Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2021 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2021 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats

  • Authors:
    • Yuanyang Li
    • Yufan Zhang
    • Xiangzhong Zhou
    • Xianghong Lei
    • Xinhang Li
    • Liping Wei
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301677, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Da Gang Hospital, Tianjin 300270, P.R. China, Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 1451
    |
    Published online on: October 14, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10886
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Patients treated with 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU) can develop rare but potentially severe cardiac effects, including cardiomyopathy, angina pectoris, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The specific pathologies and underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. The results of previous studies have indicated that mitochondrial autophagy is widely detected in many angiocardiopathies. In the present study, the dynamic changes in the homeostasis of mitochondrial injury and autophagy were observed in rats treated with 5‑FU for different durations. A corresponding control group and a 5‑FU model group were established in groups of Sprague‑Dawley rats aged 2 and 18 months, and the myocardial enzyme levels were determined at different time points. At 2 weeks post‑model establishment, cardiac ultrasound and myocardial histological staining were performed, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial mitochondrial function were assessed, and mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined. In addition, the expression levels of autophagy‑related proteins were evaluated in the 18‑month‑old rats on days 7 and 14 of 5‑FU administration. The experimental results demonstrated that 5‑FU induced an elevation in the levels of myocardial enzymes, as well as changes in the cardiac structure and function, and that these changes were more prominent over longer drug durations. In addition, 5‑FU decreased the levels of myocardial mitochondrial ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and aggravated myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared with those observed in the untreated control group, treated with the same volume of saline as 5‑FU in the 5‑FU group. These injuries were particularly evident in aging rats. Notably, 5‑FU increased the expression levels of myocardial mitochondrial autophagy‑related proteins, and electron microscopy revealed a more severe autophagic state in the model groups compared with that in the control groups. In conclusion, 5‑FU induced myocardial mitochondrial damage, the degree of which was more severe in aging rats compared with that in young rats. The mitochondrial autophagy induced by 5‑FU was excessive, and the degree of autophagy was aggravated with increased 5‑FU administration time.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Bornstein JC and Nurgali K: Colorectal cancer chemotherapy: The evolution of treatment and new approaches. Curr Med Chem. 24:1537–1557. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Li C, Ngorsuraches S, Chou C, Chen L and Qian J: Risk factors of fluoropyrimidine induced cardiotoxicity among cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 162(103346)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Kastl S, Brunner T, Herrmann O, Riepl M, Fietkau R, Grabenbauer G, Sauer R, Hohenberger W and Klein P: Neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy in advanced primarilynon-resectable carcinomas of the pancreas. Eur J Surg Oncol. 26:578–582. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Abbruzzese JL and Levin B: Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 3:135–153. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chang HM, Moudgil R, Scarabelli T, Okwuosa TM and Yeh ETH: Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy: Best practices in diagnosis, prevention, and management: Part 1. J Am Coll Cardiol. 70:2536–2551. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Raber I, Warack S, Kanduri J, Pribish A, Godishala A, Abovich A, Orbite A, Dommaraju S, Frazer M, Peters ML and Asnani A: Fluoropyrimidine-associated cardiotoxicity: A retrospective case-control study. Oncologist. 25:e606–e609. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Polk A, Vaage-Nilsen M, Vistisen K and Nielsen DL: Cardiotoxicity in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine: A systematic review of incidence, manifestations and predisposing factors. Cancer Treat Rev. 39:974–984. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Kanduri J, More LA, Godishala A and Asnani A: Fluoropyrimidine-associated cardiotoxicity. Cardiol Clin. 37:339–405. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Abdel-Rahman O: 5-Fluorouracil-related cardiotoxicity; findings from five randomized studies of 5-fluorouracil-based regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 18:58–63. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Sorrentino MF, Kim J, Foderaro AE and Truesdell AG: 5-Fluorouracil induced cardiotoxicity: Review of the literature. Cardiol J. 19:453–458. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Lamberti M, Porto S, Marra M, Zappavigna S, Grimaldi A, Feola D, Pesce D, Naviglio S, Spina A, Sannolo N and Caraglia M: 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis in rat cardiocytes through intracellular oxidative stress. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 31(60)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Eskandari MR, Moghaddam F, Shahraki J and Pourahmad J: A comparison of cardiomyocyte cytotoxic mechanisms for 5-fluorouracil and its pro-drug capecitabine. Xenobiotica. 45:79–87. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Focaccetti C, Bruno A, Magnani E, Bartolini D, Principi E, Dallaglio K, Bucci EO, Finzi G, Sessa F, Noonan DM and Albini A: Effects of 5-fluorouracil on morphology, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. PLoS One. 10(e0115686)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Lemaire L, Malet-Martino MC, Forni M, Martino R and Lasserre B: Cardiotoxicity of commercial 5-fluorouracil vials stems from the alkaline hydrolysis of this drug. Br Cancer. 66:119–127. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Polk A, Vistisen K, Vaage-Nilsen M and Nielsen DL: A systematic review of the pathophysiology of 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 15(47)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Mizushima N: A brief history of autophagy from cell biology to physiology and disease. Nat Cell Biol. 20:521–527. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Ong SB, Kalkhoran SB, Cabrera-FUentes HA and Hausenloy DJ: Mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins as novel therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 763:104–114. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Dombi E, Mortiboys H and Poulton J: Modulating mitophagy in mitochondrial disease. Curr Med Chem. 25:5597–5612. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Yu YL, Wang MS, Wang ZS, Yu JQ, Song YY, Li BZ, Hong ZZ, Wen ZN, Xu GS, Liang SJ, et al: A guidebook for the care and use of laboratory animals. In: Chinese society for the laboratory animal science Publ. Taiwan, pp64-75, 2004.

