Lu C and Wen A: Hydroxysafflor yellow a ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One. 11:e01534092016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Burns WC and Thomas MC: Angiotensin II and its role in tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated with chronic kidney disease. Cells Tissues Organs. 193:74–84. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yang YL, Ju HZ, Liu SF, Lee TC, Shih YW, Chuang LY, Guh JY, Yang YY, Liao TN, Hung TJ and Hung MY: BMP-2 suppresses renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition. J Cell Biochem. 112:2558–2565. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Liu Y: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in renal fibrogenesis: Pathologic significance, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic intervention. J Am Soc Nephrol. 15:1–12. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Rösen P, Nawroth PP, King G, Möller W, Tritschler HJ and Packer L: The role of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications: A summary of a congress series sponsored by UNESCO-MCBN, the American diabetes association and the German diabetes society. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 17:189–212. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Giacco F and Brownlee M: Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res. 107:1058–1070. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Kashihara N, Haruna Y, Kondeti VK and Kanwar YS: Oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy. Curr Med Chem. 17:4256–4269. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Brownlee M: The pathobiology of diabetic complications: A unifying mechanism. Diabetes. 54:1615–1625. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Smith KA, Zhou B, Avdulov S, Benyumov A, Peterson M, Liu Y, Okon A, Hergert P, Braziunas J, Wagner CR, et al: Transforming growth factor-β1 induced epithelial mesenchymal transition is blocked by a chemical antagonist of translation factor eIF4E. Sci Rep. 5:182332015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Shirakihara T, Horiguchi K, Miyazawa K, Ehata S, Shibata T, Morita I, Miyazono K and Saitoh M: TGF-β regulates isoform switching of FGF receptors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. EMBO J. 30:783–795. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Hills CE and Squires PE: The role of TGF-β and epithelial-to mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 22:131–139. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ji Y, Dou YN, Zhao QW, Zhang JZ, Yang Y, Wang T, Xia YF, Dai Y and Wei ZF: Paeoniflorin suppresses TGF-β mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis through a Smad-dependent pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 37:794–804. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kattla JJ, Carew RW, Heljic M, Godson C and Brazil DP: Protein kinase B/Akt activity is involved in renal TGF-beta1-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 295:F215–F225. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Risso G, Blaustein M, Pozzi B, Mammi P and Srebrow A: Akt/PKB: One kinase, many modifications. Biochem J. 468:203–214. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lu Q, Zhai Y, Cheng Q, Liu Y, Gao X, Zhang T, Wei Y, Zhang F and Yin X: The Akt-FoxO3a-manganese superoxide dismutase pathway is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Physiol. 98:934–945. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Lu Q, Zuo WZ, Ji XJ, Zhou YX, Liu YQ, Yao XQ, Zhou XY, Liu YW, Zhang F and Yin XX: Ethanolic Ginkgo biloba leaf extract prevents renal fibrosis through Akt/mTOR signaling in diabetic nephropathy. Phytomedicine. 22:1071–1078. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Bai X and Jiang Y: Key factors in mTOR regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 67:239–253. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Ma XM and Blenis J: Molecular mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational control. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 10:307–318. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Inoki K: Role of TSC-mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 82 Suppl 1:S59–S62. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lin CJ, Chen TL, Tseng YY, Wu GJ, Hsieh MH, Lin YW and Chen RW: Honokiol induces autophagic cell death in malignant glioma through reactive oxygen species-mediated regulation of the p53/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 304:59–69. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Yalcin S, Marinkovic D, Mungamuri SK, Zhang X, Tong W, Sellers R and Ghaffari S: ROS-mediated amplification of AKT/mTOR signalling pathway leads to myeloproliferative syndrome in Foxo3(−/-) mice. EMBO J. 29:4118–4131. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Fantus D, Rogers NM, Grahammer F, Huber TB and Thomson AW: Roles of mTOR complexes in the kidney: Implications for renal disease and transplantation. Nat Rev Nephrol. 12:587–609. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Lieberthal W and Levine JS: The role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 20:2493–2502. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Lamouille S and Derynck R: Emergence of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin axis in transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cells Tissues Organs. 193:8–22. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lu Q, Ji XJ, Zhou YX, Yao XQ, Liu YQ, Zhang F and Yin XX: Quercetin inhibits the mTORC1/p70S6K signaling-mediated renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Pharmacol Res. 99:237–247. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Schmittgen TD and Livak KJ: Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 3:1101–1108. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ha H, Yang Y and Lee HB: Mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation in LLC-PKI cells cultured under high glucose. J Am Sec Nephrol. 13:5312002.

32 

Brosius FC, Khoury CC, Buller CL and Chen S: Abnormalities in signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 5:51–64. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Simonson MS: Phenotypic transitions and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 71:846–854. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liu Y: New insights into epithelial-mesenchymal transition in kidney fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 21:212–222. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Lv ZM, Wang Q, Wan Q, Lin JG, Hu MS, Liu YX and Wang R: The role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells. PLoS One. 6:e228062011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Liu R, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Shi M, Zhang G and Guo B: SnoN as a key regulator of the high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cells of the proximal tubule. Kidney Blood Press Res. 35:517–528. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Brownlee M: Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 414:813–820. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Coughlan MT, Mibus AL and Forbes JM: Oxidative stress and advanced glycation in diabetic nephropathy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1126:190–193. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Wang R, Ding G, Liang W, Chen C and Yang H: Role of LOX-1 and ROS in oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of NRK52E. Lipids Health Dis. 9:1202010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Tang F, Hao Y, Zhang X and Qin J: Effect of echinacoside on kidney fibrosis by inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in the db/db mice model of diabetic nephropathy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 11:2813–2826. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Suwanabol PA, Seedial SM, Zhang F, Shi X, Si Y, Liu B and Kent KC: TGF-β and Smad3 modulate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 302:H2211–H2219. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Chen JK, Chen J, Neilson EG and Harris RC: Role of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in compensatory renal hypertrophy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 16:1384–1391. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Lee CH, Inoki K and Guan KL: mTOR pathway as a target in tissue hypertrophy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 47:443–467. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Yeh YH, Wang SW, Yeh YC, Hsiao HF and Li TK: Rhapontigenin inhibits TGF-β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and is not associated with HIF-1α degradation. Oncol Rep. 35:2887–2895. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lu Q, Wang WW, Zhang MZ, Ma ZX, Qiu XR, Shen M and Yin XX: ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 17: 835-846, 2019.
APA
Lu, Q., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Ma, Z., Qiu, X., Shen, M., & Yin, X. (2019). ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 835-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7014
MLA
Lu, Q., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Ma, Z., Qiu, X., Shen, M., Yin, X."ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.1 (2019): 835-846.
Chicago
Lu, Q., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Ma, Z., Qiu, X., Shen, M., Yin, X."ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 1 (2019): 835-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7014
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lu Q, Wang WW, Zhang MZ, Ma ZX, Qiu XR, Shen M and Yin XX: ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 17: 835-846, 2019.
APA
Lu, Q., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Ma, Z., Qiu, X., Shen, M., & Yin, X. (2019). ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 835-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7014
MLA
Lu, Q., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Ma, Z., Qiu, X., Shen, M., Yin, X."ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.1 (2019): 835-846.
Chicago
Lu, Q., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Ma, Z., Qiu, X., Shen, M., Yin, X."ROS induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the TGF‑β1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 1 (2019): 835-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7014
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team