Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease

  • Authors:
    • Kazuki Ohashi
    • Toru Ishikawa
    • Asami Hoshii
    • Tamaki Hokari
    • Mitsuyuki  Suzuki
    • Hirohito Noguchi
    • Hiroshi Hirosawa
    • Fujiko Koyama
    • Miki Kobayashi
    • Shiori  Hirosawa
    • Kaede Sugiyama
    • Yuta Mitobe
    • Toshiaki Yoshida
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nursing, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Hokkaido, Sapporo 007‑0894, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950‑1104, Japan, Department of Medical Radiology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950‑1104, Japan, Department of Pharmacology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950‑1104, Japan, Department of Nursing, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950‑1104, Japan, Department of Clinical Engineering, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950‑1104, Japan, Department of Nutrition, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950‑1104, Japan, Department of Nursing, Teikyo University, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tokyo 173‑0003, Japan
    Copyright: © Ohashi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 94
    |
    Published online on: September 16, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9222
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

L‑carnitine administration was reported to improve sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. However, the amount of evidence from previous studies is not sufficient. The present study aimed to clarify the effect of levocarnitine (L‑carnitine) administration on body composition in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). In the present study, 85 patients with L‑carnitine administration and 87 control patients were enrolled and divided them into two groups, the L‑carnitine administration group (LAG, n=44) and the without L‑carnitine administration (controls, n=44) group, by using propensity score matching for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin. Δ skeletal muscle mass index (SMI)/year, Δ intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC)/year and Δ bone mineral density (BMD)/year were examined during L‑carnitine administration. Each parameter was measured by computed tomography (CT) or dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry. The median age overall was 69 years (IQR, 64.0, 75.0); 36 were men and 52 were women. The median SMI was 37.4 cm2/m2 (IQR, 34.01, 44.34). The initial CT scans showed similar median values of SMI for the two groups [37.74 (34.17, 43.58) and 37.16 (33.83, 44.34), P=0.67]. However, the median ΔSMI/year for the LAG and controls were 0.95% (‑3.07, 6.10) and ‑2.34% (‑5.34, 0.53), respectively (P=0.003). The median Δ whole body BMD/year for the LAG and controls were ‑0.24% (‑1.20, 0.91) and ‑1.04% (‑2.16, 0.47), respectively (P=0.038). The median ΔIMAC/year and Δ lumbar spine BMD were not significantly different between the LAG and controls. L‑carnitine administration may prevent the loss of skeletal muscle mass and BMD; therefore, it may be used as a new treatment option for osteoporosis and sarcopenia in patients with CLD.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, Zúñiga C, Arai H, Boirie Y, Chen LK, Fielding RA, Martin FC, Michel JP, et al: Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: A systematic review Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age Ageing. 43:748–759. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, Chou MY, Chou LY, Hsu PS, Krairit O, et al: Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus report of the Asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 15:95–101. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, Martin FC, Michel JP, Rolland Y, Schneider SM, et al: Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European working group on Sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing. 39:412–423. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Nishikawa H, Shiraki M, Hiramatsu A, Moriya K, Hino K and Nishiguchi S: Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines for sarcopenia in liver disease (1st edition): Recommendation from the working group for creation of sarcopenia assessment criteria. Hepatol Res. 46:951–963. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Ohashi K, Ishikawa T, Hoshi A, Suzuki M, Mitobe Y, Yamada E, Abeywickrama HM, Seki N, Koyama C, Aoki H and Koyama Y: Relationship between sarcopenia and both physical activity and lifestyle in patients with chronic liver disease. J Clin Med Res. 10:920–927. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Hanai T, Shiraki M, Nishimura K, Ohnishi S, Imai K, Suetsugu A, Takai K, Shimizu M and Moriwaki H: Sarcopenia impairs prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis. Nutrition. 31:193–199. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Iritani S, Imai K, Takai K, Hanai T, Ideta T, Miyazaki T, Suetsugu A, Shiraki M and Moriwaki H: Skeletal muscle depletion is an independent prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 50:323–332. