Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2021 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2021 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Ayumu Asai
    • Masamitsu Konno
    • Masateru Taniguchi
    • Andrea Vecchione
    • Hideshi Ishii
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567‑0047, Japan, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Santo Andrea Hospital, I‑1035‑00189 Rome, Italy
    Copyright: © Asai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 1351
    |
    Published online on: September 23, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10786
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been developed through repeated new discoveries since around 1960. The use of AI is now becoming widespread within society and our daily lives. AI is also being introduced into healthcare, such as medicine and drug development; however, it is currently biased towards specific domains. The present review traces the history of the development of various AI‑based applications in healthcare and compares AI‑based healthcare with conventional healthcare to show the future prospects for this type of care. Knowledge of the past and present development of AI‑based applications would be useful for the future utilization of novel AI approaches in healthcare.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Santos DP and Baeßler B: Big data, artificial intelligence, and structured reporting. Eur Radiol Exp. 2(42)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Akyazi T, Goti A, Oyarbide A, Alberdi E and Bayon F: A guide for the food industry to meet the future skills requirements emerging with industry 4.0. Foods. 9(492)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Favaretto M, Shaw D, De Clercq E, Joda T and Elger BS: Big data and digitalization in dentistry: A systematic review of the ethical issues. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(2495)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Etienne H, Hamdi S, Le Roux M, Camuset J, Khalife-Hocquemiller T, Giol M, Debrosse D and Assouad J: Artificial intelligence in thoracic surgery: Past, present, perspective and limits. Eur Respir Rev. 29(200010)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

McCarthy J, Minsky ML, Rochester N and Shannon CE: A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955. AI Magazine. 27(12)2006.

6 

Samuel AL: Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers. IBM J Res Dev. 3:210–229. 1959.

7 

Wied GL, Bahr GF, Oldfield DG and Bartels PH: Computer-assisted identification of cells from uterine adenocarcinoma. A clinical feasibility study with TICAS. I. Measurements at wavelength 530 nm. Acta Cytol. 12:357–370. 1968.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ishiyama T, Tsubura E, Hirao F, Yamamura Y, Takeda S, Tateisi K, Yamamoto M, Uemura M, Yaida K, Hayakawa F, et al: A study of the automation of cytodiagnosis. Med Biol Eng. 7:297–306. 1969.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Shortliffe EH, Axline SG, Buchanan BG, Merigan TC and Cohen SN: An artificial intelligence program to advise physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy. Comput Biomed Res. 6:544–560. 1973.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Miller RA, Pople HE and Myers JD: INTERNIST-1, An experimental computer-based diagnostic consultant for general internal medicine. N Engl J Med. 307:478–486. 1982.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Dechter R: Learning while searching in constraint-satisfaction-problems. In: Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Philadelphia, pp178-183, 1986.

12 

LeCun Y, Boser B, Denker JS, Henderson D, Howard RE, Hubbard W and Jackel LD: Backpropagation applied to handwritten zip code recognition. Neural Comput. 1:541–551. 1989.

13 

Kwoh YS, Hou J, Jonckheere EA and Hayati S: A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 35:153–160. 1988.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Jacobs LK, Shayani V and Sackier JM: Determination of the learning curve of the AESOP robot. Surg Endosc. 11:54–55. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Sung GT and Gill IS: Robotic laparoscopic surgery: A comparison of the DA Vinci and Zeus systems. Urology. 58:893–898. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Weinstein GS, O'malley BW Jr and Hockstein NG: Transoral robotic surgery: Supraglottic laryngectomy in a canine model. Laryngoscope. 115:1315–1319. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Kurumbail RG, Stevens AM, Gierse JK, McDonald JJ, Stegeman RA, Pak JY, Gildehaus D, Miyashiro JM, Penning TD, Seibert K, et al: Structural basis for selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by anti-inflammatory agents. Nature. 384:644–648. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Molnár L and Losonczy H: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571: New possibility in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Orv Hetil. 143:2379–2384. 2002.PubMed/NCBI(In Hu).

19 

Lanfranco AR, Castellanos AE, Desai JP and Meyers WC: Robotic surgery: A current perspective. Ann Surg. 239:14–21. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Hinton GE, Osindero S and The YW: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets. Neural Comput. 18:1527–1554. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Hinton GE and Salakhutdinov RR: Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks. Science. 313:504–507. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Komura D and Ishikawa S: Machine learning approaches for pathologic diagnosis. Virchows Arch. 475:131–138. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

American College of Radiology. Cleared AI Algorithms. 2021. https://models.acrdsi.org. Accessed July 1, 2021.

24 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration: FDA allows marketing of first whole slide imaging system for digital pathology. 2017. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-allows-marketing-first-whole-slide-imaging-system-digital-pathology. Accessed July 1, 2021.

