Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 18 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 18 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study

  • Authors:
    • Ning Liu
    • Jiao Feng
    • Yang Lv
    • Qing Liu
    • Jingfan Deng
    • Yujing Xia
    • Chuanyong Guo
    • Yingqun Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4058-4066
    |
    Published online on: September 17, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8011
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The accumulation of toxic bile acids (BAs) is closely related to liver injury, inflammation and tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the serum BA spectrum in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis. This was a prospective observational study involving patients with chronic hepatitis (n=23), liver cirrhosis (n=101), and cirrhosis complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma (CC‑HCC; n=56). The 6‑month survival of cirrhotic patients was recorded after blood collection. Comparisons of serum total BAs and individual BAs between different groups were performed using the Mann‑Whitney U or Kruskal‑Wallis tests. Correlation analysis was conducted by Spearman's correlation. Diagnosis and prediction analyses were performed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan‑Meier method and multivariable Cox regression analysis. The concentrations of total BAs, glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) were increased significantly in patients with early cirrhosis compared to patients with chronic hepatitis (P<0.05) and were associated with the diagnosis of cirrhosis (P=0.049, 0.004, 0.002, 0.003, 0.010 and 0.009, respectively). The levels of total BAs, primary conjugated BAs, and TUDCA increased as liver cirrhosis progressed (P<0.05). Serum total BAs, GCA, GCDCA, and TCA predicted the 6‑month survival of patients with liver cirrhosis (P=0.0003, 0.005, 0.002, and 0.010 respectively). Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, the level of total BAs was an independent predictor of mortality in cirrhotic patients (hazard ratios, 4.046; 95% CI, 1.620‑10.108; P=0.003). In the early‑stage cirrhosis group, the concentrations of total BAs and primary conjugated BAs were significantly elevated in patients with CC‑HCC compared with patients with cirrhosis alone. In conclusion, total and individual BAs, especially primary conjugated BAs, are effective non‑invasive markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cirrhosis, and may be potential indicators in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with early cirrhosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J and Kamath PS: Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol. 70:151–171. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Fattovich G, Stroffolini T, Zagni I and Donato F: Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Incidence and risk factors. Gastroenterology. 127((5 Suppl 1)): S35–S50. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Forner A, Llovet JM and Bruix J: Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 379:1245–1255. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Boyer JL: Bile formation and secretion. Compr Physiol. 3:1035–1078. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Arab JP, Martin-Mateos RM and Shah VH: Gut-liver axis, cirrhosis and portal hypertension: The chicken and the egg. Hepatol Int. 12 (Suppl 1):S24–S33. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Meier PJ and Stieger B: Bile salt transporters. Annu Rev Physiol. 64:635–661. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Li T and Apte U: Bile acid metabolism and signaling in cholestasis, inflammation, and cancer. Adv Pharmacol. 74:263–302. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Wang H, Shang X, Wan X, Xiang X, Mao Q, Deng G and Wu Y: Increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently elevated serum total bile acid: A retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 6:381802016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Mouzaki M, Wang AY, Bandsma R, Comelli EM, Arendt BM, Zhang L, Fung S, Fischer SE, McGilvray IG and Allard JP: Bile acids and dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One. 11:e01518292016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Wang X, Xie G, Zhao A, Zheng X, Huang F, Wang Y, Yao C, Jia W and Liu P: Serum bile acids are associated with pathological progression of hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis. J Proteome Res. 15:1126–1134. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Chen T, Xie G, Wang X, Fan J, Qiu Y, Zheng X, Qi X, Cao Y, Su M, Wang X, et al: Serum and urine metabolite profiling reveals potential biomarkers of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics. 10:M110.0049452011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Singal AK and Kamath PS: Model for end-stage liver disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3:50–60. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kamath PS and Kim WR; Advanced Liver Disease Study Group, : The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). Hepatology. 45:797–805. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, Harper A, Kim R, Kamath P, Kremers W, Lake J, Howard T, Merion RM, et al: Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology. 124:91–96. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Krautbauer S and Liebisch G: LC-MS/MS analysis of bile acids. Methods Mol Biol. 1730:103–110. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chong J, Yamamoto M and Xia J: MetaboAnalystR 2.0: From raw spectra to biological insights. Metabolites. 9(pii): E572019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Mannes GA, Thieme C, Stellaard F, Wang T, Sauerbruch T and Paumgartner G: Prognostic significance of serum bile acids in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 6:50–53. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ohkubo H, Okuda K, Iida S, Ohnishi K, Ikawa S and Makino I: Role of portal and splenic vein shunts and impaired hepatic extraction in the elevated serum bile acids in liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 86:514–520. 1984.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Gilmore IT and Thompson RP: Plasma clearance of oral and intravenous cholic acid in subjects with and without chronic liver disease. Gut. 21:123–127. 1980. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Hylemon PB, Sanyal AJ, White MB, Monteith P, Noble NA, Unser AB, Daita K, Fisher AR, et al: Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications. J Hepatol. 