Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
June-2021 Volume 21 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2021 Volume 21 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest

  • Authors:
    • Yoonsoo Park
    • Ji Hyeon Ahn
    • Jeong Hwi Cho
    • Hyun-Jin Tae
    • Tae-Kyeong Lee
    • Bora Kim
    • Jae-Chul Lee
    • Joon Ha Park
    • Myoung Cheol Shin
    • Taek Geun Ohk
    • Jun Hwi Cho
    • Moo-Ho Won
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50510, Republic of Korea, Bio‑Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54596, Republic of Korea, Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea, Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 626
    |
    Published online on: April 15, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10058
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Hypothermic treatment is known to protect against cardiac arrest (CA) and improve survival rate. However, few studies have evaluated the CA‑induced liver damage and the effects of hypothermia on this damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine possible protective effects of hypothermia on the liver after asphyxial CA. Rats were subjected to a 5‑min asphyxial CA followed by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The body temperature was controlled at 37±0.5˚C (normothermia group) or 33±0.5˚C (hypothermia group) for 4 h after ROSC. Livers were examined at 6, 12 h, 1 and 2 days after ROSC. Histopathological examination was performed by H&E staining. Alterations in the expression levels of pro‑inflammatory (TNF‑α and interleukin IL‑2) and anti‑inflammatory cytokines (IL‑4 and IL‑13) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Sinusoidal dilatation and vacuolization were observed after asphyxial CA by histopathological examination. However, these CA‑induced structural alterations were prevented by hypothermia. In immunohistochemical examination, the expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines were reduced in the hypothermia group compared with those in the normothermia group while the expression levels of anti‑inflammatory cytokines were increased in the hypothermia group compared with those in the normothermia group. In conclusion, hypothermic treatment for 4 h following asphyxial CA in rats inhibited the increase of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and stimulated the expression of anti‑inflammatory cytokines compared with the normothermic group. The results of the present study suggested that hypothermic treatment after asphyxial CA reduced liver damage via the regulation of inflammation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Kato A, Okaya T and Lentsch AB: Endogenous IL-13 protects hepatocytes and vascular endothelial cells during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Hepatology. 37:304–312. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Shuh M, Bohorquez H, Loss GE Jr and Cohen AJ: Tumor necrosis factor-α: Life and death of hepatocytes during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ochsner J. 13:119–130. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Carr BG, Kahn JM, Merchant RM, Kramer AA and Neumar RW: Inter-hospital variability in post-cardiac arrest mortality. Resuscitation. 80:30–34. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Kida K, Shirozu K, Yu B, Mandeville JB, Bloch KD and Ichinose F: Beneficial effects of nitric oxide on outcomes after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hypothermia-treated mice. Anesthesiology. 120:880–889. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Miao YF, Wu H, Yang SF, Dai J, Qiu YM, Tao ZY and Zhang XH: 5'-adenosine monophosphate-induced hypothermia attenuates brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model by inhibiting the inflammatory response. Mediators Inflamm. 2015(520745)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Niemann CU, Feiner J, Swain S, Bunting S, Friedman M, Crutchfield M, Broglio K, Hirose R, Roberts JP and Malinoski D: Therapeutic hypothermia in deceased organ donors and kidney-graft function. N Engl J Med. 373:405–414. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Niemann CU, Xu F, Choi S, Behrends M, Park Y, Hirose R and Maher JJ: Short passive cooling protects rats during hepatectomy by inducing heat shock proteins and limiting the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Surg Res. 158:43–52. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Abu-Amara M, Yang SY, Tapuria N, Fuller B, Davidson B and Seifalian A: Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: Processes in inflammatory networks-a review. Liver Transpl. 16:1016–1032. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Eltzschig HK and Eckle T: Ischemia and reperfusion-from mechanism to translation. Nat Med. 17:1391–1401. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Lentsch AB, Kato A, Yoshidome H, McMasters KM and Edwards MJ: Inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Hepatology. 32:169–173. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Jaeschke H, Bautista AP, Spolarics Z and Spitzer JJ: Superoxide generation by Kupffer cells and priming of neutrophils during reperfusion after hepatic ischemia. Free Radic Res Commun. 15:277–284. 1991.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Jaeschke H, Farhood A and Smith C: Neutrophils contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver in vivo. FASEB J. 4:3355–3359. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Black PR, van Devanter S and Cohn LH: Effects of hypothermia on systemic and organ system metabolism and function. J Surg Res. 20:49–63. 1976.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Xiao Q, Ye Q, Wang W, Xiao J, Fu B, Xia Z, Zhang X, Liu Z and Zeng X: Mild hypothermia pretreatment protects against liver ischemia reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. Mol Med Rep. 16:7520–7526. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Abdo EE, Figueira ER, Rocha-Filho JA, Chaib E, D'Albuquerque LA and Bacchella T: Preliminary results of topical hepatic hypothermia in a model of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Arq Gastroenterol. 54:246–249. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Behrends M, Hirose R, Serkova NJ, Coatney JL, Bedolli M, Yardi J, Park YH and Niemann CU: Mild hypothermia reduces the inflammatory response and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Liver Int. 26:734–741. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Eum HA, Cha YN and Lee SM: Necrosis and apoptosis: Sequence of liver damage following reperfusion after 60 min ischemia in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 358:500–505. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Lee JC, Tae HJ, Cho JH, Kim IS, Lee TK, Park CW, Park YE, Ahn JH, Park JH, Yan BC, et al: Therapeutic hypothermia attenuates paraplegia and neuronal damage in the lumbar spinal cord in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. J Therm Biol. 83:1–7. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Ahn JH, Lee TK, Kim B, Lee JC, Tae HJ, Cho JH, Park Y, Shin MC, Ohk TG, Park CW, et al: Therapeutic hypothermia improves hind limb motor outcome and attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal damage in the lumbar spinal cord following cardiac arrest. Antioxidants (Basel). 9(38)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Kim YS, Cho JH, Shin MC, Park Y, Park CW, Tae HJ, Cho JH, Kim IS, Lee TK, Park YE, et al: Effects of regional body temperature variation during asphyxial cardiac arrest on mortality and brain damage in a rat model. J Therm Biol. 87(102466)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Cho JH, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Song M, Kim H, Lee TK, Kim YM, Ryoo S, Kim DW, Lee CH, et al: Melatonin alleviates asphyxial cardiac arrest-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell death by attenuation of oxidative stress. Exp Neurol. 320(112983)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

