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Review

Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zongjuan Li
    • Yang Zhang
    • Ruonan Wang
    • Kun Zou
    • Lijuan Zou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2369-2377
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    Published online on: August 8, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7869
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Abstract

Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy, and its incidence is increasing. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), referring to undifferentiated subtypes, is considered to be aggressive and associated with poor prognosis. Conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy and radioiodine therapy, have been used for ATC, but these do not provide any significant reduction of the overall mortality rate. The tumorigenesis, development, dedifferentiation and metastasis of ATC are closely associated with the activation of various tyrosine cascades and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, including B‑Raf proto‑oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseV600E, phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase catalytic subunit α,tumor protein 53 mutations and telomerase reverse transcriptase mutation. These pathways exert their functions individually or through a complex network. Identification of these mutations may provide a deeper understanding of ATC. A variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been successfully employed for controlling ATC growth in vitro and in xenografts. Certain novel compounds are still in clinical trials. Multi‑kinase inhibitors provide a novel approach with great potential. This systematic review determined the prevalence of the major genetic alterations and their inhibitors in ATC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zou K and Zou L: Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review). Exp Ther Med 18: 2369-2377, 2019.
APA
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Zou, K., & Zou, L. (2019). Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 2369-2377. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7869
MLA
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Zou, K., Zou, L."Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.4 (2019): 2369-2377.
Chicago
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Zou, K., Zou, L."Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 4 (2019): 2369-2377. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7869
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zou K and Zou L: Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review). Exp Ther Med 18: 2369-2377, 2019.
APA
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Zou, K., & Zou, L. (2019). Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 2369-2377. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7869
MLA
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Zou, K., Zou, L."Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.4 (2019): 2369-2377.
Chicago
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Zou, K., Zou, L."Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 4 (2019): 2369-2377. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7869
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