Crosstalk between vitamin D axis, inflammation and host immunity mechanisms: A prospective study

Meca,Andreea-Daniela; Ștefănescu,Simona; Bogdan,Maria; Turcu‑Stiolică,Adina; Nițu,Floarea Mimi; Matei,Marius; Cioboată,Ramona; Bugă,Ana Maria; Pisoschi,Cătălina-Gabriela

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10040

Crosstalk between vitamin D axis, inflammation and host immunity mechanisms: A prospective study

Authors:
- Andreea-Daniela Meca
- Simona Ștefănescu
- Maria Bogdan
- Adina Turcu‑Stiolică
- Floarea Mimi Nițu
- Marius Matei
- Ramona Cioboată
- Ana Maria Bugă
- Cătălina-Gabriela Pisoschi
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Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania, Department of Pharmacoeconomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Published online on: April 14, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10040
Article Number: 608
Copyright: © Meca et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health burden, after many years at attempts for its eradication. Vitamin D (VD) status has been suggested to be related to TB susceptibility because it has the ability to regulate multiple axes of the innate and adaptive host immune response. VD mediates cathelicidin (LL‑37) synthesis, a cationic bactericidal peptide, through the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR). Host innate defense mechanisms include autophagy and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between VD status, inflammation and host defense mechanisms before and after two months of first‑line anti‑TB pharmacotherapy. The study included newly diagnosed individuals with pulmonary TB without co‑morbidities (HIV infection, diabetes, cancer) and without VD supplementation or other therapies interfering with VD serum levels. We measured serum levels of 25‑hydroxyvitamin D (25‑(OH)‑D), the major circulating form of vitamin D, VDR, LL‑37, beclin‑1 (an autophagy marker) and M30 (an apoptosis biomarker) before and after two months of anti‑TB treatment. Individuals presented lower levels of 25‑(OH)‑D before receiving first‑line anti‑TB treatment (T0) in comparison with its plasmatic levels after two‑months of therapy (T2). At T2, patients were divided in two subgroups according the results of sputum‑culture conversion. After two‑months of therapy, decreased values of LL‑37, beclin‑1 and M30 were observed in the culture‑negative patients compared to the culture‑positive patients. Control of anti‑TB treatment outcome could be improved by appraisal of VD status and host defense mechanisms such as autophagy and apoptosis.

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