National Research Council (US): Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2010.

23 

Leary S, Underwood W, Anthony R, Corey D, Grandin T, Greenacre C, Gwaltney-Brant S, McCrackin MA, Meyer R, Miller D, et al: AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2013 edition. Journal, pp1-102, 2013.

24 

Han F, Boller M, Guo W, Merchant RM, Lampe JW, Smith TM and Becker LB: A rodent model of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation with different temperatures after asphyxial cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 81:93–99. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Drabek T, Foley LM, Janata A, Stezoski J, Hitchens TK, Manole MD and Kochanek PM: Global and regional differences in cerebral blood flow after asphyxial versus ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest in rats using ASL-MRI. Resuscitation. 85:964–971. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Hu T, Wang J, Wang S, Li J, Chen B, Zuo F, Zhang L, Huang Y and Li Y: Effects of the duration of postresuscitation hyperoxic ventilation on neurological outcome and survival in an asphyxial cardiac arrest rat model. Sci Rep. 9(16500)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Jia X, Koenig MA, Shin HC, Zhen G, Pardo CA, Hanley DF, Thakor NV and Geocadin RG: Improving neurological outcomes post-cardiac arrest in a rat model: Immediate hypothermia and quantitative EEG monitoring. Resuscitation. 76:431–442. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Lee CH, Park JH, Cho JH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Lee JC, Chen BH, Shin BN, Tae HJ, Bae EJ, et al: Effect of oenanthe javanica extract on antioxidant enzyme in the rat liver. Chin Med J (Engl). 128:1649–1654. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Carpenter JW: Exotic Animal Formulary. 4th edition. Elsevier Health Sciences, p744, 2012.

