Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
March-2019 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2019 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice

  • Authors:
    • Guangyao Huang
    • Pan Cheng
    • Ling Ding
    • Li Wang
    • Juan Hu
    • Yongxue Zhang
    • Guowei Cai
    • Meiling Chen
    • Aizong Shen
    • Shan Gao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1551-1562
    |
    Published online on: December 17, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7105
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang (XJEK) on high salt‑induced hypertensive mice. Mice with high‑salt diet‑induced hypertension were divided into four groups: Control (standard diet alone for 8 weeks), model (diet containing 8% NaCl for 8 weeks and intragastric administration of distilled water for the last 4 weeks), XJEK + high‑salt‑treated (diet containing 8% NaCl for 8 weeks and intragastric administration of XJEK for the last 4 weeks) and irbesartan + high‑salt‑treated (diet containing 8% NaCl for 8 weeks with intragastric administration of irbesartan for the last 4 weeks). The hemodynamic index and cardiac pathological changes in the hypertensive mice were then examined. An aortic ring apparatus was used to detect acetylcholine‑dependent endothelium relaxation function. Colorimetric analysis was applied to determine serum nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content; ELISA was employed to measure brain natriuretic peptide, serum angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin‑1 content and aldosterone; and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α in cardiac tissues. XJEK improved the heart systolic and diastolic function, ameliorated hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular remodeling indices, blunted the cardiac pathological changes and improved endothelial dysfunction (ED) via boosting eNOS activity, promoting NO bioavailability and decreasing serum Ang II content. Furthermore, treatment with XJEK inhibited the increase of IL‑1β and TNF‑α expression and the decrease of IL‑10 expression in cardiac tissues, and ameliorated oxidative stress status. Therefore, XJEK exerted protective effects against high salt‑induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in mice via improving ED, restoring pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory factor balance and decreasing oxidative stress.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

Glover M, Zuber AM and O'Shaughnessy KM: Hypertension, dietary salt intake, and the role of the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride transporter NCCT. Cardiovasc Ther. 29:68–76. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, et al: Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 119:480–486. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Asghar M, Tayebati SK, Lokhandwala MF and Hussain T: Potential dopamine-1 receptor stimulation in hypertension management. Curr Hypertens Rep. 13:294–302. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Basson J, Simino J and Rao DC: Between candidate genes and whole genomes: Time for alternative approaches in blood pressure genetics. Curr Hypertens Rep. 14:46–61. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Lev-Ran A and Porta M: Salt and hypertension: A phylogenetic perspective. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 21:118–131. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Drenjančević-Perić I, Jelaković B, Lombard JH, Kunert MP, Kibel A and Gros M: High-salt diet and hypertension: Focus on the renin-angiotensin system. Kidney Blood Press Res. 34:1–11. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Oloyo AK, Sofola OA and Yakubu MA: Orchidectomy attenuates high-salt diet-induced increases in blood pressure, renovascular resistance, and hind limb vascular dysfunction: Role of testosterone. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 43:825–833. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Guo K, Lan CZ, Yu TT, Huang LL, Wang XH, Pan C and Gao S: Effects of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang formula on 2K1C-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 155:1227–1235. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Boegehold MA, Drenjancevic I and Lombard JH: Salt, Angiotensin II, superoxide, and endothelial function. Compr Physiol. 6:215–254. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Roeleveld RJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Marcus JT, Bronzwaer JG, Marques KM, Postmus PE and Boonstra A: Effects of epoprostenol on right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation in pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 125:572–579. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zhu J, Drenjancevic-Peric I, McEwen S, Friesema J, Schulta D, Yu M, Roman RJ and Lombard JH: Role of superoxide and angiotensin II suppression in salt-induced changes in endothelial Ca2+ signaling and NO production in rat aorta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 291:H929–H938. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhu J, Mori T, Huang T and Lombard JH: Effect of high-salt diet on NO release and superoxide production in rat aorta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 286:H575–H583. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Li L, Fink GD, Watts SW, Northcott CA, Galligan JJ, Pagano PJ and Chen AF: Endothelin-1 increases vascular superoxide via endothelin(A)-NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin hypertension. Circulation. 107:1053–1058. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Pagano PJ, Clark JK, Cifuentes-Pagano ME, Clark SM, Callis GM and Quinn MT: Localization of a constitutively active, phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase in rabbit aortic adventitia: Enhancement by angiotensin II. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:14483–14488. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Rajagopalan S, Kurz S, Münzel T, Tarpey M, Freeman BA, Griendling KK and Harrison DG: Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest. 97:1916–1923. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