60:940–947. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Cassard AM and Ciocan D: Microbiota, a key player in alcoholic liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 24:100–107. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Martinot E, Sèdes L, Baptissart M, Lobaccaro JM, Caira F, Beaudoin C and Volle DH: Bile acids and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med. 56:2–9. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Massafra V and van Mil SWC: Farnesoid X receptor: A ‘homeostat’ for hepatic nutrient metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1864:45–59. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kim SG, Kim BK, Kim K and Fang S: Bile acid nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor: Therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 31:500–504. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Verbeke L, Farre R, Trebicka J, Komuta M, Roskams T, Klein S, Elst IV, Windmolders P, Vanuytsel T, Nevens F and Laleman W: Obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, improves portal hypertension by two distinct pathways in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology. 59:2286–2298. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kakiyama G, Pandak WM, Gillevet PM, Hylemon PB, Heuman DM, Daita K, Takei H, Muto A, Nittono H, Ridlon JM, et al: Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 58:949–955. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Lorenzo-Zúñiga V, Bartolí R, Planas R, Hofmann AF, Viñado B, Hagey LR, Hernández JM, Mañé J, Alvarez MA, Ausina V and Gassull MA: Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation, and endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology. 37:551–557. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Seo YS and Shah VH: The role of gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Clin Mol Hepatol. 18:337–346. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Marin JJ, Macias RI, Briz O, Banales JM and Monte MJ: Bile acids in physiology, pathology and pharmacology. Curr Drug Metab. 17:4–29. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Gadaleta RM, van Mil SW, Oldenburg B, Siersema PD, Klomp LW and Van Erpecum KJ: Bile acids and their nuclear receptor FXR: Relevance for hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1801:683–692. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Nuño-Lámbarri N, Barbero-Becerra VJ, Uribe M and Chávez-Tapia NC: Elevated cholesterol levels have a poor prognosis in a cholestasis scenario. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 31:1–6. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Gong Z, Zhou J, Zhao S, Tian C, Wang P, Xu C, Chen Y, Cai W and Wu J: Chenodeoxycholic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis. Oncotarget. 7:83951–83963. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Tripodi V, Contin M, Fernández MA and Lemberg A: Bile acids content in brain of common duct ligated rats. Ann Hepatol. 11:930–934. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Horvatits T, Drolz A, Rutter K, Roedl K, Fauler G, Müller C, Kluge S, Trauner M, Schenk P and Fuhrmann V: Serum bile acids in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Z Gastroenterol. 55:361–367. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Desai MS, Mathur B, Eblimit Z, Vasquez H, Taegtmeyer H, Karpen SJ, Penny DJ, Moore DD and Anakk S: Bile acid excess induces cardiomyopathy and metabolic dysfunctions in the heart. Hepatology. 65:189–201. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Pak JM and Lee SS: Vasoactive effects of bile salts in cirrhotic rats: In vivo and in vitro studies. Hepatology. 18:1175–1181. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Desai MS and Penny DJ: Bile acids induce arrhythmias: Old metabolite, new tricks. Heart. 99:1629–1630. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Cherqui D, Laurent A, Tayar C, Chang S, Van Nhieu JT, Loriau J, Karoui M, Duvoux C, Dhumeaux D and Fagniez PL: Laparoscopic liver resection for peripheral hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: Midterm results and perspectives. Ann Surg. 243:499–506. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Fan M, Wang X, Xu G, Yan Q and Huang W: Bile acid signaling and liver regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1849:196–200. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Altamirano-Barrera A, Uribe M, Lammert F and Méndez-Sánchez N: Bile acids and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cholangitis. Ann Hepatol. 15:453–454. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Xie G, Wang X, Huang F, Zhao A, Chen W, Yan J, Zhang Y, Lei S, Ge K, Zheng X, et al: Dysregulated hepatic bile acids collaboratively promote liver carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer. 139:1764–1775. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu N, Feng J, Lv Y, Liu Q, Deng J, Xia Y, Guo C and Zhou Y: Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study. Exp Ther Med 18: 4058-4066, 2019.
APA
Liu, N., Feng, J., Lv, Y., Liu, Q., Deng, J., Xia, Y. ... Zhou, Y. (2019). Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 4058-4066. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8011
MLA
Liu, N., Feng, J., Lv, Y., Liu, Q., Deng, J., Xia, Y., Guo, C., Zhou, Y."Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.5 (2019): 4058-4066.
Chicago
Liu, N., Feng, J., Lv, Y., Liu, Q., Deng, J., Xia, Y., Guo, C., Zhou, Y."Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 5 (2019): 4058-4066. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8011
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu N, Feng J, Lv Y, Liu Q, Deng J, Xia Y, Guo C and Zhou Y: Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study. Exp Ther Med 18: 4058-4066, 2019.
APA
Liu, N., Feng, J., Lv, Y., Liu, Q., Deng, J., Xia, Y. ... Zhou, Y. (2019). Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 4058-4066. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8011
MLA
Liu, N., Feng, J., Lv, Y., Liu, Q., Deng, J., Xia, Y., Guo, C., Zhou, Y."Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.5 (2019): 4058-4066.
Chicago
Liu, N., Feng, J., Lv, Y., Liu, Q., Deng, J., Xia, Y., Guo, C., Zhou, Y."Role of bile acids in the diagnosis and progression of liver cirrhosis: A prospective observational study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 5 (2019): 4058-4066. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8011
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team