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Kim G, Kang SH, Kim MY and Baik SK: Prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 12(e0186990)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Hamaguchi Y, Kaido T, Okumura S, Kobayashi A, Hammad A, Tamai Y, Inagaki N and Uemoto S: Proposal for new diagnostic criteria for low skeletal muscle mass based on computed tomography imaging in Asian adults. Nutrition. 32:1200–1205. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Kaido T, Ogawa K, Fujimoto Y, Ogura Y, Hata K, Ito T, Tomiyama K, Yagi S, Mori A and Uemoto S: Impact of sarcopenia on survival in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 13:1549–1556. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Fujiwara N, Nakagawa H, Kudo Y, Tateishi R, Taguri M, Watadani T, Nakagomi R, Kondo M, Nakatsuka T, Minami T, et al: Sarcopenia, intramuscular fat deposition, and visceral adiposity independently predict the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 63:131–140. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ohashi K, Ishikawa T, Imai M, Suzuki M, Hoshii A, Abe H, Koyama F, Nakano T, Ueki A, Noguchi H, et al: Relationship between pre-sarcopenia and quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 31:1408–1413. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Moriwaki H, Miwa Y, Tajika M, Kato M, Fukushima H and Shiraki M: Branched-chain amino acids as a protein- and energy-source in liver cirrhosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 313:405–409. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Ohara M, Ogawa K, Suda G, Kimura M, Maehara O, Shimazaki T, Suzuki K, Nakamura A, Umemura M, Izumi T, et al: L-carnitine suppresses loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun. 2:906–918. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Pekala J, Patkowska-Sokoła B, Bodkowski R, Jamroz D, Nowakowski P, Lochyński S and Librowski T: L-carnitine-metabolic functions and meaning in humans life. Curr Drug Metab. 12:667–678. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Kendler BS: Carnitine: An overview of its role in preventive medicine. Prev Med (Baltim). 15:373–390. 1986.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Nakanishi H, Kurosaki M, Tsuchiya K, Nakakuki N, Takada H, Matsuda S, Gondo K, Asano Y, Hattori N, Tamaki N, et al: L-carnitine reduces muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 13:1540–1543. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Shiraki M, Shimizu M, Moriwaki H, Okita K and Koike K: Carnitine dynamics and their effects on hyperammonemia in cirrhotic Japanese patients. Hepatol Res. 47:321–327. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Hiramatsu A, Aikata H, Uchikawa S, Ohya K, Kodama K, Nishida Y, Daijo K, Osawa M, Teraoka Y, Honda F, et al: Levocarnitine use is associated with improvement in sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun. 3:348–355. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma differ between Japan, United States, and Europe. Liver Cancer 4: 85-95, 2015.

21 

Hamaguchi Y, Kaido T, Okumura S, Fujimoto Y, Ogawa K, Mori A, Hammad A, Tamai Y, Inagaki N and Uemoto S: Impact of quality as well as quantity of skeletal muscle on outcomes after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 20:1413–1419. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Johnson PJ, Berhane S, Kagebayashi C, Satomura S, Teng M, Reeves HL, O'Beirne J, Fox R, Skowronska A, Palmer D, et al: Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A new evidence-based approach-the ALBI grade. J Clin Oncol. 33:550–558. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Hiraoka A, Kumada T, Kudo M, Hirooka M, Tsuji K, Itobayashi E, Kariyama K, Ishikawa T, Tajiri K, Ochi H, et al: Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) grade as part of the evidence-based clinical practice guideline for HCC of the Japan Society of Hepatology: A comparison with the liver damage and child-pugh classifications. Liver Cancer. 6:204–215. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, Verkarre V, Nalpas A, Dhalluin-Venier V, Fontaine H and Pol S: FIB-4: An inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. Comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology. 46:32–36. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Sumida Y, Yoneda M, Hyogo H, Itoh Y, Ono M, Fujii H, Eguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Aoki N, Kaneyama K, et al: Validation of the FIB4 index in a Japanese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease population. BMC Gastroenterol. 12(2)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Sterling RK, Lissen E, Clumeck N, Sola R, Correa MC, Montaner J, Sulkowski MS, Torriani FJ, Dieterich DT, Thomas DL, et al: Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatology. 43:1317–1325. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Yoh K, Iwata Y, Sakai Y, Kishino K, Ikeda N, Takashima T, Aizawa N, Takata R, et al: Association between sarcopenia and depression in patients with chronic liver diseases. J Clin Med. 8(634)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Kanda Y: Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR’ for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 48:452–458. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Hanai T, Shiraki M, Ohnishi S, Miyazaki T, Ideta T, Kochi T, Imai K, Suetsugu A, Takai K, Moriwaki H and Shimizu M: Rapid skeletal muscle wasting predicts worse survival in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res. 46:743–751. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Flanagan JL, Simmons PA, Vehige J, Willcox MD and Garrett Q: Role of carnitine in disease. Nutr Metab (Lond). 7(30)2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Sakai Y, Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Yoh K, Iwata Y, Hasegawa K, Nakano C, Kishino K, Shimono Y, Takata R, et al: Effect of L-carnitine in patients with liver cirrhosis on energy metabolism using indirect calorimetry: A pilot study. J Clin Med Res. 8:863–869. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Malaguarnera M, Pistone G, Elvira R, Leotta C, Scarpello L and Liborio R: Effects of L-carnitine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. World J Gastroenterol. 11:7197–7202. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Qiu J, Thapaliya S, Runkana A, Yang Y, Tsien C, Mohan ML, Narayanan A, Eghtesad B, Mozdzak PE, McDobald C, et al: Hyperammonemia in cirrhosis induces transcriptional regulation of myostatin by an NF-κB-mediated mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:18162–18167. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Sawicka AK, Hartmane D, Lipinska P, Wojtowicz E, Lysiak-Szydlowska W and Olek RA: L-carnitine supplementation in older women. A pilot study on aging skeletal muscle mass and function. Nutrients. 10(255)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Bhanji RA, Moctezuma-Velazquez C, Duarte-Rojo A, Ebadi M, Ghosh S, Rose C and Montano-Loza AJ: Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Int. 12:377–386. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Hamaguchi Y, Kaido T, Okumura S, Kobayashi A, Shirai H, Yao S, Yagi S, Kamo N, Okajima H and Uemoto S: Proposal for new selection criteria considering pre-transplant muscularity and visceral adiposity in living donor liver transplantation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 9:246–254. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Patel N and Muñoz SJ: Bone disease in cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 6:96–99. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Tilg H, Moschen AR, Kaser A, Pines A and Dotan I: Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: Basic and clinical concepts. Gut. 57:684–694. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Shakeri A, Tabibi H and Hedayati M: Effects of L-carnitine supplement on serum inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein (a), and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients with Lp (a) hyperlipoproteinemia. Hemodial Int. 14:498–504. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ohashi K, Ishikawa T, Hoshii A, Hokari T, Suzuki M, Noguchi H, Hirosawa H, Koyama F, Kobayashi M, Hirosawa S, Hirosawa S, et al: Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease. Exp Ther Med 20: 94, 2020.
APA
Ohashi, K., Ishikawa, T., Hoshii, A., Hokari, T., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H. ... Yoshida, T. (2020). Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 94. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9222
MLA
Ohashi, K., Ishikawa, T., Hoshii, A., Hokari, T., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H., Hirosawa, H., Koyama, F., Kobayashi, M., Hirosawa, S., Sugiyama, K., Mitobe, Y., Yoshida, T."Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.5 (2020): 94.
Chicago
Ohashi, K., Ishikawa, T., Hoshii, A., Hokari, T., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H., Hirosawa, H., Koyama, F., Kobayashi, M., Hirosawa, S., Sugiyama, K., Mitobe, Y., Yoshida, T."Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 5 (2020): 94. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9222
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ohashi K, Ishikawa T, Hoshii A, Hokari T, Suzuki M, Noguchi H, Hirosawa H, Koyama F, Kobayashi M, Hirosawa S, Hirosawa S, et al: Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease. Exp Ther Med 20: 94, 2020.
APA
Ohashi, K., Ishikawa, T., Hoshii, A., Hokari, T., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H. ... Yoshida, T. (2020). Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 94. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9222
MLA
Ohashi, K., Ishikawa, T., Hoshii, A., Hokari, T., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H., Hirosawa, H., Koyama, F., Kobayashi, M., Hirosawa, S., Sugiyama, K., Mitobe, Y., Yoshida, T."Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.5 (2020): 94.
Chicago
Ohashi, K., Ishikawa, T., Hoshii, A., Hokari, T., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H., Hirosawa, H., Koyama, F., Kobayashi, M., Hirosawa, S., Sugiyama, K., Mitobe, Y., Yoshida, T."Effect of levocarnitine administration in patients with chronic liver disease". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 5 (2020): 94. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9222
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team