De Batista PR, Palacios R, Martin A, Hernanz R, Médici CT, Silva MA, Rossi EM, Aguado A, Vassallo DV, Salaices M and Alonso MJ: Toll-like receptor 4 upregulation by angiotensin II contributes to hypertension and vascular dysfunction through reactive oxygen species production. PLoS One. 9:e1040202014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Harrison DG, Marvar PJ and Titze JM: Vascular inflammatory cells in hypertension. Front Physiol. 3:1282012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Matsusaka T and Ichikawa I: Biological functions of angiotensin and its receptors. Annu Rev Physiol. 59:395–412. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Cai H and Harrison DG: Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: The role of oxidant stress. Circ Res. 87:840–844. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Mehta PK and Griendling KK: Angiotensin II cell signaling: Physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 292:C82–C97. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Chen LW, Qin KM, Zhu YH, Cai H, Li WD and Cai BC: Research status and prospect of primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 40:602–606. 2015.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

22 

Wang QM, Chen GL, Wang YJ, Wang HS, Gao MH and Gong YZ: An experimental study on inhibitory effect of xinjierkang granules on virus myocarditis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 25:293–296. 2000.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

23 

U.S Department of Health Education & Welfare. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (revised edition). 1978.

24 

Preuss HG, Knapka JJ, MacArthy P, Yousufi AK, Sabnis SG and Antonovych TT: High sucrose diets increase blood pressure of both salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats. Am J Hypertens. 5:585–591. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Yu TT, Guo K, Chen HC, Lan CZ, Wang J, Huang LL, Wang XH, Zhang Z and Gao S: Effects of traditional Chinese medicine Xin-Ji-Er-Kang formula on 2K1C hypertensive rats: Role of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. BMC Complement Altern Med. 13:1732013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Veltkamp R, Rajapakse N, Robins G, Puskar M, Shimizu K and Busija D: Transient focal ischemia increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cerebral blood vessels. Stroke. 33:2704–2710. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Ma S, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang D, Li D, Tang B and Yang Y: Transgenic overexpression of uncoupling protein 2 attenuates salt-induced vascular dysfunction by inhibition of oxidative stress. Am J Hypertens. 27:345–354. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Channon KM: Tetrahydrobiopterin: A vascular redox target to improve endothelial function. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 10:705–708. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gu JW, Bailey AP, Tan W, Shparago M and Young E: Long-term high salt diet causes hypertension and decreases renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in sprague-dawley rats. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2:275–285. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Jian W, Enze C and Lizhi L: Xin Ji Er Kang in Coronary Heart Disease. J NanJing Univ Trad Chin Med. 14:201–212. 1998.(in Chinese).

31 

Gao S, Wang XH, Huang LL, Yu TT, Du SM, Guo YW, Jia Y and Wang J: Effects of a compound Chinese medicine Xinji' erkang on isoproterenol-induced ventricular remodeling in mice. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 10:330–336. 2012.(In Chinese). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Hu J, Zhang YX, Wang L, Ding L, Huang GY, Cai GW and Gao S: Protective effects of Xinji'erkang on myocardial infarction induced cardiac injury in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 17:3382017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kazmi RS, Boyce S and Lwaleed BA: Homeostasis of hemostasis: The role of endothelium. Semin Thromb Hemost. 41:549–555. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prachaney P and Kukongviriyapan V: Asiatic acid reduces blood pressure by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability with modulation of eNOS and p47phox expression in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Phytother Res. 28:1506–1512. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Fu JY, Qian LB, Zhu LG, Liang HT, Tan YN, Lu HT, Lu JF, Wang HP and Xia Q: Betulinic acid ameliorates endothelium-dependent relaxation in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by reducing oxidative stress. Eur J Pharm Sci. 44:385–391. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zatz R and Baylis C: Chronic nitric oxide inhibition model six years on. Hypertension. 32:958–964. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Shao Y, Cheng Z, Li X, Chernaya V, Wang H and Yang XF: Immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory cytokines directly and indirectly inhibit endothelial dysfunction-a novel mechanism for maintaining vascular function. J Hematol Oncol. 7:802014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Amiri F, Ko EA, Javeshghani D, Reudelhuber TL and Schiffrin EL: Deleterious combined effects of salt-loading and endothelial cell restricted endothelin-1 overexpression on blood pressure and vascular function in mice. J Hypertens. 28:1243–1251. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