20 

Zou YH, Xu ZW, Huang R, Chen LM, Yu L, Wang X, Wang SC, Guo XJ, Zhang W, Cai ZZ, et al: Laboratory animal science. In: Science Press Publ. Beijing, pp200-203, 2016.

21 

Soslow RA, Dannenberg AJ, Rush D, Woerner BM, Khan KN, Masferrer J and Koki AT: COX-2 is expressed in human pulmonary, colonic, and mammary tumors. Cancer. 89:2637–2645. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Flameng W, Borgers M, Daenen W and Stalpaert G: Ultrastructural and cytochemical correlates of myocardial protection by cardiac hypothermia in man. J Thora Cardiovasc Surg. 79:413–424. 1980.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Mishra T, Shokr M, Ahmed A and Afonso L: Acute reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction associated with 5-fluorouracil therapy: A rare and increasingly recognised cardiotoxicity of a commonly used drug. BMJ Case Rep. 12(e230499)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Iskandar MZ, Quasem W and El-Omar M: 5-Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity: Reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction with early detection. BMJ Case Rep. 2015(bcr2015209347)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Depetris I, Marino D, Bonzano A, Cagnazzo C, Filippi R, Aglietta M and Leone F: Fluoropyrimidine-induced cardiotoxicity. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 124:1–10. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Gump JM and Thorburn A: Autophagy and apoptosis: What is the connection? Trends Cell Biol. 21:387–392. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Su M, Mei Y and Sinha S: Role of the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer. J Oncol. 2013(102735)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Chen Q, Kang J and Fu C: The independence of and associations among apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 3(18)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Sara JD, Kaur J, Khodadadi R, Rehman M, Lobo R, Chakrabarti S, Herrmann J, Lerman A and Grothey A: 5-Fluorouracil and cardiotoxicity: A review. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 10(1758835918780140)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Zhang D and Ma J: Mitochondrial dynamics in rat heart induced by 5-fluorouracil. Med Sci Monit. 24:6666–6672. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Roca-Agujetas V, de Dios C, Lestón L, Marí M, Morales A and Colell A: Recent insights into the mitochondrial role in autophagy and its regulation by oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019(3809308)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Yu L, Chen Y and Tooze SA: Autophagy pathway: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Autophagy. 14:207–215. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Maejima Y: The critical role of autophagy in heart failure. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 151:100–105. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Japanese).

