Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
June-2021 Volume 21 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2021 Volume 21 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury

  • Authors:
    • Nobuhiro Moro
    • Sima S. Ghavim
    • Richard L. Sutton
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, LA 90095‑6901, USA
    Copyright: © Moro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 575
    |
    Published online on: March 31, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10007
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the current study was to determine effects of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), with or without blockade of purinergic ATP Y1 (P2Y1) receptors or store‑operated calcium channels, on extracellular levels of ATP, glutamate, glucose and lactate. Concentrations of ATP, glutamate, glucose and lactate were measured in cerebral microdialysis samples obtained from the ipsilateral cortex and underlying hippocampus of rats with mild unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury. Immediately after CCI, a large release of ATP was observed in the cortex (3.53‑fold increase of pre‑injury value) and hippocampus (2.97‑fold increase of pre‑injury value), with ATP returning to the baseline levels within 20 min post‑injury and remaining stable for during the 3‑h sampling period. In agreement with the results of previous studies, there was a significant increase in glutamate 20 min after CCI, which was concomitant with a decrease in extracellular glucose (20 min) and an increase in lactate (40‑60 min) in both brain regions after CCI. Addition of a selective P2Y1 receptor blocker (MRS2179 ammonium salt hydrate) to the microdialysis perfusate significantly lowered pre‑injury ATP and glutamate levels, and eliminated the post‑CCI peaks. Addition of a blocker of store‑operated calcium channels [2‑aminoethoxy diphenylborinate (2‑APB)] to the microdialysis perfusate significantly lowered pre‑injury ATP in the hippocampus, and attenuated the post‑CCI peak in both the cortex and hippocampus. 2‑APB treatment significantly increased baseline glutamate levels, but the values post‑injury did not differ from those in the sham group. Pre‑injury glucose levels, but not lactate levels, were increased by MRS2179 and decreased by 2‑APB. However, none of these treatments substantially altered the CCI‑induced reduction in glucose and increase in lactate in the cortex. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that a short although extensive release of ATP immediately after experimental TBI can be significantly attenuated by blockade of P2Y1 receptors or store‑operated calcium channels.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Bazargani N and Attwell D: Amines, astrocytes, and arousal. Neuron. 94:228–231. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Harada K, Kamiya T and Tsuboi T: Gliotransmitter release from astrocytes: Functional, developmental, and pathological implications in the brain. Front Neurosci. 9(499)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

De Pittà M, Brunel N and Volterra A: Astrocytes: Orchestrating synaptic plasticity? Neuroscience. 323:43–61. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Lalo U, Bogdanov A and Pankratov Y: Age- and experience-related plasticity of ATP-mediated signaling in the neocortex. Front Cell Neurosci. 13(242)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Schwarz Y, Zhao N, Kirchhoff F and Bruns D: Astrocytes control synaptic strength by two distinct v-SNARE-dependent release pathways. Nat Neurosci. 20:1529–1539. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Alberini CM, Cruz E, Descalzi G, Bessieres B and Gao V: Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms. Glia. 66:1244–1262. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Henneberger C, Papouin T, Oliet SH and Rusakov DA: Long-term potentiation depends on release of D-serine from astrocytes. Nature. 463:232–236. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Cai C, Zambach SA, Fordsmann JC, Lonstrup M, Thomsen KJ, Jensen AGK and Lauritzen M: In vivo three-dimensional two-photon microscopy to study conducted vascular responses by local ATP ejection using a glass micro-pipette. J Vis Exp. 148:2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Haydon PG and Carmignoto G: Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. Physiol Rev. 86:1009–1031. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Takano T, Tian GF, Peng W, Lou N, Libionka W, Han X and Nedergaard M: Astrocyte-mediated control of cerebral blood flow. Nat Neurosci. 9:260–267. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Corps KN, Roth TL and McGavern DB: Inflammation and neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury. JAMA Neurol. 72:355–362. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S, Littman DR, Dustin ML and Gan WB: ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nat Neurosci. 8:752–758. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Jassam YN, Izzy S, Whalen M, McGavern DB and El Khoury J: Neuroimmunology of traumatic brain injury: Time for a paradigm shift. Neuron. 95:1246–1265. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Karve IP, Taylor JM and Crack PJ: The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol. 173:692–702. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Koizumi S, Shigemoto-Mogami Y, Nasu-Tada K, Shinozaki Y, Ohsawa K, Tsuda M, Joshi BV, Jacobson KA, Kohsaka S and Inoue K: UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis. Nature. 446:1091–1095. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Haynes SE, Hollopeter G, Yang G, Kurpius D, Dailey ME, Gan WB and Julius D: The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides. Nat Neurosci. 9:1512–1519. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Winkler U, Seim P, Enzbrenner Y, Köhler S, Sicker M and Hirrlinger J: Activity-dependent modulation of intracellular ATP in cultured cortical astrocytes. J Neurosci Res. 95:2172–2181. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Melani A, Turchi D, Vannucchi MG, Cipriani S, Gianfriddo M and Pedata F: ATP extracellular concentrations are increased in the rat striatum during in vivo ischemia. Neurochem Int. 47:442–448. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Wang X, Arcuino G, Takano T, Lin J, Peng WG, Wan P, Li P, Xu Q, Liu QS, Goldman SA and Nedergaard M: P2X7 receptor inhibition improves recovery after spinal cord injury. Nat Med. 10:821–827. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Hinzman JM, Wilson JA, Mazzeo AT, Bullock MR and Hartings JA: Excitotoxicity and metabolic crisis are associated with spreading depolarizations in severe traumatic brain injury patients. J Neurotrauma. 33:1775–1783. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Moro N, Ghavim SS, Harris NG, Hovda DA and Sutton RL: Pyruvate treatment attenuates cerebral metabolic depression and neuronal loss after experimental traumatic brain injury. Brain Res. 1642:270–277. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Shijo K, Sutton RL, Ghavim SS, Harris NG and Bartnik-Olson BL: Metabolic fate of glucose in rats with traumatic brain injury and pyruvate or glucose treatments: A NMR spectroscopy study. Neurochem Int. 102:66–78. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Taylor AN, Tio DL, Paydar A and Sutton RL: Sex differences in thermal, stress, and inflammatory responses to minocycline administration in rats with traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 35:630–638. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Kawamura M, Gachet C, Inoue K and Kato F: Direct excitation of inhibitory interneurons by extracellular ATP mediated by P2Y1 receptors in the hippocampal slice. J Neurosci. 24:10835–10845. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Bowser DN and Khakh BS: Vesicular ATP is the predominant cause of intercellular calcium waves in astrocytes. J Gen Physiol. 129:485–491. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Heinke B and Sandkuhler J: Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-induced Ca(2+)-gradients in rat superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons. Neuropharmacology. 52:1015–1023. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Singaravelu K, Lohr C and Deitmer JW: Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in rat cerebellar astrocytes. J Neurosci. 26:9579–9592. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Fields RD: Nonsynaptic and nonvesicular ATP release from neurons and relevance to neuron-glia signaling. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 22:214–219. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Illes P, Burnstock G and Tang Y: Astroglia-derived ATP modulates CNS neuronal circuits. Trends Neurosci. 42:885–898. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Loiola EC and Ventura AL: Release of ATP from avian Müller glia cells in culture. Neurochem Int. 58:414–422. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Muller MS and Taylor CW: ATP evokes Ca2+ signals in cultured foetal human cortical astrocytes entirely through G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. J Neurochem. 142:876–885. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Molnar T, Dobolyi A, Nyitrai G, Barabas P, Heja L, Emri Z, Palkovits M and Kardos J: Calcium signals in the nucleus accumbens: Activation of astrocytes by ATP and succinate. BMC Neurosci. 12(96)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Svobodova I, Bhattaracharya A, Ivetic M, Bendova Z and Zemkova H: Circadian ATP release in organotypic cultures of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus is dependent on P2X7 and P2Y receptors. Front Pharmacol. 9(192)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Guo H, Liu ZQ, Zhou H, Wang ZL, Tao YH and Tong Y: P2Y1 receptor antagonists mitigate oxygen and glucose deprivationinduced astrocyte injury. Mol Med Rep. 17:1819–1824. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Koss DJ, Riedel G and Platt B: Intracellular Ca2+ stores modulate SOCCs and NMDA receptors via tyrosine kinases in rat hippocampal neurons. Cell Calcium. 46:39–48. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Papanikolaou M, Lewis A and Butt AM: Store-operated calcium entry is essential for glial calcium signalling in CNS white matter. Brain Struct Funct. 222:2993–3005. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Koizumi S, Fujishita K, Tsuda M, Shigemoto-Mogami Y and Inoue K: Dynamic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by astrocyte-derived ATP in hippocampal cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:11023–11028. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Diniz C, Rodrigues M, Casarotto PC, Pereira VS, Crestani CC and Joca SRL: Monoamine involvement in the antidepressant-like effect induced by P2 blockade. Brain Res. 1676:19–27. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Asadollahi M and Simani L: The diagnostic value of serum UCHL-1 and S100-B levels in differentiate epileptic seizures from psychogenic attacks. Brain Res. 1704:11–15. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Lerchundi R, Huang N and Rose CR: Quantitative imaging of changes in astrocytic and neuronal adenosine triphosphate using two different variants of ATeam. Front Cell Neurosci. 14(80)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Burda JE, Bernstein AM and Sofroniew MV: Astrocyte roles in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 275:305–315. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Wellmann M, Alvarez-Ferradas C, Maturana CJ, Saez JC and Bonansco C: Astroglial Ca2+-dependent hyperexcitability requires P2Y1 purinergic receptors and pannexin-1 channel activation in a chronic model of epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci. 12(446)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Sakuragi S, Niwa F, Oda Y, Mikoshiba K and Bannai H: Astroglial Ca2+ signaling is generated by the coordination of IP3R and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 486:879–885. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Li JH, Zhao ST, Wu CY, Cao X, Peng MR, Li SJ, Liu XA and Gao TM: Store-operated Ca2+ channels blockers inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced astrocyte activation. Neurochem Res. 38:2216–2226. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Charles AC, Dirksen ER, Merrill JE and Sanderson MJ: Mechanisms of intercellular calcium signaling in glial cells studied with dantrolene and thapsigargin. Glia. 7:134–145. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Obrenovitch TP and Urenjak J: Is high extracellular glutamate the key to excitotoxicity in traumatic brain injury? J Neurotrauma. 14:677–698. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Jourdain P, Bergersen LH, Bhaukaurally K, Bezzi P, Santello M, Domercq M, Matute C, Tonello F, Gundersen V and Volterra A: Glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes controls synaptic strength. Nat Neurosci. 10:331–339. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Parri R and Crunelli V: Astrocytes target presynaptic NMDA receptors to give synapses a boost. Nat Neurosci. 10:271–273. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Rose CR, Felix L, Zeug A, Dietrich D, Reiner A and Henneberger C: Astroglial glutamate signaling and uptake in the hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci. 10(451)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Dorsett CR, McGuire JL, DePasquale EA, Gardner AE, Floyd CL and McCullumsmith RE: Glutamate neurotransmission in rodent models of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 34:263–272. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Gonzalez-Sanchez P, Del Arco A, Esteban JA and Satrustegui J: Store-operated calcium entry is required for mGluR-dependent long term depression in cortical neurons. Front Cell Neurosci. 11(363)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Carpenter KL, Jalloh I and Hutchinson PJ: Glycolysis and the significance of lactate in traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci. 8(112)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Zeiler FA, Thelin EP, Helmy A, Czosnyka M, Hutchinson PJA and Menon DK: A systematic review of cerebral microdialysis and outcomes in TBI: Relationships to patient functional outcome, neurophysiologic measures, and tissue outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 159:2245–2273. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Jones DA, Ros J, Landolt H, Fillenz M and Boutelle MG: Dynamic changes in glucose and lactate in the cortex of the freely moving rat monitored using microdialysis. J Neurochem. 75:1703–1708. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Clausen F, Hillered L and Gustafsson J: Cerebral glucose metabolism after traumatic brain injury in the rat studied by 13C-glucose and microdialysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 153:653–658. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Prebil M, Chowdhury HH, Zorec R and Kreft M: Changes in cytosolic glucose level in ATP stimulated live astrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 405:308–313. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Tanaka M, Kawahara K, Kosugi T, Yamada T and Mioka T: Changes in the spontaneous calcium oscillations for the development of the preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance in neuron/astrocyte co-culture. Neurochem Res. 32:988–1001. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Xu Z, Xu W, Song Y, Zhang B, Li F and Liu Y: Blockade of store-operated calcium entry alleviates high glucose-induced neurotoxicity via inhibiting apoptosis in rat neurons. Chem Biol Interact. 254:63–72. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Olianas MC, Dedoni S and Onali P: Involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) entry in activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and stimulation of glucose uptake by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in human neuroblastoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1843:3004–3017. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Moro N, Ghavim SS and Sutton RL: Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury. Exp Ther Med 21: 575, 2021.
APA
Moro, N., Ghavim, S.S., & Sutton, R.L. (2021). Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 575. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10007
MLA
Moro, N., Ghavim, S. S., Sutton, R. L."Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.6 (2021): 575.
Chicago
Moro, N., Ghavim, S. S., Sutton, R. L."Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 6 (2021): 575. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10007
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Moro N, Ghavim SS and Sutton RL: Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury. Exp Ther Med 21: 575, 2021.
APA
Moro, N., Ghavim, S.S., & Sutton, R.L. (2021). Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 575. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10007
MLA
Moro, N., Ghavim, S. S., Sutton, R. L."Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.6 (2021): 575.
Chicago
Moro, N., Ghavim, S. S., Sutton, R. L."Massive efflux of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular space immediately after experimental traumatic brain injury". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 6 (2021): 575. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10007
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team