39 

O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, McQueen MJ, Wang X, Liu L, Yan H, Lee SF, Mony P, Devanath A, et al: Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 371:612–623. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Lagerqvist EL, Finnin BA, Pouton CW and Haynes JM: Endothelin-1 and angiotensin II modulate rate and contraction amplitude in a subpopulation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte-containing bodies. Stem Cell Res. 6:23–33. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Tsai IJ, Croft KD, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ and Barden A: 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis is increased in human neutrophils and platelets by angiotensin II and endothelin-1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 300:H1194–H1200. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Nurkiewicz TR, Wu G, Li P and Boegehold MA: Decreased arteriolar tetrahydrobiopterin is linked to superoxide generation from nitric oxide synthase in mice fed high salt. Microcirculation. 17:147–157. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Channon KM: Tetrahydrobiopterin: Regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 14:323–327. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Campbell DJ: Do intravenous and subcutaneous angiotensin II increase blood pressure by different mechanisms? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 40:560–570. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Androulakis ES, Tousoulis D, Papageorgiou N, Tsioufis C, Kallikazaros I and Stefanadis C: Essential hypertension: Is there a role for inflammatory mechanisms? Cardiol Rev. 17:216–221. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Sprague AH and Khalil RA: Inflammatory cytokines in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 78:539–552. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Alonso J, Sánchez de Miguel L, Montón M, Casado S and López-Farré A: Endothelial cytosolic proteins bind to the 3′ untranslated region of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA: Regulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Mol Cell Biol. 17:5719–5726. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Neumann P, Gertzberg N and Johnson A: TNF-alpha induces a decrease in eNOS promoter activity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 286:L452–L459. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Ren B and She Q: Study on the association between IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms and risk of coronary artery disease. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:7937–7943. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

50 

Kasal DA, Barhoumi T, Li MW, Yamamoto N, Zdanovich E, Rehman A, Neves MF, Laurant P, Paradis P and Schiffrin EL: T regulatory lymphocytes prevent aldosterone-induced vascular injury. Hypertension. 59:324–330. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Schiffrin EL: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and cardiovascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 288:H1037–H1043. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Huang G, Cheng P, Ding L, Wang L, Hu J, Zhang Y, Cai G, Chen M, Shen A, Gao S, Gao S, et al: Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice. Exp Ther Med 17: 1551-1562, 2019.
APA
Huang, G., Cheng, P., Ding, L., Wang, L., Hu, J., Zhang, Y. ... Gao, S. (2019). Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 1551-1562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7105
MLA
Huang, G., Cheng, P., Ding, L., Wang, L., Hu, J., Zhang, Y., Cai, G., Chen, M., Shen, A., Gao, S."Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.3 (2019): 1551-1562.
Chicago
Huang, G., Cheng, P., Ding, L., Wang, L., Hu, J., Zhang, Y., Cai, G., Chen, M., Shen, A., Gao, S."Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 3 (2019): 1551-1562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7105
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Huang G, Cheng P, Ding L, Wang L, Hu J, Zhang Y, Cai G, Chen M, Shen A, Gao S, Gao S, et al: Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice. Exp Ther Med 17: 1551-1562, 2019.
APA
Huang, G., Cheng, P., Ding, L., Wang, L., Hu, J., Zhang, Y. ... Gao, S. (2019). Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 1551-1562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7105
MLA
Huang, G., Cheng, P., Ding, L., Wang, L., Hu, J., Zhang, Y., Cai, G., Chen, M., Shen, A., Gao, S."Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.3 (2019): 1551-1562.
Chicago
Huang, G., Cheng, P., Ding, L., Wang, L., Hu, J., Zhang, Y., Cai, G., Chen, M., Shen, A., Gao, S."Protective effect of Xin‑Ji‑Er‑Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt‑induced hypertensive mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 3 (2019): 1551-1562. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7105
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team