25 

Mills AM, Gradecki SE, Horton BJ, Blackwell R, Moskaluk CA, Mandell JW, Mills SE and Cathro HP: Diagnostic efficiency in digital pathology: A comparison of optical versus digital assessment in 510 surgical pathology cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 42:53–59. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

The Medical Futurist: FDA-approved A.I.-based algorithms. 2021. https://medicalfuturist.com/fda-approved-ai-based-algorithms/. Accessed July 1, 2021.

27 

Asai A, Koseki J, Konno M, Nishimura T, Gotoh N, Satoh T, Doki Y, Mori M and Ishii H: Drug discovery of anticancer drugs targeting methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2. Heliyon. 4(e01021)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Spangler S, Wilkins AD, Bachman BJ, Nagarajan M, Dayaram T, Haas P, Regenbogen S, Pickering CR, Comer A, Myers JN, et al: Automated hypothesis generation based on mining scientific literature. KDD'14: Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining: 1877-1886, 2014.

29 

Doyle-Lindrud S: Watson will see you now: A supercomputer to help clinicians make informed treatment decisions. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 19:31–32. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Tojo A: Clinical sequencing in leukemia with the assistance of artificial intelligence. Rinsho Ketsueki. 58:1913–1917. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Japanese).

31 

Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa RA, Ko J, Swetter SM, Blau HM and Thrun S: Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature. 542:115–118. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Toratani M, Konno M, Asai A, Koseki J, Kawamoto K, Tamari K, Li Z, Sakai D, Kudo T, Satoh T, et al: A convolutional neural network uses microscopic images to differentiate between mouse and human cell lines and their radioresistant clones. Cancer Res. 78:6703–6707. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Yanagisawa K, Toratani M, Asai A, Konno M, Niioka H, Mizushima T, Satoh T, Miyake J, Ogawa K, Vecchione A, et al: Convolutional neural network can recognize drug resistance of single cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci. 21(3166)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Tanos R, Tosato G, Otandault A, Al Amir Dache Z, Pique Lasorsa L, Tousch G, El Messaoudi S, Meddeb R, Assaf MD, Ychou M, et al: Machine learning-assisted evaluation of circulating DNA quantitative analysis for cancer screening. Adv Sci (Weinh). 7(2000486)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Im YR, Tsui DWY, Diaz LA Jr and Wan JCM: Next-generation liquid biopsies: Embracing data science in oncology. Trends Cancer. 7:283–292. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Harada Y and Shimizu T: Impact of a Commercial Artificial Intelligence-Driven Patient Self-Assessment Solution on Waiting Times at General Internal Medicine Outpatient Departments: Retrospective Study. JMIR Med Inform. 8(e21056)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Litjens G, Kooi T, Bejnordi BE, Setio AAA, Ciompi F, Ghafoorian M, van Der Laak JA, van Ginneken B and Sánchez CI: A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis. Med Image Anal. 42:60–88. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Khosravi P, Kazemi E, Imielinski M, Elemento O and Hajirasouliha I: Deep convolutional neural networks enable discrimination of heterogeneous digital pathology images. EBioMedicine. 27:317–328. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Meyer A, Zverinski D, Pfahringer B, Kempfert J, Kuehne T, Sündermann SH, Stamm C, Hofmann T, Falk V and Eickhoff C: Machine learning for real-time prediction of complications in critical care: A retrospective study. Lancet Respir Med. 6:905–914. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Saeidi H, Opfermann JD, Kam M, Raghunathan S, Leonard S and Krieger A: A confidence-based shared control strategy for the smart tissue autonomous robot (STAR). Rep US. 2018:1268–1275. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Brown N, Cambruzzi J, Cox PJ, Davies M, Dunbar J, Plumbley D, Sellwood MA, Sim A, Williams-Jones BI, Zwierzyna M and Sheppard DW: Big data in drug discovery. Prog Med Chem. 57:277–356. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Vélez-Guerrero MA, Callejas-Cuervo M and Mazzoleni S: Artificial intelligence-based wearable robotic exoskeletons for upper limb rehabilitation: A review. Sensors (Basel). 21(2146)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Comendador B, Francisco B, Medenilla J, Nacion S and Serac T: Pharmabot: A pediatric generic medicine consultant chatbot. J Automat Control Eng. 3:137–140. 2015.

44 

Wong V, Rosenbaum S, Sung W, Kaplan RM, Bott N, Platchek T, Milstein A and Shah NR: Caring for caregivers: bridging the gap between family caregiving policy and practice. NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv. 2:2021.

45 

Paul D, Sanap G, Shenoy S, Kalyane D, Kalia K and Tekade RK: Artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development. Drug Discov Today. 26:80–93. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

AlQuraishi M: AlphaFold at CASP13. Bioinformatics. 35:4862–4865. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Wang C and Zhang Y: Improving scoring-docking-screening powers of protein-ligand scoring functions using random forest. J Comput Chem. 38:169–177. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Durrant JD and McCammon JA: NNScore 2.0: A neural-network receptor-ligand scoring function. J Chem Inf Model. 51:2897–2903. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Feinberg EN, Sur D, Wu Z, Husic BE, Mai H, Li Y, Sun S, Yang J, Ramsundar B and Pande VS: PotentialNet for molecular property prediction. ACS Cent Sci. 4:1520–1530. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Yasuo N and Sekijima M: Improved method of structure-based virtual screening via interaction-energy-based learning. J Chem Inf Model. 59:1050–1061. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Wallach I, Dzamba M and Heifets A: AtomNet: A deep convolutional neural network for bioactivity prediction in structure-based drug discovery. arXiv: 1510.02855, 2015.