30 

Park JH, Park O, Cho JH, Chen BH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Lee JC, Yan BC, Yoo KY, Lee CH, et al: Anti-inflammatory effect of tanshinone I in neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in the gerbil hippocampus. Neurochem Res. 39:1300–1312. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Nakagawa K, Miller FN, Sims DE, Lentsch AB, Miyazaki M and Edwards MJ: Mechanisms of interleukin-2-induced hepatic toxicity. Cancer Res. 56:507–510. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Strieter RM, Remick DG, Lynch JP III, Spengler RN and Kunkel SL: Interleukin-2-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression in human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. Am Rev Respir Dis. 139:335–342. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Li J, Ke W, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Luo H, Zhou H, Yang B, Guo Y, Zheng Q and Zhang Y: Tumour necrosis factor-α promotes liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury through the PGC-1α/Mfn2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 18:1863–1873. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Colletti LM, Remick DG, Burtch GD, Kunkel SL, Strieter RM and Campbell DA Jr: Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathophysiologic alterations after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat. J Clin Invest. 85:1936–1943. 1990.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Yang YL, Li JP, Xu XP, Dou KF, Yue SQ and Li KZ: Protective effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody and ulinastatin on liver ischemic reperfusion in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 10:3161–3164. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Kato A, Yoshidome H, Edwards MJ and Lentsch AB: Reduced hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by IL-4: Potential anti-inflammatory role of STAT6. Inflamm Res. 49:275–279. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Cannistrà M, Ruggiero M, Zullo A, Gallelli G, Serafini S, Maria M, Naso A, Grande R, Serra R and Nardo B: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: A systematic review of literature and the role of current drugs and biomarkers. Int J Surg. 33 (Suppl 1):S57–S70. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Girotra S, Chan PS and Bradley SM: Post-resuscitation care following out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart. 101:1943–1949. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Park Y, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae H, Lee T, Kim B, Lee J, Park JH, Shin MC, Ohk TG, Ohk TG, et al: Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest. Exp Ther Med 21: 626, 2021.
APA
Park, Y., Ahn, J.H., Cho, J.H., Tae, H., Lee, T., Kim, B. ... Won, M. (2021). Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 626. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10058
MLA
Park, Y., Ahn, J. H., Cho, J. H., Tae, H., Lee, T., Kim, B., Lee, J., Park, J. H., Shin, M. C., Ohk, T. G., Cho, J. H., Won, M."Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.6 (2021): 626.
Chicago
Park, Y., Ahn, J. H., Cho, J. H., Tae, H., Lee, T., Kim, B., Lee, J., Park, J. H., Shin, M. C., Ohk, T. G., Cho, J. H., Won, M."Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 6 (2021): 626. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10058
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Park Y, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae H, Lee T, Kim B, Lee J, Park JH, Shin MC, Ohk TG, Ohk TG, et al: Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest. Exp Ther Med 21: 626, 2021.
APA
Park, Y., Ahn, J.H., Cho, J.H., Tae, H., Lee, T., Kim, B. ... Won, M. (2021). Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 626. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10058
MLA
Park, Y., Ahn, J. H., Cho, J. H., Tae, H., Lee, T., Kim, B., Lee, J., Park, J. H., Shin, M. C., Ohk, T. G., Cho, J. H., Won, M."Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.6 (2021): 626.
Chicago
Park, Y., Ahn, J. H., Cho, J. H., Tae, H., Lee, T., Kim, B., Lee, J., Park, J. H., Shin, M. C., Ohk, T. G., Cho, J. H., Won, M."Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 6 (2021): 626. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10058
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team