34 

Sridhar S, Botbol Y, Macian F and Cuervo AM: Autophagy and disease: Always two sides to a problem. J Pathol. 226:255–273. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Novo G, Cadeddu C, Sucato V, Pagliaro P, Romano S, Tocchetti CG, Zito C, Longobardo L, Nodari S and Penco M: Role of biomarkers in monitoring antiblastic cardiotoxicity. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 17 (Suppl 1):S27–S34. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Jones M, O'Gorman P, Kelly C, Mahon N and Fitzgibbon MC: High-sensitive cardiac troponin-I facilitates timely detection of subclinical anthracycline-mediated cardiac injury. Ann Clin Biochem. 54:149–157. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Mokhtar AT, Begum J, Buth KJ and Legare JF: Cardiac troponin T is an important predictor of mortality after cardiac surgery. J Crit Care. 38:41–46. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Rtibi K, Selmi S, Grami D, Amri M, Sebai H and Marzouki L: Contribution of oxidative stress in acute intestinal mucositis induced by 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and its pro-drug capecitabine in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 28:262–267. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Donald E, Abalo R, Bornstein JC and Nurgali K: Gastrointestinal dysfunction and enteric neurotoxicity following treatment with anticancer chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 28:1861–1875. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Murphy E, Ardehali H, Balaban RS, DiLisa F, Dorn GW II, Kitsis RN, Otsu K, Ping P, Rizzuto R, Sack MN, et al: Mitochondrial function, biology, and role in disease: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circ Res. 118:1960–1991. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Basu Ball W, Neff JK and Gohil VM: The role of nonbilayer phospholipids in mitochondrial structure and function. FEBS Lett. 592:1273–1290. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Sciarretta S, Maejima Y, Zablocki D and Sadoshima J: The role of autophagy in the heart. Annu Rev Physiol. 80:1–26. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Onorati AV, Dyczynski M, Ojha R and Amaravadi RK: Targeting autophagy in cancer. Cancer. 124:3307–3318. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Wang W, Qiao O, Ji H, Zhang X, Han X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li X and Gao W: Autophagy in vascular dementia and natural products with autophagy regulating activity. Pharmacol Res. 170(105756)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Racanelli AC, Kikkers SA, Choi AMK and Cloonan SM: Autophagy and inflammation in chronic respiratory disease. Autophagy. 14:221–232. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Mukhopadhyay S, Panda PK, Sinha N, Das DN and Bhutia SK: Autophagy and apoptosis: Where do they meet? Apoptosis. 19:555–566. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Young MM, Kester M and Wang HG: Sphingolipids: Regulators of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. J Lipid Res. 54:5–19. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu X, Garuti R, Liang XH, Mizushima N, Packer M, Schneider MD and Levine B: Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell. 122:927–939. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Nakajima S, Aikawa C, Nozawa T, Minowa-Nozawa A, Toh H and Nakagawa I: Bcl-xL affects group a streptococcus-induced autophagy directly, by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, and indirectly, by inhibiting bacterial internalization via interaction with beclin 1-UVRAG. PLoS One. 13(e0170138)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Lindqvist LM, Heinlein M, Huang DC and Vaux DL: Prosurvival Bcl-2 family members affect autophagy only indirectly, by inhibiting Bax and Bak. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA. 111:8512–8517. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Haeussler S, Köhler F, Witting M, Premm MF, Rolland SG, Fischer C, Chauve L, Casanueva O and Conradt B: Autophagy compensates for defects in mitochondrial dynamics. PLoS Genet. 16(e1008638)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Yoo SM and Jung YK: A molecular approach to mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. Mol Cells. 41:18–26. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Eisenberg T, Abdellatif M, Schroeder S, Primessnig U, Stekovic S, Pendl T, Harger A, Schipke J, Zimmermann A, Schmidt A, et al: Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine. Nat Med. 22:1428–1438. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Lin XL, Xiao WJ, Xiao LL and Liu MH: Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (review). Mol Med Rep. 18:675–683. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Liu CY, Zhang YH, Li RB, Zhou LY, An T, Zhang RC, Zhai M, Huang Y, Yan YW, Dong YH, et al: LncRNA CAIF inhibits autophagy and attenuates myocardial infarction by blocking p53-mediated myocardin transcription. Nat Commun. 9(29)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Ng MYW, Wai T and Simonsen A: Quality control of the mitochondrion. Dev Cell. 56:881–905. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Hamacher-Brady A and Brady NR: Mitophagy programs: Mechanisms and physiological implications of mitochondrial targeting by autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci. 73:775–795. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Tanaka K: The PINK1-Parkin axis: An overview. Neurosci Res. 159:9–15. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Chun Y and Kim J: Autophagy: An essential degradation program for cellular homeostasis and life. Cells. 7(278)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Kawajiri S, Saiki S, Sato S, Sato F, Hatano T, Eguchi H and Hattori N: PINK1 is recruited to mitochondria with parkin and associates with LC3 in mitophagy. FEBS Lett. 584:1073–1079. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Sciarretta S, Yee D, Nagarajan N, Bianchi F, Saito T, Valenti V, Tong M, Del Re DP, Vecchione C, Schirone L, et al: Trehalose-induced activation of autophagy improves cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 71:1999–2010. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Oshitani-Okamoto S, Ohsumi Y and Yoshimori T: LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation. J Cell Sci. 117:2805–2812. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Wu X, Qin Y, Zhu X, Liu D, Chen F, Xu S, Zheng D, Zhou Y and Luo J: Increased expression of DRAM1 confers myocardial protection against ischemia via restoring autophagy flux. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 124:70–82. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Liang H, Su X, Wu Q, Shan H, Lv L, Yu T, Zhao X, Sun J, Yang R, Zhang L, et al: LncRNA 2810403D21Rik/Mirf promotes ischemic myocardial injury by regulating autophagy through targeting Mir26a. Autophagy. 16:1077–1691. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Dong Y, Undyala VVR and Przyklenk K: Inhibition of mitochondrial fission as a molecular target for cardioprotection: Critical importance of the timing of treatment. Basic Res Cardiol. 111(59)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Lei X, Li X and Wei L: Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats. Exp Ther Med 22: 1451, 2021.
APA
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, X., Li, X., & Wei, L. (2021). Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1451. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10886
MLA
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, X., Li, X., Wei, L."Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1451.
Chicago
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, X., Li, X., Wei, L."Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1451. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10886
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Lei X, Li X and Wei L: Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats. Exp Ther Med 22: 1451, 2021.
APA
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, X., Li, X., & Wei, L. (2021). Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1451. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10886
MLA
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, X., Li, X., Wei, L."Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1451.
Chicago
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, X., Li, X., Wei, L."Dynamic observation of 5‑fluorouracil‑induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1451. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10886
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team