52 

Stork C, Chen Y, Šícho M and Kirchmair J: Hit dexter 2.0: Machine-learning models for the prediction of frequent hitters. J Chem Inf Model. 59:1030–1043. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Wójcikowski M, Zielenkiewicz P and Siedlecki P: Open drug discovery toolkit (ODDT): A new open-source player in the drug discovery field. J Cheminform. 7(26)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Rifaioglu AS, Nalbat E, Atalay V, Martin MJ, Cetin-Atalay R and Doğan T: DEEPScreen: High performance drug-target interaction prediction with convolutional neural networks using 2-D structural compound representations. Chem Sci. 11:2531–2557. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Xu Y, Ma J, Liaw A, Sheridan RP and Svetnik V: Demystifying multitask deep neural networks for quantitative structure-activity relationships. J Chem Inf Model. 57:2490–2504. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Awale M and Reymond JL: Polypharmacology Browser PPB2: Target prediction combining nearest neighbors with machine learning. J Chem Inf Model. 59:10–17. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Duvenaud DK, Maclaurin D, Iparraguirre J, Bombarell R, Hirzel T, Aspuru-Guzik A and Adams RP: Convolutional networks on graphs for learning molecular fingerprints. In: Advances in neural information processing systems 28. NIPS Foundation, Montreal. 2:2224–2232. 2015.

58 

Putin E, Asadulaev A, Ivanenkov Y, Aladinskiy V, Sanchez-Lengeling B, Aspuru-Guzik A and Zhavoronkov A: Reinforced adversarial neural computer for de novo molecular design. J Chem Inf Model. 58:1194–1204. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Olivecrona M, Blaschke T, Engkvist O and Chen H: Molecular de-novo design through deep reinforcement learning. J Cheminform. 9(48)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Mayr A, Klambauer G, Unterithiner T and Hochreiter S: DeepTox: Toxicity prediction using deep learning. Front Environ Sci. 3(80)2016.

61 

Steiner S, Wolf J, Glatzel S, Andreou A, Granda JM, Keenan G, Hinkley T, Aragon-Camarasa G, Kitson PJ, Angelone D and Cronin L: Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language. Science. 363(eaav2211)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Coley CW, Rogers L, Green WH and Jensen KF: SCScore: Synthetic complexity learned from a reaction corpus. J Chem Inf Model. 58:252–261. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Antunes DA, Devaurs D and Kavraki LE: Understanding the challenges of protein flexibility in drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 10:1301–1313. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Uehara S and Tanaka S: AutoDock-GIST: Incorporating thermodynamics of active-site water into scoring function for accurate protein-ligand docking. Molecules. 21(1604)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Jamal S, Ali W, Nagpal P, Grover S and Grover A: Computational models for the prediction of adverse cardiovascular drug reactions. J Transl Med. 17(171)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

66 

Walonoski J, Kramer M, Nichols J, Quina A, Moesel C, Hall D, Duffett C, Dube K, Gallagher T and McLachlan S: Synthea: An approach, method, and software mechanism for generating synthetic patients and the synthetic electronic health care record. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 25:230–238. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

67 

Choi E, Biswal S, Malin B, Duke J, Stewart WF and Sun J: Generating multi-label discrete patient records using generative adversarial networks. PMLR. 68:286–305. 2017.

68 

Linardatos P, Papastefanopoulos V and Kotsiantis S: Explainable AI: A Review of Machine Learning Interpretability Methods. Entropy (Basel). 23(18)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Asai A, Konno M, Taniguchi M, Vecchione A and Ishii H: Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 1351, 2021.
APA
Asai, A., Konno, M., Taniguchi, M., Vecchione, A., & Ishii, H. (2021). Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1351. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10786
MLA
Asai, A., Konno, M., Taniguchi, M., Vecchione, A., Ishii, H."Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1351.
Chicago
Asai, A., Konno, M., Taniguchi, M., Vecchione, A., Ishii, H."Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1351. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10786
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Asai A, Konno M, Taniguchi M, Vecchione A and Ishii H: Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 1351, 2021.
APA
Asai, A., Konno, M., Taniguchi, M., Vecchione, A., & Ishii, H. (2021). Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1351. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10786
MLA
Asai, A., Konno, M., Taniguchi, M., Vecchione, A., Ishii, H."Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1351.
Chicago
Asai, A., Konno, M., Taniguchi, M., Vecchione, A., Ishii, H."Computational healthcare: Present and future perspectives (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1351. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10786
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team